BILL ANALYSIS
SB 357
Page 1
Date of Hearing: June 28, 2005
Counsel: Kimberly Horiuchi
ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
Mark Leno, Chair
SB 357 (Dunn) - As Amended: June 22, 2005
SUMMARY : Establishes a program requiring the serialization of
handgun ammunition. Specifically, this bill :
1)Requires that, commencing July 1, 2009, except as provided in
this bill, all handgun ammunition, as defined, manufactured,
imported into California for sale or personal use, kept for
sale, offered or exposed for sale, sold, given, lent, or
possessed shall be serialized, as specified.
2)Provides that the Department of Justice (DOJ) shall enforce
the requirements of the handgun serialization program and
shall have authority to prescribe the manner in which handgun
ammunition is serialized in order to comply with the
requirements of this bill including, but not limited to,
determining how ammunition that is loose, packaged, in lots,
series, or otherwise aggregated for purposes of manufacture or
sale shall be serialized with a unique identifier, as
specified.
3)Authorizes the DOJ to adopt regulations to collect end-user
fees in an amount not to exceed one-half of one cent per round
of ammunition or per bullet, where the accumulated fee amount
will not exceed the cost to pay for the infrastructure,
implementation, operational, enforcement, and future
development costs of the program.
4)States that the DOJ has the authority to adopt regulations
relating to the implementation and furtherance of a retail
ammunition vendor's registry and the assessment and collection
of fees associated with the registration program in an amount
not to exceed $50 per year, per retail location, adjusted
annually for inflation based upon the California Consumer
Price Index, as specified, and where the accumulated fee
amount will not exceed the cost to pay for the infrastructure,
implementation, operation, enforcement, and future development
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costs of serialization.
5)Authorizes the DOJ to adopt or amend regulations relating to
this bill in an effort to incorporate new technologies as they
become available.
6)Defines "handgun ammunition" as follows:
a) Ammunition principally for use in pistols, revolvers,
and other firearms capable of being concealed upon the
person, as specified, notwithstanding that the ammunition
may also be used in some rifles;
b) 22 caliber rimfire ammunition;
c) Assembled handgun ammunition packaged for retail sale;
d) Bullets used for reloading or hand-loading handgun
ammunition packaged for retail sale; and,
e) Serialized handgun ammunition does not include blank
cartridges, shot-shells, or projectiles used in black
powder handguns.
7)Defines "serialized" as including all the following:
a) The ammunition has been identified in a manner
prescribed by the DOJ so that all assembled ammunition
contained within a package provided for retail sale, or as
otherwise specified by DOJ, is uniquely identified;
b) Bullets used for reloading or hand-loading contained
within a package provided for retail sale, or as otherwise
specified by DOJ, are uniquely identified;
c) Identification of the manufacturer of the ammunition;
d) Identification on the exterior of the ammunition in a
manner that permits visual inspection for the purpose of
determining if the assembled ammunition or bullet complies
with the serialization requirement;
e) Identification on the exterior of the ammunition in a
manner maintained subsequent to the discharge of the
ammunition and subsequent to the impact of the bullet,
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based on standards prescribed by DOJ; and,
f) Identification on the exterior of every package or
container of serialized ammunition, as prescribed by DOJ,
with the same unique identifiers used on the assembled
ammunition or bullets contained within the packaging or
container. No package or container shall be labeled with
the same unique identifiers as any other package or
container by the same manufacturer.
8)States that commencing July 1, 2009, makes it a crime
punishable as an alternate misdemeanor/felony for any person
to manufacture, cause to be manufactured, import into
California for sale or personal use, keep for sale, offer or
expose for sale, or to give or lend any handgun ammunition
that is not serialized pursuant to this bill.
9)States that commencing July 1, 2016, makes any person who
possesses in any public place any handgun ammunition not
serialized guilty of an infraction, punishable by a fine not
exceeding $500, or a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment
up to six months in jail, a fine of up to $1,000, or both.
10)Defines "public place" as an area open to the public and
includes streets, sidewalks, bridges, alleys, plazas, parks,
driveways, front yards, parking lots, automobiles, whether
moving or not, and buildings open to the general public,
including those that serve food or drink, or provide
entertainment, and the doorways and entrances to buildings or
dwellings.
11)Provides exceptions to the "public place" and other
possession restrictions on handgun ammunition without
"serialization," including:
a) Forensic laboratories and agencies such as law
enforcement and employees within the course and scope of
their official duties;
b) Law enforcement and other agencies charged with the
administration of justice for purpose of investigation,
evidence, or disposition;
c) Possession for purposes of disposition by an executor or
administrator of an estate, as specified;
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d) Possession for purposes of transporting it to a law
enforcement agency for disposition, as specified;
possession by peace officers from other states in
California on official duties; and,
e) Members of the California National Guard during their
official duties.
12)States that no person engaged in the retail sale of handgun
ammunition shall sell, lease, or transfer serialized
ammunition unless he or she is a registered ammunition vendor
as described in this bill.
13)Provides that any person not a registered ammunition vendor
and engages in the retail sale of ammunition shall be guilty
of an infraction or a misdemeanor.
14)Defines "vendor," "ammunition vendor," or "registered
ammunition vendor" as any person, business, or corporation
engaged in the retail sale of handgun ammunition as defined in
this bill and who has all of the following:
a) Any regulatory or business license, or licenses,
required by local government;
b) A valid seller's permit issued by the State Board of
Equalization; and,
c) Among those recorded in the centralized ammunition
vendor's registry created by this bill.
15)Requires the DOJ to keep a centralized registry of all
persons engaged in the retail sale of serialized ammunition
and authorizes DOJ to remove from this registry any person who
violates the provisions of this bill.
16)Requires that upon removal of a vendor from the registry,
notification shall be provided to local law enforcement and
licensing authorities in the jurisdiction where the vendor's
business is located.
17)Authorizes the DOJ to inspect ammunition vendors to ensure
compliance with this chapter.
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18)Provides that nothing in this bill shall prohibit any local
jurisdiction from adopting one or more ordinances relating to
the inspection of ammunition vendors.
19)States that any vendor, agent or employee of the vendor that
sells or otherwise transfers ownership of any serialized
handgun ammunition shall record the following information in a
format prescribed by the DOJ:
a) The date of the transaction.
b) The name of the transferee.
c) The transferee's driver license number or other
government issued identification card number and the
governmental agency that issued the identification.
d) In order to validate a transferee's age and ensure
compliance with Penal Code Section 12316 [prohibition on
the sale of handgun ammunition to a person under the age of
21], the date of birth of the transferee.
e) The unique identifier of all handgun ammunition or
bullets transferred.
f) All other information prescribed by the DOJ.
20)States that on the date the vendor delivers the handgun
ammunition to the transferee, he or she shall report the
required information to the DOJ in a manner prescribed by DOJ.
21)States that a copy of the required information records shall
be maintained on the premises of the vendor for a period of
not less than three years from the date of the recorded
transfer and shall be subject to inspection at any time during
normal business hours by any peace officer, or by any
authorized employee of the DOJ, if the inspection relates to
an investigation where access to those records is or may be
relevant to that investigation, is seeking information about
persons prohibited from owning a firearm or ammunition, or is
engaged in ensuring compliance with the Dangerous Weapons
Control Law or any other laws pertaining to firearms.
22)Provides that any vendor or employee or agent of a vendor
that willfully fails to comply with, or falsifies the records
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required to be kept by this bill is guilty of a public offense
punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one
year or in the state prison.
23)States that proof that a vendor or his or her agent or
employee demanded, was shown, and acted in reliance upon, bona
fide evidence of identity shall be a defense to any criminal
prosecution under this subdivision so long as reliance upon
the proof of identity was reasonable.
24)Provides that any person that presents false identification
to a vendor with the intent to avoid the recording
requirements of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
25)Provides that any vendor that refuses to permit an authorized
person to examine any record prepared in accordance with this
section during any inspection conducted pursuant to this
section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
26)States that no person engaged in the commercial manufacture
of serialized handgun ammunition shall sell, loan, or transfer
serialized ammunition, unless that person is a registered
ammunition manufacturer as defined in this bill; a violation
is punishable as a misdemeanor.
27)Defines "manufacturer," "ammunition manufacturer," or
"registered ammunition manufacturer" as any person, business,
or corporation who manufactures handgun ammunition within
California or manufacturers' handgun ammunition with the
intent to distribute that ammunition for purposes, within
California, of sale, loan, or transfer.
28)Requires that manufacturers shall do all of the following:
a) Register with the DOJ in a manner prescribed by DOJ.
b) Maintain records on the business premises for a period
of seven years concerning all sales, loans, and transfers
of ammunition, to, from, or within California.
c) Comply with all other regulations concerning ammunition
manufacture and sale adopted by DOJ.
29)States that any manufacturer that fails to comply with the
provisions of this section shall be liable for a civil fine of
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not more than one $1,000 for a first violation, not more than
five $5,000 for a second violation, and not more $10,000 for a
third and subsequent violation. A civil action to enforce
this section may be brought by a city attorney or district
attorney, or the Attorney General. These provisions shall not
preclude any other remedy available under California law.
30)States that the DOJ may inspect ammunition manufacturers to
ensure compliance with this bill.
31)States that for purposes of this chapter, every 50 pieces or
fewer of assembled ammunition or bullets used for reloading or
hand-loading shall constitute a separate and distinct offense.
32)Provides that any person who willfully destroys, obliterates,
or otherwise renders unreadable, the serialization required
pursuant to this bill, on any bullet or assembled ammunition
is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail, not to exceed
one year, or in the state prison.
33)Commencing July 1, 2007, DOJ shall maintain a centralized
registry of all reports of handgun ammunition transactions
reported to DOJ pertaining to "serialized handgun ammunition"
and shall make that information available to specified law
enforcement and to the persons listed in the registry.
34)Provides that nothing in this new law pertaining to
registered ammunition vendors shall prohibit any local
jurisdiction from adopting one or more ordinances relating to
the inspection of ammunition vendors.
35)Creates an exception for the transportation and possession of
non-serialized ammunition for those that are moving between
domiciles provided that the transportation is otherwise
lawful.
36)Creates an exception for the importation of 50 or fewer
rounds by a non-resident of California for personal protection
during a temporary visit to California so long as the
transportation is otherwise lawful and the caliber of
ammunition matches the caliber of the firearm lawfully
possessed and simultaneously transported.
EXISTING LAW :
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1)Defines "handgun ammunition" as ammunition principally for use
in pistols, revolvers, and other firearms capable of being
concealed upon the person, as defined, notwithstanding that
the ammunition may also be used in some rifles. [Penal Code
Section 12323(a).]
2)States that for purposes of specified prohibitions on selling
and possessing ammunition, "ammunition" includes, but is not
be limited to, any bullet, cartridge, magazine, clip, speed
loader, autoloader, or projectile capable of being fired from
a firearm with a deadly consequence. [Penal Code Section
12316(b)(2).]
3)Makes it a crime for persons who are prohibited from
possessing firearms to possess ammunition, punished as an
alternate misdemeanor/felony. [Penal Code Section
12316(b)(1).]
4)Makes it a misdemeanor for any person, corporation, or
licensed firearms dealer to: (a) sell ammunition to a person
"knowing" that the person is under 18 years of age, and (b)
sell handgun ammunition to a person "knowing" that the person
is under 21 years of age; proof that a person, corporation, or
dealer, or his or her agent or employee, demanded, was shown,
and acted in reasonable reliance upon, bona fide evidence of
majority and identity shall be a defense to any criminal
prosecution under this law; and "bona fide evidence of
majority and identity" is defined. [Penal Code Section
12316(a).]
5)Requires DOJ to obtain, maintain, and make available to
specified law enforcement and others a variety of information.
(Penal Code Section 11106.)
6)Provides that "willfully," when applied to the intent, with
which an act is done or omitted, implies simply a purpose or
willingness to commit the act, or make the omission referred
to. It does not require any intent to violate law, or to
injure another, or to acquire any advantage. (Penal Code
Section 7.)
FISCAL EFFECT : Unknown
COMMENTS :
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1)Author's Statement : According to the author, "This bill
requires all handgun ammunition manufactured or sold in
California to be marked with a unique identifier - essentially
bringing ammunition laws and investigative tools into the
modern age. Bullet serialization is a new, fast and effective
way for law enforcement and forensic experts to identify
locate and convict murderers and violent felons. Essentially,
this means every handgun bullet sold in California will have a
number or other identifier stamped, engraved, affixed or in
some way attached to it.
"This identifier is associated with the purchaser of the bullet
at the point of sale. Law enforcement officers can read the
serial number on a bullet found at a crime scene - without the
aid of expensive specialized tools - and immediately determine
the name and address of the individual who purchased the
bullet by accessing a database maintained by DOJ. In
addition, this bill requires manufacturers, vendors and
purchasers of handgun ammunition to submit information to DOJ,
assesses fees for the registration of vendors and the purchase
of handgun ammunition, and puts in place penalties for
individuals and corporations who attempt to circumvent the
requirements of this important bill.
"According to 'Crime in California: 2003', by the Criminal
Justice Statistics Center of DOJ, there were 2,402 homicides
reported in California during 2003. Of these crimes, 72.8%
(1,733) were committed with a firearm. Unfortunately, 44.9%
of these homicides were unsolved in 2003, which was a 3.2%
increase from 2002. The victims of homicide in California
during 2003, were predominately Hispanic (44%), 18 to 24 years
old (31.2%) and male (82.1%). Gang-related activities made up
over one-third (33.6%) of all contributing factors in these
homicides. Additionally, 63,597 robberies were reported in
2003, with armed robbery accounting for 53.9% (34,252) of
these crimes. A firearm was used in 64.7% (22,161) of all
armed robberies. Only 27.1% of robberies were solved in 2003.
This bill provides additional tools law enforcement can use
to track down violent felons and murderers, and has broad
support from law enforcement and victims' rights
organizations."
2)Background : According to DOJ, there are several patents
currently pending related to bullet identification, not all of
which pertain to "ammunition serialization" but some do. In
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addition, one system is described at
http://www.ammocoding.com/index.php , a Web site for Ammunition
Coding System (ACS) with a Seattle address and includes the
following:
a) Bullet Identification Technology: A Modern
Crime-Fighting Tool : In an effort to provide law
enforcement with modern crime fighting tools, a new
patent-pending bullet identification technology known as
ACS has been developed. ACS assigns a unique code to every
round of ammunition manufactured; by recording sales
records, law enforcement personnel will be able to easily
trace the ammunition involved in a crime and have an avenue
to pursue and solve even the most difficult cases. The key
to ACS is the unique code that is micro-laser engraved on
factory-produced ammunition. This laser engraving is
etched on both the projectile and the inside of the
cartridge casing. Each code will be common to a single box
of cartridges and unique from all other ammunition sold.
The unique ACS codes will be tracked and records maintained
to identify individual ammunition purchases. The ACS
technology will provide a method for law enforcement
personnel to trace ammunition purchases and link bullets
and cartridge cases found at crime scenes to the initial
retail ammunition purchaser. This system will not
necessarily prove who pulled the trigger, but it will
provide law enforcement with a valuable lead and a starting
point to quickly begin their investigations. The design of
the ACS laser engraving system will allow law enforcement
personnel to identify the bullet code in cases where as
little as 20% of the bullet base remains intact after
recovery. Since bullets are designed to keep the base
solid and in its original configuration, the likelihood of
ACS codes remaining legible after recovery is very high.
Law enforcement testing has already shown a 99% success
rate in identifying the ACS code after bullet recovery.
b) What Are the Costs to Manufacturers : There are several
well known manufacturers currently producing a significant
portion of the current commercially available ammunition in
the United States. Each ammunition producer would be
required to purchase at least one, if not more, laser
engraving machines and ammunition material handlers to
produce ACS-coded ammunition. There are several
manufacturers who can design and build this equipment.
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Reliable estimates for a complete set of engraving/material
handling equipment range from $300,000 to $500,000 each. A
licensing fee for each bullet sold would also be required.
However, since approximately 10 billion bullets are sold in
the United States alone each year, equipment costs, once
amortized over the number of bullets produced and sold, are
not significant.
This bill provides that the DOJ "shall have authority to
prescribe the manner in which handgun ammunition is
serialized in order to comply with the requirements of
Penal Code Section 12314 [the new misdemeanor/felony crime
of manufacturing, selling, importing, or giving handgun
ammunition that is not serialized] including, but not
limited to, determining how ammunition that is loose,
packaged, in lots, series, or otherwise aggregated for
purposes of manufacture or sale shall be serialized with a
unique identifier, pursuant to Penal Code Section 12314."
This bill also further authorizes the DOJ to "adopt or amend"
regulations to implement this bill and mentions amending
regulations to "incorporate new technologies as they become
available" without any limits to future changes which could
affect both manufacturers and vendors. For example, a
required technology could be replaced in the future with
another technology at the discretion of the DOJ.
3)Fifth Amendment Takings Clause : The Fifth Amendment to the
United States Constitution provides that "no person shall be .
. . deprived of . . . property, without due process of law,
nor shall private property be taken for public use, without
just compensation. Also, Article I, Section 19, of the
California Constitution, provides that "private property may
be taken or claimed for public use only when just compensation
ascertained by a jury, unless waived, has been paid to, or
into the court for, the owner." This bill makes it a crime to
possess handgun ammunition which is not serialized - effective
July 1, 2016 - in a public place. At the present time, such
handgun ammunition is not generally illegal to possess or
transfer or use. This bill does not make such handgun
ammunition absolutely illegal to possess after July 1, 2009.
However, this bill makes transporting such handgun ammunition
in a public place - including in "automobiles, whether moving
or not" - generally a crime with an exception for transporting
such handgun ammunition to a law enforcement agency for
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disposition (without any compensation mentioned).
It would not be legal to transport such ammunition in public to
a shooting range and use such ammunition after July 1, 2009.
Nor would business owners - and "buildings open to the general
public" are included as public places in this bill - be immune
from criminal penalties if they had a handgun legally at their
place of business but with handgun ammunition which is
otherwise required to be serialized and is pre-July 1, 2009
handgun ammunition.
Another example might be that this bill would make it a crime if
a person moved from one house or apartment to another and
transported handgun ammunition which was not serialized after
July 1, 2009. Or some persons might collect ammunition,
including handgun ammunition, and those collections could
subject a collector to criminal penalties under the provisions
of this bill after July 1, 2009.
While handgun ammunition may not be especially "expensive" in
smaller quantities, handgun ammunition does have value and it
is property. It is not clear to Committee staff whether or
not there would be a valid "governmental taking without
compensation" argument to be made pertaining to this bill; it
is at least conceivable that such a claim could be made.
4)Transporting Ammunition Across State Lines : This bill would
criminalize the importation of handgun ammunition into
California from other states, whether by a California citizen
or not. It is assumed that any person in California is
familiar with California laws and court interpretations of
those laws. However, it may be presumed that not every person
traveling into California will be familiar with the provisions
of this bill if enacted and in effect on
July 1, 2009. This bill is being amended to include an
exception for those transporting less than 50 rounds across
state lines assuming that transportation is otherwise lawful.
5)Provisions in This Bill Part of SB 1152 (Scott) : SB 1152
(Scott), of the 2003-04 Legislative Session, was vetoed. SB
1152 contained the provisions now in this bill as well as
other provisions related to recordkeeping of handgun
ammunition sales. The Governor's veto message for SB 1152
follows in its entirety. No where in that veto message is any
mention of the provisions now contained in this bill:
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"I am returning Senate Bill 1152 without my signature. This
bill proposes an ammunition registration process that has
already been considered and rejected by the federal government
when they repealed a substantially similar law citing it was
simply unworkable and offered no public safety benefit. In
addition, no other state collects information on ammunition
sales or purchasers. Forensic testing of ammunition used in a
crime is the most effective way of tracing criminal activity.
For these reasons, I am returning this bill without my
signature."
6)Arguments in Support :
a) Million Mom March states, "This bill would require that
all handgun ammunition manufactured after July 1, 2007 be
serialized. Further, the manufacture, transfer,
importation and public possession of non-serialized handgun
ammunition after that date would be an offense. Finally,
this bill would require vendors and manufacturers to
register with DOJ and a database would be created by DOJ
linking purchasers to the serialized ammunition. The cost
to administer this bill would be funded by vender and
end-user fees. Opponents of this bill have argued that
serialization would lead to prohibitive increases in
ammunition costs and lead ammunition manufacturers to
abandon the California market. The best available data
indicates that the increase in cost of serialized
ammunition, including the manufacturing costs, would be no
more than one cent per bullet and probably half that
amount. We consider this an acceptable increase when
compared to the price society must pay for gun crime. The
idea that ammunition manufacturers would abandon the
California market is absurd as it is the largest market in
the nation."
b) Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence states, "Every
year, 1,600 people die from handgun homicides in
California. In 45% of California's homicides, no arrest is
made because the police lack the evidence to find the
murderer. Our organization supports this bill because we
feel that police need effective tools to capture armed
criminals."
7)Arguments in Opposition : The Santa Ana Police Officers
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Association, et al. states, "This bill depends upon the
cooperation of criminals who would be expected to make their
ammunition acquisitions from retailers and to register
themselves as serialized ammunition buyers. Criminal street
gang members and other perpetrators of crime, who are often
under the legal age for buying handguns and ammunition, would
have no trouble getting both from sources other than
retailers. It would not take long before criminals of all
kids learned not to buy ammunition from retailers. They can
easily obtain ammunition from out-of-state sources or from the
underground marketplace in California. They have historically
done so.
"The domestic small arms ammunition industry utilizes modern
production processes and distribution practices to produce at
least eight billion cartridges per year. Any attempt to
serialize ammunition on a mass production basis would reduce
current manufacturing product rates, while substantially
increasing the cost of production. Concerns have been raised
that it would take almost three weeks to manufacture what is
currently made in a single day. Ammunition manufacturers such
as Winchester, Federal Cartridge/ATK and Remington, who
collectively account for a vast majority of market share,
simply cannot afford the hundreds of millions in capital
investment it would cost to build the new factories that would
be needed in order to meet the requirements of this bill
without significantly increasing the cost per round of
ammunition. The net result would be a potentially massive
increase in the price of ammunition for all consumers,
including law enforcement officers.
"We are concerned that this bill will create overnight a black
market in non-serialized or counterfeit ammunition which would
create yet another revenue stream for gangs and criminals.
Finally, notwithstanding all these aforementioned concerns, we
are afraid that serious evidentiary problems will arise if
non-serialized ammunition cases are ever prosecuted. It will
be difficult to maintain integrity in packaging once a box of
ammunition is opened.
"Unless 'chain of custody' can be shown beyond a reasonable
doubt, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to prosecute
cases based solely on ammunition identification."
8)Related Legislation :
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a) AB 352 (Koretz) requires specified semiautomatic pistols
to be equipped with microscopic identifying markings which
are transferred to each cartridge case when the firearm is
fired. AB 352 is scheduled to be heard by the Senate
Committee on Public Safety on June 28, 2005.
b) AB 996 (Ridley-Thomas) states that no retail seller of
ammunition shall sell, offer for sale, or display for sale,
any ammunition in a manner that allows the ammunition to be
accessible to the purchaser without the assistance of the
retailer or employee. AB 996 is pending hearing by the
Senate Appropriations Committee.
9)Prior Legislation :
a) AB 1152 (Scott), of the 2003-04 Legislative Session,
would have required that all vendors of firearm ammunition
maintain specified information pertaining to purchasers on
a form prescribed by DOJ. AB 1152 was vetoed.
b) AB 50 (Koretz), Chapter 494, Statutes of 2004, adds the
.50 caliber BMG rifle to the list of dangerous weapons and
creates new felonies for the manufacture, sale, or
possession without a permit of this firearm.
REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION :
Support
Department of Justice (Sponsor)
Alameda County Sheriffs Association
American College of Emergency Physicians-California Chapter
Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence
California Attorney General Bill Lockyer
California Million Mom March
California Reserve Peace Officers Association
City of Fresno Police Chief Jerry Dyer
Coalition to Stop Gun Violence
Davis Police Department
Legal Community Against Violence
Los Angeles City Attorney's Office
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office
Million Mom March, Nevada County Chapter
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Million Mom March, Sonoma County Chapter
Physicians for Social Responsibility
Sacramento City Police
Santa Ana Police Chief Paul Walters
Stop Gun Violence, Orange County Citizens for the Prevention of
Gun Violence
United States Senator Diane Feinstein
Violence Prevention Coalition of Orange County
11 private citizens
Opposition
Al Taucher Preserving Hunting and Fishing
Opportunities Advisory Committee to the
Fish and Game Commission
Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee
Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriff's, Inc.
California Association of Firearm Retailers
California Rifle and Pistol Association, Inc.
California Sportsmen's Lobby, Inc.
California State Fraternal Order of Police
Citizens Committee to Keep and Bear Arms
Crossroads of the West Gun Shows
Finch Arms Headquarters
Folsom Shooting Club, Inc.
Fresno County Sportsmen's Club
Gun Owners of California
Herb Bauer Sporting Goods
Law Enforcement Alliance of America
Let's Talk Bowhunting
Long Beach Police Officers Association
Los Angeles County Professional Peace Officers Association
Los Angeles Police Protection League
Mendocino County Sheriff Anthony Craver
National Association of Sporting Goods Wholesalers
National Rifle Association
North Coast Shooting and Sports
Orange County Sheriff Michael Corona
Outdoor Sportsmen's Coalition of California
Remington
Riverside Sheriffs Association
Royal Arms International
Safari Club International
Santa Ana Police Officers Association
Southern California Alliance of Law Enforcement
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Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute, Inc.
The Range
United States Representative Duncan Hunter
Winchester Ammunition
88 private citizens
Analysis Prepared by : Kimberly Horiuchi / PUB. S. / (916)
319-3744