BILL NUMBER: AB 1412 AMENDED
BILL TEXT
AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY APRIL 7, 2005
INTRODUCED BY Assembly Member Leno
FEBRUARY 22, 2005
An act to amend Sections 366, 366.1, 366.21, 366.22, 366.26,
366.3, 16001.9, 16500.1, and 16501.1 of the Welfare and
Institutions Code, relating to dependent children.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 1412, as amended, Leno. Dependent children: out-of-home
placements.
(1) Existing law requires the juvenile court
to conduct periodic status review hearings, and, in certain cases,
to terminate the parental rights to, and to order a permanent plan of
adoption or legal guardianship for, a dependent child of the
juvenile court. Existing law also requires social workers to prepare
various reports, including a case plan, regarding the child in
connection with these hearings, and to make efforts to maintain
relationships between the child and specified individuals who are
important to the child. Several of these provisions apply
specifically to a child who is 10 years of age or older who is placed
in a group home for 6 months or longer from the date the child
entered foster care.
This bill would revise those provisions to apply to a child who is
10 years of age or older and who has been in an out-of-home
placement. By expanding the class of children to whom these
provisions would apply, the bill would impose additional duties on
social workers, thereby imposing a state-mandated local program.
(2) Existing law establishes the rights of children in foster
care. Existing law establishes a statewide system of child welfare
services and states the intent of the Legislature in this regard.
This bill would state the right of a child in foster care to be
involved in the development of his or her own case plan and plan for
permanent placement. The bill would revise the age a child in foster
care has a right to review his or her case plan to 12 years of age or
older. The bill would make further statements of legislative intent
in connection with the statewide system of child welfare services.
The bill would provide that a child be given the opportunity to
participate in the development of a case plan, and that a child 12
years of age or older shall be able to review the case plan, sign it,
and receive a copy of it. The bill would also make a statement of
legislative findings regarding a child's input in his or her case
plan.
(3) The California Constitution requires the
state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain
costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish
procedures for making that reimbursement.
This bill would provide that, if the Commission on State Mandates
determines that the bill contains costs mandated by the state,
reimbursement for those costs shall be made pursuant to these
statutory provisions.
Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes.
State-mandated local program: yes.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares that a child's
input in his or her case plan is valuable and necessary to
developing a plan that best meets the child's unique needs.
SECTION 1.
SEC. 2. Section 366 of the Welfare and Institutions
Code is amended to read:
366. (a) (1) The status of every dependent child in foster care
shall be reviewed periodically as determined by the court but no less
frequently than once every six months, as calculated from the date
of the original dispositional hearing, until the hearing described in
Section 366.26 is completed. The court shall consider the safety of
the child and shall determine all of the following:
(A) The continuing necessity for and appropriateness of the
placement.
(B) The extent of the agency's compliance with the case plan in
making reasonable efforts to return the child to a safe home and to
complete any steps necessary to finalize the permanent placement of
the child, including efforts to maintain relationships between a
child who is 10 years of age or older and who has been in an
out-of-home placement for six months or longer, and individuals other
than the child's siblings who are important to the child, consistent
with the child's best interests.
(C) Whether there should be any limitation on the right of the
parent or guardian to make educational decisions for the child. That
limitation shall be specifically addressed in the court order and may
not exceed those necessary to protect the child. Whenever the court
specifically limits the right of the parent or guardian to make
educational decisions for the child, the court shall at the same time
appoint a responsible adult to make educational decisions for the
child pursuant to Section 361.
(D) (i) Whether the child has other siblings under the court's
jurisdiction, and, if any siblings exist, all of the following:
(I) The nature of the relationship between the child and his or
her siblings.
(II) The appropriateness of developing or maintaining the sibling
relationships pursuant to Section 16002.
(III) If the siblings are not placed together in the same home,
why the siblings are not placed together and what efforts are being
made to place the siblings together, or why those efforts are not
appropriate.
(IV) If the siblings are not placed together, the frequency and
nature of the visits between siblings.
(V) The impact of the sibling relationships on the child's
placement and planning for legal permanence.
(VI) The continuing need to suspend sibling interaction, if
applicable, pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 16002.
(ii) The factors the court may consider in making a determination
regarding the nature of the child's sibling relationships may
include, but are not limited to, whether the siblings were raised
together in the same home, whether the siblings have shared
significant common experiences or have existing close and strong
bonds, whether either sibling expresses a desire to visit or live
with his or her sibling, as applicable, and whether ongoing contact
is in the child's best emotional interests.
(E) The extent of progress which has been made toward alleviating
or mitigating the causes necessitating placement in foster care.
(2) The court shall project a likely date by which the child may
be returned to and safely maintained in the home or placed for
adoption, legal guardianship, or in another planned permanent living
arrangement.
(b) Subsequent to the hearing, periodic reviews of each child in
foster care shall be conducted pursuant to the requirements of
Sections 366.3 and 16503.
(c) If the child has been placed out of state, each review
described in subdivision (a) and any reviews conducted pursuant to
Sections 366.3 and 16503 shall also address whether the out-of-state
placement continues to be the most appropriate placement selection
and in the best interests of the child.
(d) A child may not be placed in an out-of-state group home, or
remain in an out-of-state group home, unless the group home is in
compliance with Section 7911.1 of the Family Code.
SEC. 2.
SEC. 3. Section 366.1 of the Welfare and Institutions
Code is amended to read:
366.1. Each supplemental report required to be filed pursuant to
Section 366 shall include, but not be limited to, a factual
discussion of each of the following subjects:
(a) Whether the county welfare department social worker has
considered child protective services, as defined in Chapter 5
(commencing with Section 16500) of Part 4 of Division 9, as a
possible solution to the problems at hand, and has offered those
services to qualified parents, if appropriate under the
circumstances.
(b) What plan, if any, for the return and maintenance of the child
in a safe home is recommended to the court by the county welfare
department social worker.
(c) Whether the subject child appears to be a person who is
eligible to be considered for further court action to free the child
from parental custody and control.
(d) What actions, if any, have been taken by the parent to correct
the problems that caused the child to be made a dependent child of
the court.
(e) If the parent or guardian is unwilling or unable to
participate in making an educational decision for his or her child,
or if other circumstances exist that compromise the ability of the
parent or guardian to make educational decisions for the child, the
county welfare department or social worker shall consider whether the
right of the parent or guardian to make educational decisions for
the child should be limited. If the supplemental report makes that
recommendation, the report shall identify whether there is a
responsible adult available to make educational decisions for the
child pursuant to Section 361.
(f) (1) Whether the child has any siblings under the court's
jurisdiction, and, if any siblings exist, all of the following:
(A) The nature of the relationship between the child and his or
her siblings.
(B) The appropriateness of developing or maintaining the sibling
relationships pursuant to Section 16002.
(C) If the siblings are not placed together in the same home, why
the siblings are not placed together and what efforts are being made
to place the siblings together, or why those efforts are not
appropriate.
(D) If the siblings are not placed together, the frequency and
nature of the visits between siblings.
(E) The impact of the sibling relationships on the child's
placement and planning for legal permanence.
(2) The factual discussion shall include a discussion of
indicators of the nature of the child's sibling relationships,
including, but not limited to, whether the siblings were raised
together in the same home, whether the siblings have shared
significant common experiences or have existing close and strong
bonds, whether either sibling expresses a desire to visit or live
with his or her sibling, as applicable, and whether ongoing contact
is in the child's best emotional interests.
(g) Whether a child who is 10 years of age or older and who has
been in an out-of-home placement for six months or longer has
relationships with individuals other than the child's siblings that
are important to the child, consistent with the child's best
interests, and actions taken to maintain those relationships. The
social worker shall ask every child who is 10 years of age or older
and who has been in an out-of-home placement for six months or longer
to identify any individuals other than the child's siblings who are
important to the child, consistent with the child's best interest.
The social worker may ask any other child to provide that
information, as appropriate.
SEC. 3.
SEC. 4. Section 366.21 of the Welfare and Institutions
Code is amended to read:
366.21. (a) Every hearing conducted by the juvenile court
reviewing the status of a dependent child shall be placed on the
appearance calendar. The court shall advise all persons present at
the hearing of the date of the future hearing and of their right to
be present and represented by counsel.
(b) Except as provided in Sections 294 and 295, notice of the
hearing shall be provided pursuant to Section 293.
(c) At least 10 calendar days prior to the hearing, the social
worker shall file a supplemental report with the court regarding the
services provided or offered to the parent or legal guardian to
enable him or her to assume custody and the efforts made to achieve
legal permanence for the child if efforts to reunify fail, including,
but not limited to, efforts to maintain relationships between a
child who is 10 years of age or older and has been in out-of-home
placement for six months or longer and individuals who are important
to the child, consistent with the child's best interests; the
progress made; and, where relevant, the prognosis for return of the
child to the physical custody of his or her parent or legal guardian;
and shall make his or her recommendation for disposition. If the
child is a member of a sibling group described in paragraph (3) of
subdivision (a) of Section 361.5, the report and recommendation may
also take into account those factors described in subdivision (e)
relating to the child's sibling group. If the recommendation is not
to return the child to a parent or legal guardian, the report shall
specify why the return of the child would be detrimental to the
child. The social worker shall provide the parent or legal guardian,
counsel for the child, and any court-appointed child advocate with a
copy of the report, including his or her recommendation for
disposition, at least 10 calendar days prior to the hearing. In the
case of a child removed from the physical custody of his or her
parent or legal guardian, the social worker shall, at least 10
calendar days prior to the hearing, provide a summary of his or her
recommendation for disposition to any foster parents, relative
caregivers, and certified foster parents who have been approved for
adoption by the State Department of Social Services when it is acting
as an adoption agency in counties that are not served by a county
adoption agency or by a licensed county adoption agency, community
care facility, or foster family agency having the physical custody of
the child.
(d) Prior to any hearing involving a child in the physical custody
of a community care facility or a foster family agency that may
result in the return of the child to the physical custody of his or
her parent or legal guardian, or in adoption or the creation of a
legal guardianship, the facility or agency shall file with the court
a report containing its recommendation for disposition. Prior to the
hearing involving a child in the physical custody of a foster parent,
a relative caregiver, or a certified foster parent who has been
approved for adoption by the State Department of Social Services when
it is acting as an adoption agency or by a licensed adoption agency,
the foster parent, relative caregiver, or the certified foster
parent who has been approved for adoption by the State Department of
Social Services when it is acting as an adoption agency in counties
that are not served by a county adoption agency or by a licensed
county adoption agency, may file with the court a report containing
his or her recommendation for disposition. The court shall consider
the report and recommendation filed pursuant to this subdivision
prior to determining any disposition.
(e) At the review hearing held six months after the initial
dispositional hearing, the court shall order the return of the child
to the physical custody of his or her parent or legal guardian unless
the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the return
of the child to his or her parent or legal guardian would create a
substantial risk of detriment to the safety, protection, or physical
or emotional well-being of the child. The social worker shall have
the burden of establishing that detriment. The failure of the parent
or legal guardian to participate regularly and make substantive
progress in court-ordered treatment programs shall be prima facie
evidence that return would be detrimental. In making its
determination, the court shall review and consider the social worker'
s report and recommendations and the report and recommendations of
any child advocate appointed pursuant to Section 356.5; and shall
consider the efforts or progress, or both, demonstrated by the parent
or legal guardian and the extent to which he or she availed himself
or herself to services provided.
Whether or not the child is returned to a parent or legal
guardian, the court shall specify the factual basis for its
conclusion that the return would be detrimental or would not be
detrimental. The court also shall make appropriate findings pursuant
to subdivision (a) of Section 366; and, where relevant, shall order
any additional services reasonably believed to facilitate the return
of the child to the custody of his or her parent or legal guardian.
The court shall also inform the parent or legal guardian that if the
child cannot be returned home by the 12-month permanency hearing, a
proceeding pursuant to Section 366.26 may be instituted. This section
does not apply in a case where, pursuant to Section 361.5, the court
has ordered that reunification services shall not be provided.
If the child was under the age of three years on the date of the
initial removal, or is a member of a sibling group described in
paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 361.5, and the court
finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent failed to
participate regularly and make substantive progress in a
court-ordered treatment plan, the court may schedule a hearing
pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days. If, however, the court
finds there is a substantial probability that the child, who was
under the age of three years on the date of initial removal or is a
member of a sibling group described in paragraph (3) of subdivision
(a) of Section 361.5, may be returned to his or her parent or legal
guardian within six months or that reasonable services have not been
provided, the court shall continue the case to the 12-month
permanency hearing.
For the purpose of placing and maintaining a sibling group
together in a permanent home, the court, in making its determination
to schedule a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 for some or all
members of a sibling group, as described in paragraph (3) of
subdivision (a) of Section 361.5, shall review and consider the
social worker's report and recommendations. Factors the report shall
address, and the court shall consider, may include, but need not be
limited to, whether the sibling group was removed from parental care
as a group, the closeness and strength of the sibling bond, the ages
of the siblings, the appropriateness of maintaining the sibling group
together, the detriment to the child if sibling ties are not
maintained, the likelihood of finding a permanent home for the
sibling group, whether the sibling group is currently placed together
in a preadoptive home or has a concurrent plan goal of legal
permanency in the same home, the wishes of each child whose age and
physical and emotional condition permits a meaningful response, and
the best interest of each child in the sibling group. The court shall
specify the factual basis for its finding that it is in the best
interest of each child to schedule a hearing pursuant to Section
366.26 in 120 days for some or all of the members of the sibling
group.
If the child was removed initially under subdivision (g) of
Section 300 and the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that
the whereabouts of the parent are still unknown, or the parent has
failed to contact and visit the child, the court may schedule a
hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days. If the court
finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has been
convicted of a felony indicating parental unfitness, the court may
schedule a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days.
If the child had been placed under court supervision with a
previously noncustodial parent pursuant to Section 361.2, the court
shall determine whether supervision is still necessary. The court may
terminate supervision and transfer permanent custody to that parent,
as provided for by paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section
361.2.
In all other cases, the court shall direct that any reunification
services previously ordered shall continue to be offered to the
parent or legal guardian pursuant to the time periods set forth in
subdivision (a) of Section 361.5, provided that the court may modify
the terms and conditions of those services.
If the child is not returned to his or her parent or legal
guardian, the court shall determine whether reasonable services that
were designed to aid the parent or legal guardian in overcoming the
problems that led to the initial removal and the continued custody of
the child have been provided or offered to the parent or legal
guardian. The court shall order that those services be initiated,
continued, or terminated.
(f) The permanency hearing shall be held no later than 12 months
after the date the child entered foster care, as that date is
determined pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 361.5. At the
permanency hearing, the court shall determine the permanent plan for
the child, which shall include a determination of whether the child
will be returned to the child's home and, if so, when, within the
time limits of subdivision (a) of Section 361.5. The court shall
order the return of the child to the physical custody of his or her
parent or legal guardian unless the court finds, by a preponderance
of the evidence, that the return of the child to his or her parent or
legal guardian would create a substantial risk of detriment to the
safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being of the child.
The social worker shall have the burden of establishing that
detriment. The court shall also determine whether reasonable services
that were designed to aid the parent or legal guardian to overcome
the problems that led to the initial removal and continued custody of
the child have been provided or offered to the parent or legal
guardian. For each youth 16 years of age and older, the court shall
also determine whether services have been made available to assist
him or her in making the transition from foster care to independent
living. The failure of the parent or legal guardian to participate
regularly and make substantive progress in court-ordered treatment
programs shall be prima facie evidence that return would be
detrimental. In making its determination, the court shall review and
consider the social worker's report and recommendations and the
report and recommendations of any child advocate appointed pursuant
to Section 356.5, shall consider the efforts or progress, or both,
demonstrated by the parent or legal guardian and the extent to which
he or she availed himself or herself of services provided, and shall
make appropriate findings pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 366.
Whether or not the child is returned to his or her parent or legal
guardian, the court shall specify the factual basis for its
decision. If the child is not returned to a parent or legal guardian,
the court shall specify the factual basis for its conclusion that
the return would be detrimental. The court also shall make a finding
pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 366.
(g) If the time period in which the court-ordered services were
provided has met or exceeded the time period set forth in paragraph
(1), (2), or (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 361.5, as appropriate,
and a child is not returned to the custody of a parent or legal
guardian at the permanency hearing held pursuant to subdivision (f),
the court shall do one of the following:
(1) Continue the case for up to six months for a permanency review
hearing, provided that the hearing shall occur within 18 months of
the date the child was originally taken from the physical custody of
his or her parent or legal guardian. The court shall continue the
case only if it finds that there is a substantial probability that
the child will be returned to the physical custody of his or her
parent or legal guardian and safely maintained in the home within the
extended period of time or that reasonable services have not been
provided to the parent or legal guardian. For the purposes of this
section, in order to find a substantial probability that the child
will be returned to the physical custody of his or her parent or
legal guardian and safely maintained in the home within the extended
period of time, the court shall be required to find all of the
following:
(A) That the parent or legal guardian has consistently and
regularly contacted and visited with the child.
(B) That the parent or legal guardian has made significant
progress in resolving problems that led to the child's removal from
the home.
(C) The parent or legal guardian has demonstrated the capacity and
ability both to complete the objectives of his or her treatment plan
and to provide for the child's safety, protection, physical and
emotional well-being, and special needs.
For purposes of this subdivision, the court's decision to continue
the case based on a finding or substantial probability that the
child will be returned to the physical custody of his or her parent
or legal guardian is a compelling reason for determining that a
hearing held pursuant to Section 366.26 is not in the best interests
of the child.
The court shall inform the parent or legal guardian that if the
child cannot be returned home by the next permanency review hearing,
a proceeding pursuant to Section 366.26 may be instituted. The court
may not order that a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 be held
unless there is clear and convincing evidence that reasonable
services have been provided or offered to the parent or legal
guardian.
(2) Order that a hearing be held within 120 days, pursuant to
Section 366.26, but only if the court does not continue the case to
the permanency planning review hearing and there is clear and
convincing evidence that reasonable services have been provided or
offered to the parents or legal guardians.
(3) Order that the child remain in long-term foster care, but only
if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence, based upon the
evidence already presented to it, including a recommendation by the
State Department of Social Services when it is acting as an adoption
agency in counties that are not served by a county adoption agency or
by a licensed county adoption agency, that there is a compelling
reason for determining that a hearing held pursuant to Section 366.26
is not in the best interest of the child because the child is not a
proper subject for adoption and has no one willing to accept legal
guardianship. For purposes of this section, a recommendation by the
State Department of Social Services when it is acting as an adoption
agency in counties that are not served by a county adoption agency or
by a licensed county adoption agency that adoption is not in the
best interest of the child shall constitute a compelling reason for
the court's determination. That recommendation shall be based on the
present circumstances of the child and may not preclude a different
recommendation at a later date if the child's circumstances change.
If the court orders that a child who is 10 years of age or older
remain in long-term foster care, the court shall determine whether
the agency has made reasonable efforts to maintain the child's
relationships with individuals other than the child's siblings who
are important to the child, consistent with the child's best
interests, and may make any appropriate order to ensure that those
relationships are maintained.
(h) In any case in which the court orders that a hearing pursuant
to Section 366.26 shall be held, it shall also order the termination
of reunification services to the parent or legal guardian. The court
shall continue to permit the parent or legal guardian to visit the
child pending the hearing unless it finds that visitation would be
detrimental to the child. The court shall make any other appropriate
orders to enable the child to maintain relationships with
individuals, other than the child's siblings, who are important to
the child, consistent with the child's best interests.
(i) Whenever a court orders that a hearing pursuant to Section
366.26 shall be held, it shall direct the agency supervising the
child and the licensed county adoption agency, or the State
Department of Social Services when it is acting as an adoption agency
in counties that are not served by a county adoption agency, to
prepare an assessment that shall include:
(1) Current search efforts for an absent parent or parents or
legal guardians.
(2) A review of the amount of and nature of any contact between
the child and his or her parents or legal guardians and other members
of his or her extended family since the time of placement. Although
the extended family of each child shall be reviewed on a case-by-case
basis, "extended family" for the purpose of this paragraph shall
include, but not be limited to, the child's siblings, grandparents,
aunts, and uncles.
(3) An evaluation of the child's medical, developmental,
scholastic, mental, and emotional status.
(4) A preliminary assessment of the eligibility and commitment of
any identified prospective adoptive parent or legal guardian,
particularly the caretaker, to include a social history including
screening for criminal records and prior referrals for child abuse or
neglect, the capability to meet the child's needs, and the
understanding of the legal and financial rights and responsibilities
of adoption and guardianship. If a proposed guardian is a relative of
the minor, and the relative was assessed for foster care placement
of the minor prior to January 1, 1998, the assessment shall also
consider, but need not be limited to, all of the factors specified in
subdivision (a) of Section 361.3.
(5) The relationship of the child to any identified prospective
adoptive parent or legal guardian, the duration and character of the
relationship, the motivation for seeking adoption or guardianship,
and a statement from the child concerning placement and the adoption
or guardianship, unless the child's age or physical, emotional, or
other condition precludes his or her meaningful response, and if so,
a description of the condition.
(6) A description of efforts to be made to identify a
prospective adoptive parent or legal guardian, including, but not
limited to, child specific recruitment and listing on an adoption
exchange.
(7) An analysis of the likelihood that the child will be adopted
if parental rights are terminated.
(j) If, at any hearing held pursuant to Section 366.26, a
guardianship is established for the minor with a relative, and
juvenile court dependency is subsequently dismissed, the relative
shall be eligible for aid under the Kin-GAP program as provided in
Article 4.5 (commencing with Section 11360) of Chapter 2 of Part 3 of
Division 9.
(k) As used in this section, "relative" means an adult who is
related to the minor by blood, adoption, or affinity within the fifth
degree of kinship, including stepparents, stepsiblings, and all
relatives whose status is preceded by the words "great,"
"great-great," or "grand," or the spouse of any of those persons even
if the marriage was terminated by death or dissolution.
(l) For purposes of this section, evidence of any of the following
circumstances may not, in and of itself, be deemed a failure to
provide or offer reasonable services:
(1) The child has been placed with a foster family that is
eligible to adopt a child, or has been placed in a preadoptive home.
(2) The case plan includes services to make and finalize a
permanent placement for the child if efforts to reunify fail.
(3) Services to make and finalize a permanent placement for the
child, if efforts to reunify fail, are provided concurrently with
services to reunify the family.
SEC. 4.
SEC. 5. Section 366.22 of the Welfare and Institutions
Code is amended to read:
366.22. (a) When a case has been continued pursuant to paragraph
(1) of subdivision (g) of Section 366.21, the permanency review
hearing shall occur within 18 months after the date the child was
originally removed from the physical custody of his or her parent or
legal guardian. The court shall order the return of the child to the
physical custody of his or her parent or legal guardian unless the
court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the return of
the child to his or her parent or legal guardian would create a
substantial risk of detriment to the safety, protection, or physical
or emotional well-being of the child. The social worker shall have
the burden of establishing that detriment. The failure of the parent
or legal guardian to participate regularly and make substantive
progress in court-ordered treatment programs shall be prima facie
evidence that return would be detrimental. In making its
determination, the court shall review and consider the social worker'
s report and recommendations and the report and recommendations of
any child advocate appointed pursuant to Section 356.5; shall
consider the efforts or progress, or both, demonstrated by the parent
or legal guardian and the extent to which he or she availed himself
or herself of services provided; and shall make appropriate findings
pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 366.
Whether or not the child is returned to his or her parent or legal
guardian, the court shall specify the factual basis for its
decision. If the child is not returned to a parent or legal guardian,
the court shall specify the factual basis for its conclusion that
return would be detrimental.
If the child is not returned to a parent or legal guardian at the
permanency review hearing, the court shall order that a hearing be
held pursuant to Section 366.26 in order to determine whether
adoption, guardianship, or long-term foster care is the most
appropriate plan for the child. However, if the court finds by clear
and convincing evidence, based on the evidence already presented to
it, including a recommendation by the State Department of Social
Services when it is acting as an adoption agency in counties that are
not served by a county adoption agency or by a licensed county
adoption agency, that there is a compelling reason, as described in
paragraph (2) of subdivision (g) of Section 366.21, for determining
that a hearing held under Section 366.26 is not in the best interest
of the child because the child is not a proper subject for adoption
and has no one willing to accept legal guardianship, then the court
may, only under these circumstances, order that the child remain in
foster care. If the court orders that a child who is 10 years of age
or older remain in long-term foster care, the court shall determine
whether the agency has made reasonable efforts to maintain the child'
s relationships with individuals other than the child's siblings who
are important to the child, consistent with the child's best
interests, and may make any appropriate order to ensure that those
relationships are maintained. The hearing shall be held no later than
120 days from the date of the permanency review hearing. The court
shall also order termination of reunification services to the parent
or legal guardian. The court shall continue to permit the parent or
legal guardian to visit the child unless it finds that visitation
would be detrimental to the child. The court shall determine whether
reasonable services have been offered or provided to the parent or
legal guardian. For purposes of this subdivision, evidence of any of
the following circumstances shall not, in and of themselves, be
deemed a failure to provide or offer reasonable services:
(1) The child has been placed with a foster family that is
eligible to adopt a child, or has been placed in a preadoptive home.
(2) The case plan includes services to make and finalize a
permanent placement for the child if efforts to reunify fail.
(3) Services to make and finalize a permanent placement for the
child, if efforts to reunify fail, are provided concurrently with
services to reunify the family.
(b) Whenever a court orders that a hearing pursuant to Section
366.26 shall be held, it shall direct the agency supervising the
child and the licensed county adoption agency, or the State
Department of Social Services when it is acting as an adoption agency
in counties that are not served by a county adoption agency, to
prepare an assessment that shall include:
(1) Current search efforts for an absent parent or parents.
(2) A review of the amount of and nature of any contact between
the child and his or her parents and other members of his or her
extended family since the time of placement. Although the extended
family of each child shall be reviewed on a case-by-case basis,
"extended family" for the purposes of this paragraph shall include,
but not be limited to, the child's siblings, grandparents, aunts, and
uncles.
(3) An evaluation of the child's medical, developmental,
scholastic, mental, and emotional status.
(4) A preliminary assessment of the eligibility and commitment of
any identified prospective adoptive parent or legal guardian,
particularly the caretaker, to include a social history including
screening for criminal records and prior referrals for child abuse or
neglect, the capability to meet the child's needs, and the
understanding of the legal and financial rights and responsibilities
of adoption and guardianship. If a proposed legal guardian is a
relative of the minor, and the relative was assessed for foster care
placement of the minor prior to January 1, 1998, the assessment shall
also consider, but need not be limited to, all of the factors
specified in subdivision (a) of Section 361.3.
(5) The relationship of the child to any identified prospective
adoptive parent or legal guardian, the duration and character of the
relationship, the motivation for seeking adoption or legal
guardianship, and a statement from the child concerning placement and
the adoption or legal guardianship, unless the child's age or
physical, emotional, or other condition precludes his or her
meaningful response, and if so, a description of the condition.
(6) An analysis of the likelihood that the child will be adopted
if parental rights are terminated.
(c) This section shall become operative January 1, 1999. If at any
hearing held pursuant to Section 366.26, a legal guardianship is
established for the minor with a relative, and juvenile court
dependency is subsequently dismissed, the relative shall be eligible
for aid under the Kin-GAP program as provided in Article 4.5
(commencing with Section 11360) of Chapter 2 of Part 3 of Division 9.
(d) As used in this section, "relative" means an adult who is
related to the child by blood, adoption, or affinity within the fifth
degree of kinship, including stepparents, stepsiblings, and all
relatives whose status is preceded by the words "great,"
"great-great," or "grand," or the spouse of any of those persons even
if the marriage was terminated by death or dissolution.
SEC. 5.
SEC. 6. Section 366.26 of the Welfare and Institutions
Code is amended to read:
366.26. (a) This section applies to children who are adjudged
dependent children of the juvenile court pursuant to subdivision (c)
of Section 360. The procedures specified herein are the exclusive
procedures for conducting these hearings; Part 2 (commencing with
Section 3020) of Division 8 of the Family Code is not applicable to
these proceedings. Section 8714.7 of the Family Code is applicable
and available to all dependent children meeting the requirements of
that section, if the postadoption contact agreement has been entered
into voluntarily. For children who are adjudged dependent children of
the juvenile court pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 360, this
section and Sections 8604, 8605, 8606, and 8700 of the Family Code
and Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 7660) of Part 3 of Division 12
of the Family Code specify the exclusive procedures for permanently
terminating parental rights with regard to, or establishing legal
guardianship of, the child while the child is a dependent child of
the juvenile court.
(b) At the hearing, that shall be held in juvenile court for all
children who are dependents of the juvenile court, the court, in
order to provide stable, permanent homes for these children, shall
review the report as specified in Section 361.5, 366.21, or 366.22,
shall indicate that the court has read and considered it, shall
receive other evidence that the parties may present, and then shall
make findings and orders in the following order of preference:
(1) Terminate the rights of the parent or parents and order that
the child be placed for adoption and, upon the filing of a petition
for adoption in the juvenile court, order that a hearing be set. The
court shall proceed with the adoption after the appellate rights of
the natural parents have been exhausted.
(2) On making a finding under paragraph (3) of subdivision (c),
identify adoption as the permanent placement goal and order that
efforts be made to locate an appropriate adoptive family for the
child within a period not to exceed 180 days.
(3) Appoint a legal guardian for the child and order that letters
of guardianship issue.
(4) Order that the child be placed in long-term foster care,
subject to the periodic review of the juvenile court under Section
366.3.
In choosing among the above alternatives the court shall proceed
pursuant to subdivision (c).
(c) (1) If the court determines, based on the assessment provided
as ordered under subdivision (i) of Section 366.21 or subdivision (b)
of Section 366.22, and any other relevant evidence, by a clear and
convincing standard, that it is likely the child will be adopted, the
court shall terminate parental rights and order the child placed for
adoption. The fact that the child is not yet placed in a preadoptive
home nor with a relative or foster family who is prepared to adopt
the child, shall not constitute a basis for the court to conclude
that it is not likely the child will be adopted. A finding under
subdivision (b) or paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) of Section 361.5
that reunification services shall not be offered, under subdivision
(e) of Section 366.21 that the whereabouts of a parent have been
unknown for six months or that the parent has failed to visit or
contact the child for six months or that the parent has been
convicted of a felony indicating parental unfitness, or, under
Section 366.21 or 366.22, that the court has continued to remove the
child from the custody of the parent or guardian and has terminated
reunification services, shall constitute a sufficient basis for
termination of parental rights unless the court finds a compelling
reason for determining that termination would be detrimental to the
child due to one or more of the following circumstances:
(A) The parents or guardians have maintained regular visitation
and contact with the child and the child would benefit from
continuing the relationship.
(B) A child 12 years of age or older objects to termination of
parental rights.
(C) The child is placed in a residential treatment facility,
adoption is unlikely or undesirable, and continuation of parental
rights will not prevent finding the child a permanent family
placement if the parents cannot resume custody when residential care
is no longer needed.
(D) The child is living with a relative or foster parent who is
unable or unwilling to adopt the child because of exceptional
circumstances, that do not include an unwillingness to accept legal
or financial responsibility for the child, but who is willing and
capable of providing the child with a stable and permanent
environment and the removal of the child from the physical custody of
his or her relative or foster parent would be detrimental to the
emotional well-being of the child. This subparagraph does not apply
to any child who is living with a nonrelative and who is either (i)
under six years of age or (ii) a member of a sibling group where at
least one child is under six years of age and the siblings are, or
should be, permanently placed together.
(E) There would be substantial interference with a child's sibling
relationship, taking into consideration the nature and extent of the
relationship, including, but not limited to, whether the child was
raised with a sibling in the same home, whether the child shared
significant common experiences or has existing close and strong bonds
with a sibling, and whether ongoing contact is in the child's best
interest, including the child's long-term emotional interest, as
compared to the benefit of legal permanence through adoption.
If the court finds that termination of parental rights would be
detrimental to the child pursuant to subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D),
or (E), it shall state its reasons in writing or on the record.
(2) The court shall not terminate parental rights if at each and
every hearing at which the court was required to consider reasonable
efforts or services, the court has found that reasonable efforts were
not made or that reasonable services were not offered or provided.
(3) If the court finds that termination of parental rights would
not be detrimental to the child pursuant to paragraph (1) and that
the child has a probability for adoption but is difficult to place
for adoption and there is no identified or available prospective
adoptive parent, the court may identify adoption as the permanent
placement goal and without terminating parental rights, order that
efforts be made to locate an appropriate adoptive family for the
child within a period not to exceed 180 days. During this 180-day
period, the public agency responsible for seeking adoptive parents
for each child shall, to the extent possible, ask each child who is
10 years of age or older, to identify any individuals, other than the
child's siblings, who are important to the child, in order to
identify potential adoptive parents. The public agency may ask any
other child to provide that information, as appropriate. During the
180-day period, the public agency shall, to the extent possible,
contact other private and public adoption agencies regarding the
availability of the child for adoption. During the 180-day period,
the public agency shall conduct the search for adoptive parents in
the same manner as prescribed for children in Sections 8708 and 8709
of the Family Code. At the expiration of this period, another hearing
shall be held and the court shall proceed pursuant to paragraph (1)
or (3) of subdivision (b). For purposes of this section, a child may
only be found to be difficult to place for adoption if there is no
identified or available prospective adoptive parent for the child
because of the child's membership in a sibling group, or the presence
of a diagnosed medical, physical, or mental handicap, or the child
is the age of seven years or more.
(4) (A) If the court finds that adoption of the child or
termination of parental rights is not in the best interest of the
child, because one of the conditions in subparagraph (A), (B), (C),
(D), or (E) of paragraph (1) or in paragraph (2) applies, the court
shall either order that the present caretakers or other appropriate
persons shall become legal guardians of the child or order that the
child remain in long-term foster care. Legal guardianship shall be
considered before long-term foster care, if it is in the best
interests of the child and if a suitable guardian can be found. A
child who is 10 years of age or older, shall be asked to identify any
individuals, other than the child's siblings, who are important to
the child, in order to identify potential guardians. The agency may
ask any other child to provide that information, as appropriate.
(B) If the child is living with a relative or a foster parent who
is willing and capable of providing a stable and permanent
environment, but not willing to become a legal guardian, the child
shall not be removed from the home if the court finds the removal
would be seriously detrimental to the emotional well-being of the
child because the child has substantial psychological ties to the
relative caretaker or foster parents.
(C) The court shall also make an order for visitation with the
parents or guardians unless the court finds by a preponderance of the
evidence that the visitation would be detrimental to the physical or
emotional well-being of the child.
(5) If the court finds that the child should not be placed for
adoption, that legal guardianship shall not be established, and that
there are no suitable foster parents except exclusive-use homes
available to provide the child with a stable and permanent
environment, the court may order the care, custody, and control of
the child transferred from the county welfare department to a
licensed foster family agency. The court shall consider the written
recommendation of the county welfare director regarding the
suitability of the transfer. The transfer shall be subject to further
court orders.
The licensed foster family agency shall place the child in a
suitable licensed or exclusive-use home that has been certified by
the agency as meeting licensing standards. The licensed foster family
agency shall be responsible for supporting the child and providing
appropriate services to the child, including those services ordered
by the court. Responsibility for the support of the child shall not,
in and of itself, create liability on the part of the foster family
agency to third persons injured by the child. Those children whose
care, custody, and control are transferred to a foster family agency
shall not be eligible for foster care maintenance payments or child
welfare services, except for emergency response services pursuant to
Section 16504.
(d) The proceeding for the appointment of a guardian for a child
who is a dependent of the juvenile court shall be in the juvenile
court. If the court finds pursuant to this section that legal
guardianship is the appropriate permanent plan, it shall appoint the
legal guardian and issue letters of guardianship. The assessment
prepared pursuant to subdivision (g) of Section 361.5, subdivision
(i) of Section 366.21, and subdivision (b) of Section 366.22 shall be
read and considered by the court prior to the appointment, and this
shall be reflected in the minutes of the court. The person preparing
the assessment may be called and examined by any party to the
proceeding.
(e) The proceeding for the adoption of a child who is a dependent
of the juvenile court shall be in the juvenile court if the court
finds pursuant to this section that adoption is the appropriate
permanent plan and the petition for adoption is filed in the juvenile
court. Upon the filing of a petition for adoption, the juvenile
court shall order that an adoption hearing be set. The court shall
proceed with the adoption after the appellate rights of the natural
parents have been exhausted. The full report required by Section 8715
of the Family Code shall be read and considered by the court prior
to the adoption and this shall be reflected in the minutes of the
court. The person preparing the report may be called and examined by
any party to the proceeding. It is the intent of the Legislature,
pursuant to this subdivision, to give potential adoptive parents the
option of filing in the juvenile court the petition for the adoption
of a child who is a dependent of the juvenile court. Nothing in this
section is intended to prevent the filing of a petition for adoption
in any other court as permitted by law, instead of in the juvenile
court.
(f) At the beginning of any proceeding pursuant to this section,
if the child or the parents are not being represented by previously
retained or appointed counsel, the court shall proceed as follows:
(1) In accordance with subdivision (c) of Section 317, if a child
before the court is without counsel, the court shall appoint counsel
unless the court finds that the child would not benefit from the
appointment of counsel. The court shall state on the record its
reasons for that finding.
(2) If a parent appears without counsel and is unable to afford
counsel, the court shall appoint counsel for the parent, unless this
representation is knowingly and intelligently waived. The same
counsel shall not be appointed to represent both the child and his or
her parent. The public defender or private counsel may be appointed
as counsel for the parent.
(3) Private counsel appointed under this section shall receive a
reasonable sum for compensation and expenses, the amount of which
shall be determined by the court. The amount shall be paid by the
real parties in interest, other than the child, in any proportions
the court deems just. However, if the court finds that any of the
real parties in interest are unable to afford counsel, the amount
shall be paid out of the general fund of the county.
(g) The court may continue the proceeding for not to exceed 30
days as necessary to appoint counsel, and to enable counsel to become
acquainted with the case.
(h) (1) At all proceedings under this section, the court shall
consider the wishes of the child and shall act in the best interests
of the child.
(2) In accordance with Section 349, the child shall be present in
court if the child or the child's counsel so requests or the court so
orders. If the child is 10 years of age or older and is not present
at a hearing held pursuant to this section, the court shall determine
whether the minor was properly notified of his or her right to
attend the hearing and inquire as to the reason why the child is not
present.
(3) (A) The testimony of the child may be taken in chambers and
outside the presence of the child's parent or parents, if the child's
parent or parents are represented by counsel, the counsel is
present, and any of the following circumstances exist:
(i) The court determines that testimony in chambers is necessary
to ensure truthful testimony.
(ii) The child is likely to be intimidated by a formal courtroom
setting.
(iii) The child is afraid to testify in front of his or her parent
or parents.
(B) After testimony in chambers, the parent or parents of the
child may elect to have the court reporter read back the testimony or
have the testimony summarized by counsel for the parent or parents.
(C) The testimony of a child also may be taken in chambers and
outside the presence of the guardian or guardians of a child under
the circumstances specified in this subdivision.
(i) Any order of the court permanently terminating parental rights
under this section shall be conclusive and binding upon the child,
upon the parent or parents and upon all other persons who have been
served with citation by publication or otherwise as provided in this
chapter. After making the order, the court shall have no power to set
aside, change, or modify it, but nothing in this section shall be
construed to limit the right to appeal the order.
(j) If the court, by order or judgment, declares the child free
from the custody and control of both parents, or one parent if the
other does not have custody and control, the court shall at the same
time order the child referred to the State Department of Social
Services or a licensed adoption agency for adoptive placement by the
agency. However, a petition for adoption may not be granted until the
appellate rights of the natural parents have been exhausted. The
State Department of Social Services or licensed adoption agency shall
be responsible for the custody and supervision of the child and
shall be entitled to the exclusive care and control of the child at
all times until a petition for adoption is granted. With the consent
of the agency, the court may appoint a guardian of the child, who
shall serve until the child is adopted.
(k) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the application of
any person who, as a relative caretaker or foster parent, has cared
for a dependent child for whom the court has approved a permanent
plan for adoption, or who has been freed for adoption, shall be given
preference with respect to that child over all other applications
for adoptive placement if the agency making the placement determines
that the child has substantial emotional ties to the relative
caretaker or foster parent and removal from the relative caretaker or
foster parent would be seriously detrimental to the child's
emotional well-being.
As used in this subdivision, "preference" means that the
application shall be processed and, if satisfactory, the family study
shall be completed before the processing of the application of any
other person for the adoptive placement of the child.
(l) (1) An order by the court that a hearing pursuant to this
section be held is not appealable at any time unless all of the
following applies:
(A) A petition for extraordinary writ review was filed in a
timely manner.
(B) The petition substantively addressed the specific issues to be
challenged and supported that challenge by an adequate record.
(C) The petition for extraordinary writ review was summarily
denied or otherwise not decided on the merits.
(2) Failure to file a petition for extraordinary writ review
within the period specified by rule, to substantively address the
specific issues challenged, or to support that challenge by an
adequate record shall preclude subsequent review by appeal of the
findings and orders made pursuant to this section.
(3) The Judicial Council shall adopt rules of court, effective
January 1, 1995, to ensure all of the following:
(A) A trial court, after issuance of an order directing a hearing
pursuant to this section be held, shall advise all parties of the
requirement of filing a petition for extraordinary writ review as set
forth in this subdivision in order to preserve any right to appeal
in these issues. This notice shall be made orally to a party if the
party is present at the time of the making of the order or by
first-class mail by the clerk of the court to the last known address
of a party not present at the time of the making of the order.
(B) The prompt transmittal of the records from the trial court to
the appellate court.
(C) That adequate time requirements for counsel and court
personnel exist to implement the objective of this subdivision.
(D) That the parent or guardian, or their trial counsel or other
counsel, is charged with the responsibility of filing a petition for
extraordinary writ relief pursuant to this subdivision.
(4) The intent of this subdivision is to do both of the following:
(A) Make every reasonable attempt to achieve a substantive and
meritorious review by the appellate court within the time specified
in Sections 366.21 and 366.22 for holding a hearing pursuant to this
section.
(B) Encourage the appellate court to determine all writ petitions
filed pursuant to this subdivision on their merits.
(5) This subdivision shall only apply to cases in which an order
to set a hearing pursuant to this section is issued on or after
January 1, 1995.
(m) Except for subdivision (j), this section shall also apply to
minors adjudged wards pursuant to Section 727.31.
SEC. 6.
SEC. 7. Section 366.3 of the Welfare and Institutions
Code is amended to read:
366.3. (a) If a juvenile court orders a permanent plan of
adoption or legal guardianship pursuant to Section 360 or 366.26, the
court shall retain jurisdiction over the child until the child is
adopted or the legal guardianship is established, except as provided
for in Section 366.29. The status of the child shall be reviewed
every six months to ensure that the adoption or legal guardianship is
completed as expeditiously as possible. When the adoption of the
child has been granted, the court shall terminate its jurisdiction
over the child. Following establishment of a legal guardianship, the
court may continue jurisdiction over the child as a dependent child
of the juvenile court or may terminate its dependency jurisdiction
and retain jurisdiction over the child as a ward of the legal
guardianship, as authorized by Section 366.4. If, however, a relative
of the child is appointed the legal guardian of the child and the
child has been placed with the relative for at least 12 months, the
court shall, except if the relative guardian objects, or upon a
finding of exceptional circumstances, terminate its dependency
jurisdiction and retain jurisdiction over the child as a ward of the
guardianship, as authorized by Section 366.4. Following a termination
of parental rights the parent or parents shall not be a party to, or
receive notice of, any subsequent proceedings regarding the child.
(b) If the court has dismissed dependency jurisdiction following
the establishment of a legal guardianship, or no dependency
jurisdiction attached because of the granting of a legal guardianship
pursuant to Section 360, and the legal guardianship is subsequently
revoked or otherwise terminated, the county department of social
services or welfare department shall notify the juvenile court of
this fact. The court may vacate its previous order dismissing
dependency jurisdiction over the child.
Notwithstanding Section 1601 of the Probate Code, the proceedings
to terminate a legal guardianship that has been granted pursuant to
Section 360 or 366.26 shall be held in the juvenile court, unless the
termination is due to the emancipation or adoption of the child.
Prior to the hearing on a petition to terminate legal guardianship
pursuant to this paragraph, the court shall order the county
department of social services or welfare department to prepare a
report, for the court's consideration, that shall include an
evaluation of whether the child could safely remain in the legal
guardian's home, without terminating the legal guardianship, if
services were provided to the child or legal guardian. If applicable,
the report shall also identify recommended services to maintain the
legal guardianship and set forth a plan for providing those services.
If the petition to terminate legal guardianship is granted, the
juvenile court may resume dependency jurisdiction over the child, and
may order the county department of social services or welfare
department to develop a new permanent plan, which shall be presented
to the court within 60 days of the termination. If no dependency
jurisdiction has attached, the social worker shall make any
investigation he or she deems necessary to determine whether the
child may be within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court, as
provided in Section 328.
Unless the parental rights of the child's parent or parents have
been terminated, they shall be notified that the legal guardianship
has been revoked or terminated and shall be entitled to participate
in the new permanency planning hearing. The court shall try to place
the child in another permanent placement. At the hearing, the parents
may be considered as custodians but the child shall not be returned
to the parent or parents unless they prove, by a preponderance of the
evidence, that reunification is the best alternative for the child.
The court may, if it is in the best interests of the child, order
that reunification services again be provided to the parent or
parents.
(c) If, following the establishment of a legal guardianship, the
county welfare department becomes aware of changed circumstances that
indicate adoption may be an appropriate plan for the child, the
department shall so notify the court. The court may vacate its
previous order dismissing dependency jurisdiction over the child and
order that a hearing be held pursuant to Section 366.26 to determine
whether adoption or continued legal guardianship is the most
appropriate plan for the child. The hearing shall be held no later
than 120 days from the date of the order. If the court orders that a
hearing shall be held pursuant to Section 366.26, the court shall
direct the agency supervising the child and the licensed county
adoption agency, or the State Department of Social Services if it is
acting as an adoption agency in counties that are not served by a
county adoption agency, to prepare an assessment under subdivision
(b) of Section 366.22.
(d) If the child is in a placement other than the home of a legal
guardian and jurisdiction has not been dismissed, the status of the
child shall be reviewed at least every six months. The review of the
status of a child for whom the court has ordered parental rights
terminated and who has been ordered placed for adoption shall be
conducted by the court. The review of the status of a child for whom
the court has not ordered parental rights terminated and who has not
been ordered placed for adoption may be conducted by the court or an
appropriate local agency. The court shall conduct the review under
the following circumstances:
(1) Upon the request of the child's parents or legal guardians.
(2) Upon the request of the child.
(3) It has been 12 months since a hearing held pursuant to Section
366.26 or an order that the child remain in long-term foster care
pursuant to Section 366.21, 366.22, 366.26, or subdivision (g).
(4) It has been 12 months since a review was conducted by the
court.
The court shall determine whether or not reasonable efforts to
make and finalize a permanent placement for the child have been made.
(e) Except as provided in subdivision (f), at the review held
every six months pursuant to subdivision (d), the reviewing body
shall inquire about the progress being made to provide a permanent
home for the child, shall consider the safety of the child, and shall
determine all of the following:
(1) The continuing necessity for and appropriateness of the
placement.
(2) Identification of individuals other than the child's siblings
who are important to a child who is 10 years of age or older and has
been in out-of-home placement for six months or longer, and actions
necessary to maintain the child's relationship with those
individuals, provided that those relationships are in the best
interest of the child. The social worker shall ask every child who
is 10 years of age or older and who has been in out-of-home placement
for six months or longer to identify individuals other than the
child's siblings who are important to the child, and may ask any
other child to provide that information, as appropriate. The social
worker shall make efforts to identify other individuals who are
important to the child, consistent with the child's best interests.
(3) The continuing appropriateness and extent of compliance with
the permanent plan for the child, including efforts to maintain
relationships between a child who is 10 years of age or older and who
has been in out-of-home placement for six months or longer and
individuals who are important to the child and efforts to identify a
prospective adoptive parent or legal guardian, including, but not
limited to, child specific recruitment efforts and listing on an
adoption exchange.
(4) The extent of the agency's compliance with the child welfare
services case plan in making reasonable efforts to return the child
to a safe home and to complete whatever steps are necessary to
finalize the permanent placement of the child.
(5) Whether there should be any limitation on the right of the
parent or guardian to make educational decisions for the child. That
limitation shall be specifically addressed in the court order and may
not exceed what is necessary to protect the child. If the court
specifically limits the right of the parent or guardian to make
educational decisions for the child, the court shall at the same time
appoint a responsible adult to make educational decisions for the
child pursuant to Section 361.
(6) The adequacy of services provided to the child. The court
shall consider the progress in providing the information and
documents to the child, as described in Section 391. The court shall
also consider the need for, and progress in providing, the assistance
and services described in paragraphs (3) and (4) of subdivision (b)
of Section 391.
(7) The extent of progress the parents or legal guardians have
made toward alleviating or mitigating the causes necessitating
placement in foster care.
(8) The likely date by which the child may be returned to and
safely maintained in the home, placed for adoption, legal
guardianship, or in another planned permanent living arrangement.
(9) Whether the child has any siblings under the court's
jurisdiction, and, if any siblings exist, all of the following:
(A) The nature of the relationship between the child and his or
her siblings.
(B) The appropriateness of developing or maintaining the sibling
relationships pursuant to Section 16002.
(C) If the siblings are not placed together in the same home, why
the siblings are not placed together and what efforts are being made
to place the siblings together, or why those efforts are not
appropriate.
(D) If the siblings are not placed together, the frequency and
nature of the visits between siblings.
(E) The impact of the sibling relationships on the child's
placement and planning for legal permanence.
The factors the court may consider as indicators of the nature of
the child's sibling relationships include, but are not limited to,
whether the siblings were raised together in the same home, whether
the siblings have shared significant common experiences or have
existing close and strong bonds, whether either sibling expresses a
desire to visit or live with his or her sibling, as applicable, and
whether ongoing contact is in the child's best emotional interests.
(10) For a child who is 16 years of age or older, the services
needed to assist the child to make the transition from foster care to
independent living.
The reviewing body shall determine whether or not reasonable
efforts to make and finalize a permanent placement for the child have
been made.
Each licensed foster family agency shall submit reports for each
child in its care, custody, and control to the court concerning the
continuing appropriateness and extent of compliance with the child's
permanent plan, the extent of compliance with the case plan, and the
type and adequacy of services provided to the child.
Unless their parental rights have been permanently terminated, the
parent or parents of the child are entitled to receive notice of,
and participate in, those hearings. It shall be presumed that
continued care is in the best interests of the child, unless the
parent or parents prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that
further efforts at reunification are the best alternative for the
child. In those cases, the court may order that further reunification
services to return the child to a safe home environment be provided
to the parent or parents for a period not to exceed six months.
(f) At the review conducted by the court and held at least every
six months, regarding a child for whom the court has ordered parental
rights terminated and who has been ordered placed for adoption, the
county welfare department shall prepare and present to the court a
report describing the following:
(1) The child's present placement.
(2) The child's current physical, mental, emotional, and
educational status.
(3) If the child has not been placed with a prospective adoptive
parent or guardian, identification of individuals, other than the
child's siblings, who are important to the child and actions
necessary to maintain the child's relationship with those
individuals, provided that those relationships are in the best
interest of the child. The agency shall ask every child who is 10
years of age or older to identify any individuals who are important
to him or her, consistent with the child's best interest, and may ask
any child who is younger than 10 years of age to provide that
information as appropriate. The agency shall make efforts to identify
other individuals who are important to the child.
(4) Whether the child has been placed with a prospective adoptive
parent or parents.
(5) Whether an adoptive placement agreement has been signed and
filed.
(6) If the child has not been placed with a prospective adoptive
parent or parents, the efforts made to identify an appropriate
prospective adoptive parent or legal guardian, including, but not
limited to, child specific recruitment efforts and listing on an
adoption exchange.
(7) Whether the final adoption order should include provisions for
postadoptive sibling contact pursuant to Section 366.29.
(8) The progress of the search for an adoptive placement if one
has not been identified.
(9) Any impediments to the adoption or the adoptive placement.
(10) The anticipated date by which the child will be adopted, or
placed in an adoptive home.
(11) The anticipated date by which an adoptive placement agreement
will be signed.
(12) Recommendations for court orders that will assist in the
placement of the child for adoption or in the finalization of the
adoption.
The court shall determine whether or not reasonable efforts to
make and finalize a permanent placement for the child have been made.
The court shall make appropriate orders to protect the stability
of the child and to facilitate and expedite the permanent placement
and adoption of the child.
(g) At the review held pursuant to subdivision (d) for a child in
long-term foster care, the court shall consider all permanency
planning options for the child including whether the child should be
returned to the home of the parent, placed for adoption, or appointed
a legal guardian, or, if compelling reasons exist for finding that
none of the foregoing options are in the best interest of the child,
whether the child should be placed in another planned permanent
living arrangement. The court shall order that a hearing be held
pursuant to Section 366.26 unless it determines by clear and
convincing evidence, that there is a compelling reason for
determining that a hearing held pursuant to Section 366.26 is not in
the best interest of the child because the child is being returned to
the home of the parent, the child is not a proper subject for
adoption, or no one is willing to accept legal guardianship. If the
licensed county adoption agency, or the department when it is acting
as an adoption agency in counties that are not served by a county
adoption agency, has determined it is unlikely that the child will be
adopted or one of the conditions described in paragraph (1) of
subdivision (c) of Section 366.26 applies, that fact shall constitute
a compelling reason for purposes of this subdivision. Only upon that
determination may the court order that the child remain in foster
care, without holding a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26.
(h) If, as authorized by subdivision (g), the court orders a
hearing pursuant to Section 366.26, the court shall direct the agency
supervising the child and the licensed county adoption agency, or
the State Department of Social Services when it is acting as an
adoption agency in counties that are not served by a county adoption
agency, to prepare an assessment as provided for in subdivision (i)
of Section 366.21 or subdivision (b) of Section 366.22. A hearing
held pursuant to Section 366.26 shall be held no later than 120 days
from the date of the 12-month review at which it is ordered, and at
that hearing the court shall determine whether adoption, legal
guardianship, or long-term foster care is the most appropriate plan
for the child.
SEC. 8 Section 16001.9 of the Welfare and
Institutions Code is amended to read:
16001.9. (a) It is the policy of the state that all children in
foster care shall have the following rights:
(1) To live in a safe, healthy, and comfortable home where he or
she is treated with respect.
(2) To be free from physical, sexual, emotional, or other abuse,
or corporal punishment.
(3) To receive adequate and healthy food, adequate clothing, and,
for youth in group homes, an allowance.
(4) To receive medical, dental, vision, and mental health
services.
(5) To be free of the administration of medication or chemical
substances, unless authorized by a physician.
(6) To contact family members, unless prohibited by court order,
and social workers, attorneys, foster youth advocates and supporters,
Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA), and probation officers.
(7) To visit and contact brothers and sisters, unless prohibited
by court order.
(8) To contact the Community Care Licensing Division of the State
Department of Social Services or the State Foster Care Ombudsperson
regarding violations of rights, to speak to representatives of these
offices confidentially, and to be free from threats or punishment for
making complaints.
(9) To make and receive confidential telephone calls and send and
receive unopened mail, unless prohibited by court order.
(10) To attend religious services and activities of his or her
choice.
(11) To maintain an emancipation bank account and manage personal
income, consistent with the child's age and developmental level,
unless prohibited by the case plan.
(12) To not be locked in any room, building, or facility premises,
unless placed in a community treatment facility.
(13) To attend school and participate in extracurricular,
cultural, and personal enrichment activities, consistent with the
child's age and developmental level.
(14) To work and develop job skills at an age-appropriate level
that is consistent with state law.
(15) To have social contacts with people outside of the foster
care system, such as teachers, church members, mentors, and friends.
(16) To attend Independent Living Program classes and activities
if he or she meets age requirements.
(17) To attend court hearings and speak to the judge.
(18) To have storage space for private use.
(19) To be involved in the development of his or
her own case plan and plan for permanent placement.
(20) To review his or her own case plan if
he or she is over 12 years of age or older
and to receive information about his or her out-of-home
placement and case plan, including being told of changes to the plan.
(20)
(21) To be free from unreasonable searches of personal
belongings.
(21)
(22) To confidentiality of all juvenile court records
consistent with existing law.
(22)
(23) To have fair and equal access to all available
services, placement, care, treatment, and benefits, and to not be
subjected to discrimination or harassment on the basis of actual or
perceived race, ethnic group identification, ancestry, national
origin, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity,
mental or physical disability, or HIV status.
(23)
(24) At 16 years of age or older, to have access to
existing information regarding the educational options available,
including, but not limited to, the coursework necessary for
vocational and postsecondary educational programs, and information
regarding financial aid for postsecondary education.
(b) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to require a
foster care provider to take any action that would impair the health
and safety of children in out-of-home placement.
(c) The State Department of Social Services and each county
welfare department are encouraged to work with the Student Aid
Commission, the University of California, the California State
University, and the California Community Colleges to receive
information pursuant to paragraph (23) of subdivision (a).
SEC. 9 Section 16500.1 of the Welfare and
Institutions Code is amended to read:
16500.1. (a) It is the intent of the Legislature to use the
strengths of families and communities to serve the needs of children
who are alleged to be abused or neglected, as described in Section
300, to reduce the necessity for removing these children from their
home, to encourage speedy reunification of families when it can be
safely accomplished, to locate permanent homes and families for
children who cannot return to their biological families, to reduce
the number of placements experienced by these children, to ensure
that children leaving the foster care system have support within
their communities, to improve the quality and homelike nature of
out-of-home care, and to foster the educational progress of children
in out-of-home care.
(b) In order to achieve the goals specified in subdivision (a),
the state shall encourage the development of approaches to child
protection that do all of the following:
(1) Allow children to remain in their own schools, in close
proximity to their families.
(2) Increase the number and quality of foster families available
to serve these children.
(3) Use a team approach to foster care that permits the biological
and foster family and the child to be part of that team.
(4) Use team decisionmaking in case planning.
(5) Provide support to foster children and foster families.
(6) Ensure that licensing requirements do not create barriers to
recruitment of qualified, high quality foster homes.
(7) Provide training for foster parents and professional staff on
working effectively with families and communities.
(8) Encourage foster parents to serve as mentors and role models
for biological parents.
(9) Use community resources, including community-based agencies
and volunteer organizations, to assist in developing placements for
children and to provide support for children and their families.
(10) Ensure an appropriate array of placement resources for
children in need of out-of-home care.
(11) Ensure that no child leaves foster care without a life-long
connection to a committed adult.
(12) Ensure that children are actively involved in the case plan
and permanency planning process.
(c) In carrying out the requirements of subdivision (b), the
department shall do all of the following:
(1) Consider the existing array of program models provided in
statute and in practice, including, but not limited to, wraparound
services, as defined in Section 18251, children's systems of care, as
provided for in Section 5852, the Oregon Family Unity or Santa Clara
County Family Conference models, which include family conferences at
key points in the casework process, such as when out-of-home
placement or return home are considered, and the Annie E. Casey
Foundation Family to Family initiative, which uses team
decisionmaking in case planning, community-based placement practices
requiring that children be placed in foster care in the communities
where they resided prior to placement, and involve foster families as
team members in family reunification efforts.
(2) Ensure that emergency response services, family maintenance
services, family reunification services, and permanent placement
services are coordinated with the implementation of the models
described in paragraph (1).
(3) Ensure consistency between child welfare services program
regulations and the program models described in paragraph (1).
(d) The department, in conjunction with stakeholders, including,
but not limited to, county child welfare services agencies, foster
parent and group home associations, the California Youth Connection,
and other child advocacy groups, shall review the existing child
welfare services program regulations to ensure that these regulations
are consistent with the
legislative intent specified in subdivision (a). This review shall
also determine how to incorporate the best practice guidelines for
assessment of children and families receiving child welfare and
foster care services, as required by Section 16501.2.
(e) The department shall report to the Legislature on the results
of the actions taken under this section on or before January 1, 2002.
SEC. 7.
SEC. 10. Section 16501.1 of the Welfare and
Institutions Code is amended to read:
16501.1. (a) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that the
foundation and central unifying tool in child welfare services is the
case plan.
(2) The Legislature further finds and declares that a case plan
ensures that the child receives protection and safe and proper care
and case management, and that services are provided to the child and
parents or other caretakers, as appropriate, in order to improve
conditions in the parent's home, to facilitate the safe return of the
child to a safe home or the permanent placement of the child, and to
address the needs of the child while in foster care.
(b) (1) A case plan shall be based upon the principles of this
section and shall document that a preplacement assessment of the
service needs of the child and family, and preplacement preventive
services, have been provided, and that reasonable efforts to prevent
out-of-home placement have been made.
(2) In determining the reasonable services to be offered or
provided, the child's health and safety shall be the paramount
concerns.
(3) Reasonable services shall be offered or provided to make it
possible for a child to return to a safe home environment, unless,
pursuant to subdivisions (b) and (e) of Section 361.5, the court
determines that reunification services shall not be provided.
(4) If reasonable services are not ordered, or are terminated,
reasonable efforts shall be made to place the child in a timely
manner in accordance with the permanent plan and to complete all
steps necessary to finalize the permanent placement of the child.
(c) (1) If out-of-home placement is used to attain case plan
goals, the decision regarding choice of placement shall be based upon
selection of a safe setting that is the least restrictive or most
familylike and the most appropriate setting that is available and in
close proximity to the parent's home, proximity to the child's
school, consistent with the selection of the environment best suited
to meet the child's special needs and best interests, or both. The
selection shall consider, in order of priority, placement with
relatives, tribal members, and foster family, group care, and
residential treatment pursuant to Section 7950 of the Family Code.
(2) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (1), and taking
into account other statutory considerations regarding placement, the
selection of the most appropriate home that will meet the child's
special needs and best interests shall also promote educational
stability by taking into consideration proximity to the child's
school attendance area.
(d) A written case plan shall be completed within a maximum of 60
days of the initial removal of the child or of the in-person response
required under subdivision (f) of Section 16501 if the child has not
been removed from his or her home, or by the date of the
dispositional hearing pursuant to Section 358, whichever occurs
first. The case plan shall be updated, as the service needs of the
child and family dictate. At a minimum, the case plan shall be
updated in conjunction with each status review hearing conducted
pursuant to Section 366.21, and the hearing conducted pursuant to
Section 366.26, but no less frequently than once every six months.
Each updated case plan shall include a description of the services
that have been provided to the child under the plan and an evaluation
of the appropriateness and effectiveness of those services.
(1) It is the intent of the Legislature that extending the maximum
time available for preparing a written case plan from 30 to 60 days
will afford caseworkers time to actively engage families, and to
solicit and integrate into the case plan the input of the child and
the child's family, as well as the input of relatives and other
interested parties.
(2) The extension of the maximum time available for preparing a
written case plan from the 30 to 60 days shall be effective 90 days
after the date that the department gives counties written notice that
necessary changes have been made to the Child Welfare Services Case
Management System to account for the 60-day timeframe for preparing a
written case plan.
(e) The child welfare services case plan shall be comprehensive
enough to meet the juvenile court dependency proceedings requirements
pursuant to Article 6 (commencing with Section 300) of Chapter 2 of
Part 1 of Division 2.
(f) The case plan shall be developed as follows:
(1) The case plan shall be based upon an assessment of the
circumstances that required child welfare services intervention. The
child shall be involved in developing the case plan as age, and
developmentally, appropriate.
(2) The case plan shall identify specific goals and the
appropriateness of the planned services in meeting those goals.
(3) The case plan shall identify the original allegations of abuse
or neglect, as defined in Article 2.5 (commencing with Section
11164) of Chapter 2 of Title 1 of Part 4 of the Penal Code, or the
conditions cited as the basis for declaring the child a dependent of
the court pursuant to Section 300, or all of these, and the other
precipitating incidents that led to child welfare services
intervention.
(4) The case plan shall include a description of the schedule of
the social worker contacts with the child and the family or other
caretakers. The frequency of these contacts shall be in accordance
with regulations adopted by the State Department of Social Services.
If the child has been placed in foster care out of state, the county
social worker or a social worker on the staff of the social services
agency in the state in which the child has been placed shall visit
the child in a foster family home or the home of a relative at least
every 12 months and submit a report to the court on each visit. For
children in out-of-state group home facilities, visits shall be
conducted at least monthly, pursuant to Section 16516.5. At least
once every six months, at the time of a regularly scheduled social
worker contact with the foster child, the child's social worker shall
inform the child of his or her rights as a foster child, as
specified in Section 16001.9. The social worker shall provide the
information to the child in a manner appropriate to the age or
developmental level of the child.
(5) (A) When out-of-home services are used, the frequency of
contact between the natural parents or legal guardians and the child
shall be specified in the case plan. The frequency of those contacts
shall reflect overall case goals, and consider other principles
outlined in this section.
(B) Information regarding any court-ordered visitation between the
child and the natural parents or legal guardians, and the terms and
conditions needed to facilitate the visits while protecting the
safety of the child, shall be provided to the child's out-of-home
caregiver as soon as possible after the court order is made.
(6) When out-of-home placement is made, the case plan shall
include provisions for the development and maintenance of sibling
relationships as specified in subdivisions (b), (c), and (d) of
Section 16002. If appropriate, when siblings who are dependents of
the juvenile court are not placed together, the social worker for
each child, if different, shall communicate with each of the other
social workers and ensure that the child's siblings are informed of
significant life events that occur within their extended family.
Unless it has been determined that it is inappropriate in a
particular case to keep siblings informed of significant life events
that occur within the extended family, the social worker shall
determine the appropriate means and setting for disclosure of this
information to the child commensurate with the child's age and
emotional well-being. These significant life events shall include,
but shall not be limited to, the following:
(A) The death of an immediate relative.
(B) The birth of a sibling.
(C) Significant changes regarding a dependent child, unless the
child objects to the sharing of the information with his or her
siblings, including changes in placement, major medical or mental
health diagnoses, treatments, or hospitalizations, arrests, and
changes in the permanent plan.
(7) If out-of-home placement is made in a foster family home,
group home or other child care institution that is either a
substantial distance from the home of the child's parent or out of
state, the case plan shall specify the reasons why that placement is
in the best interest of the child. When an out-of-state group home
placement is recommended or made, the case plan shall, in addition,
specify compliance with Section 7911.1 of the Family Code.
(8) (A) If out-of-home services are used, or if parental rights
have been terminated and the case plan is placement for adoption, the
case plan shall include a recommendation regarding the
appropriateness of unsupervised visitation between the child and any
of the child's siblings. This recommendation shall include a
statement regarding the child's and the siblings' willingness to
participate in unsupervised visitation. If the case plan includes a
recommendation for unsupervised sibling visitation, the plan shall
also note that information necessary to accomplish this visitation
has been provided to the child or to the child's siblings.
(B) Information regarding the schedule and frequency of the visits
between the child and siblings, as well as any court-ordered terms
and conditions needed to facilitate the visits while protecting the
safety of the child, shall be provided to the child's out-of-home
caregiver as soon as possible after the court order is made.
(9) If out-of-home services are used and the goal is
reunification, the case plan shall describe the services to be
provided to assist in reunification and the services to be provided
concurrently to achieve legal permanency if efforts to reunify fail.
The plan shall also consider the importance of developing and
maintaining sibling relationships pursuant to Section 16002, and the
desire and willingness of the caregiver to provide legal permanency
for the child if reunification is unsuccessful.
(10) If out-of-home services are used, the child has been in care
for at least 12 months, and the goal is not adoptive placement, the
case plan shall include documentation of the compelling reason or
reasons why termination of parental rights is not in the child's best
interest. A determination completed or updated within the past 12
months by the department when it is acting as an adoption agency or
by a licensed adoption agency that it is unlikely that the child will
be adopted, or that one of the conditions described in paragraph (1)
of subdivision (c) of Section 366.26 applies, shall be deemed a
compelling reason.
(11) (A) Parents and legal guardians shall have an opportunity to
review the case plan, and to sign it whenever possible, and then
shall receive a copy of the plan. In any voluntary service or
placement agreement, the parents or legal guardians shall be required
to review and sign the case plan. Whenever possible, parents and
legal guardians shall participate in the development of the case
plan.
(B) Parents and legal guardians shall be advised that, pursuant to
Section 1228.1 of the Evidence Code, neither their signature on the
child welfare services case plan nor their acceptance of any services
prescribed in the child welfare services case plan shall constitute
an admission of guilt or be used as evidence against the parent or
legal guardian in a court of law. However, they shall also be advised
that the parent's or guardian's failure to cooperate, except for
good cause, in the provision of services specified in the child
welfare services case plan may be used in any hearing held pursuant
to Section 366.21 or 366.22 as evidence.
(12) A child shall be given the opportunity to
participate in the development of the case plan. A child
who is 12 years of age or older shall also be given the opportunity
to review the case plan, sign the case plan, and receive a copy of
the case plan.
(13) The case plan shall be included in the court
report and shall be considered by the court at the initial hearing
and each review hearing. Modifications to the case plan made during
the period between review hearings need not be approved by the court
if the casework supervisor for that case determines that the
modifications further the goals of the plan. If out-of-home services
are used with the goal of family reunification, the case plan shall
consider and describe the application of subdivision (b) of Section
11203.
(13)
(14) If the case plan has as its goal for the child a
permanent plan of adoption or placement in another permanent home, it
shall include an investigation into, and statement of, the
child's wishes regarding their perma nent placement plan.
The agency shall also include documentation of the steps the
agency is taking to find an adoptive family or other permanent living
arrangements for the child; to place the child with an adoptive
family, an appropriate and willing relative, a legal guardian, or in
another planned permanent living arrangement; and to finalize the
adoption or legal guardianship. At a minimum, the documentation shall
include child specific recruitment efforts, such as the use of
state, regional, and national adoption exchanges, including
electronic exchange systems, when the child has been freed for
adoption.
(14)
(15) When appropriate, for a child who is 16 years of
age or older, the case plan shall include a written description of
the programs and services that will help the child, consistent with
the child's best interests, prepare for the transition from foster
care to independent living. The case plan shall be developed with the
child and individuals identified as important to the child, and
shall include steps the agency is taking to ensure that the child has
a connection to a caring adult.
(g) If the court finds, after considering the case plan, that
unsupervised sibling visitation is appropriate and has been consented
to, the court shall order that the child or the child's siblings,
the child's current caregiver, and the child's prospective adoptive
parents, if applicable, be provided with information necessary to
accomplish this visitation. This section does not require or prohibit
the social worker's facilitation, transportation, or supervision of
visits between the child and his or her siblings.
(h) The case plan documentation on sibling placements required
under this section shall not require modification of existing case
plan forms until the Child Welfare Services Case Management System is
implemented on a statewide basis.
(i) When a child who is 10 years of age or older and who has been
in out-of-home placement for six months or longer, the case plan
shall include an identification of individuals, other than the child'
s siblings, who are important to the child and actions necessary to
maintain the child's relationship with those individuals, provided
that those relationships are in the best interest of the child. The
social worker shall ask every child who is 10 years of age or older
and who has been in out-of-home placement for six months or longer to
identify individuals other than the child's siblings who are
important to the child, and may ask any other child to provide that
information, as appropriate. The social worker shall make efforts to
identify other individuals who are important to the child, consistent
with the child's best interests.
(j) The child's caregiver shall be provided a copy of a plan
outlining the child's needs and services.
(k) The department, in consultation with the County Welfare
Directors Association and other advocates, shall develop standards
and guidelines for a model relative placement search and assessment
process based on the criteria established in Section 361.3. These
guidelines shall be incorporated in the training described in Section
16206. These model standards and guidelines shall be developed by
March 1, 1999.
SEC. 8.
SEC. 11.
If the Commission on State Mandates determines that this act
contains costs mandated by the state, reimbursement to local agencies
and school districts for those costs shall be made pursuant to Part
7 (commencing with Section 17500) of Division 4 of Title 2 of the
Government Code.