BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    




                                                                  AB 2970
                                                                  Page A
          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 2970 (Wayne)
          As Amended April 29, 2002
          Majority vote 

           BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONS   6-3                                  
           
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          |Ayes:|Correa, Cardenas,         |     |                          |
          |     |Goldberg, Corbett,        |     |                          |
          |     |Koretz, Thomson           |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |Nays:|Bogh, Kelley, Leach       |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 

           SUMMARY  :  Prohibits an accountant from accepting employment from  
          an audit client or its affiliate within 24 months of issuance of  
          a financial statement when the employment permits the accountant  
          to exercise authority over accounting or financial reporting.   
          Prohibits licensees (accountants) from accepting employment from  
          a publicly traded corporation or its affiliate within 24 months  
          of issuance of a financial statement if the following conditions  
          are met:

          1)The licensee had significant participation in the  
            corporation's audit engagement process from the levels of the  
            person in charge of field work up through positions of being a  
            partner on the engagement; and,

          2)The employment would permit the licensee to exercise  
            significant authority over accounting or financial reporting,  
            including authority over the controls related to those  
            functions.

           EXISTING LAW  establishes the California Board of Accountancy  
          (Board), in the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA), for the  
          purposes of licensing and regulating public accountants.  In  
          addition to other requirements, a licensee is required to issue  
          a report conforming to professional standards upon completion of  
          a compilation, review, or audit of financial statements.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  Unknown










                                                                  AB 2970
                                                                  Page B
           COMMENTS  :  

          1)According to the author, it is in the best interest of  
            consumers for an auditor's independence to be protected by  
            prohibiting employment by an audit client for a period of  
            24-months when the auditor has significantly participated in  
            an audit engagement.  Under this bill, auditors would be  
            prohibited from becoming employees of the client for a  
            "cooling off" period of 24-months following the issuance of  
            the financial statement report.

          Employment restrictions would apply only to those auditors who  
            are required to exercise significant judgment in the audit  
            process, and would include positions, however titled, where  
            the auditor was the person in charge of the fieldwork up  
            through partner on the audit engagement. 

          2)California Board of Accountancy:  This bill mirrors the  
            findings and recommendation of the Board.  In developing its  
            recommendations, the Board reviewed existing professional  
            standards and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules.   
            After careful consideration, the Board concluded that  
            additional restrictions would be appropriate.  The Board  
            identified positions in the accounting firm and positions with  
            the audit client where the restrictions would increase public  
            protection without unduly restricting employment opportunities  
            for auditors. 

          3)Conflict of interest:  In the words of the United States  
            Supreme Court, "by certifying the public reports that  
            collectively depict a corporation's financial status, the  
            independent auditor assumes a public responsibility  
            transcending any employment relationship with the client.  The  
            independent public accountant performing this special function  
            owes ultimate allegiance to the corporation's creditors and  
            stockholders, as well as to the investing public.  This  
            'public watchdog' function demands that the accountant  
            maintain  total independence from the client at all times and  
            requires complete fidelity to the public trust  ."<1>

          It is common practice for large publicly traded corporations to  
            hire members of the team that has audited it into senior-level  
            financial or accounting positions, these audit team members  


          ---------------------------
          <1> United States v. Arthur Young & Co., 465 U.S. 805, 817-18  
          (1984) 








                                                                  AB 2970
                                                                  Page C
            have experience with and knowledge of the corporation and its  
            inner workings.  However, such employment can frequently come  
            at the expense of the independence of the auditor and at the  
            expense of the audit, the public trust function delegated by  
            Congress to certified public accountants in 1933.

          4)Federal preemption:  A legal analysis issued by the Office of  
            the Attorney General on May 1, 2002, concluded that federal  
            law would not preempt California from enacting legislation to  
            restrict accountants from obtaining employment with a company  
            while performing, or for a certain amount of time after  
            performing, an independent audit of the company.

          5)Federal legislation:  Because of the Big Five's opposition to  
            accounting reform, it is unlikely Congress will provide the  
            public with a remedy in an expeditious manner.  According a  
            recent article in the Wall Street Journal, "Don't look for a  
            major overhaul of the accounting industry soon?It remains  
            uncertain if anything will pass this year."  And on April 12,  
            2002, the Washington Post reported, "The accounting  
            industry?has a long history of successfully fighting off  
            efforts to regulate it in the aftermath of financial  
            disasters, such as the savings and loan crisis?. It is far  
            from clear that significant change will result."  

          As recently as the April 29, 2002, issue of Business Week  
            Magazine, an article, "Accounting: Congress Only Looks Like  
            It's Getting Tough" summarized the viability of any meaningful  
            accounting reform occurring, "But don't expect a White House  
            ceremony any time soon.  House Republicans and Senate  
            Democratic leaders are poles apart on how best to curb  
            auditing abuses." 

          The SEC, the enforcement body for the accounting standards  
            already in place, requested additional funds for 2003 in an  
            attempt to increase its staff to accommodate the growing  
            demands placed on the agency since the Enron/Andersen debacle  
            and the plethora of corporate financial restatements impacting  
            the stock market.  The White House rejected the SEC's request.

           Analysis Prepared by  :    David Pacheco  / B. & P. / (916)  
          319-3301 

                                                                FN: 0004665