BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    




                                                                  AB 2781
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          Date of Hearing:   April 15, 2008
          Counsel:                Nicole J. Hanson


                         ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                                 Jose Solorio, Chair

                 AB 2781 (Runner) - As Introduced:  February 22, 2008
                       As Proposed to be Amended in Committee


                                    FOR VOTE ONLY
           
           
           SUMMARY  :   Affixes the following felony convictions to the list  
          of crimes requiring disclosure of the offender's name,  
          photograph, physical description, including gender and race,  
          date of birth, criminal history, prior adjudication as a  
          sexually violent predator, residential address, and any other  
          information the Department of Justice (DOJ) deems relevant via  
          public Internet Web site on or before January 10, 2010:

          1)The sale or distribution of obscene matter depicting person  
            under age of 18 years engaging in sexual conduct;

          2)The production, distribution, or exhibition of obscene matter;

          3)The sexual exploitation of a child;

          4)Employing or using a minor to perform obscene acts;

          5)Advertising for sale or distribution obscene matter depicting  
            a person under the age of 18 engaging in or simulating sexual  
            conduct;

          6)Possessing or controlling matter depicting a minor engaging in  
            or simulating sexual conduct; and,

          7)Lewd or obscene conduct.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Provides that on or before the dates specified in this  
            section, the DOJ shall make available information concerning  
            persons who are required to register pursuant to Section 290  









                                                                  AB 2781
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            to the public via an Internet Web site as specified in this  
            section.  DOJ shall update the Internet Web site on an ongoing  
            basis.  All information identifying the victim by name, birth  
            date, address, or relationship to the registrant shall be  
            excluded from the Internet Web site.  The name or address of  
            the person's employer and the listed person's criminal history  
            other than the specific crimes for which the person is  
            required to register shall not be included on the Internet Web  
            site.  The Internet Web site shall be translated into  
            languages other than English as determined by DOJ.  [Penal  
            Code Section 290.46(a)(1).]

          2)Mandates that on or before July 1, 2010, DOJ shall make  
            available to the public, via an Internet Web site as  
            specified, the following information:

             a)   The year of conviction of his or her most recent sex  
               offense requiring registration pursuant to existing law.

             b)   The year he or she was released from incarceration for  
               that offense.

             c)   Whether he or she was subsequently incarcerated for any  
               other felony, if that fact is reported to DOJ.  If DOJ has  
               no information about a subsequent incarceration for any  
               felony, that fact shall be noted on the Internet Web site.   
               [Penal Code Section 290.46(a)(2)(A).]

          3)Prohibits the use of information acquired via the registered  
            sex offender Internet Web site for purposes relating to any of  
            the following:

             a)   Health insurance.

             b)   Insurance.

             c)   Loans.

             d)   Credit.

             e)   Employment.

             f)   Education, scholarships, or fellowships.

             g)   Housing or accommodations.









                                                                  AB 2781
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             h)   Benefits, privileges, or services provided by any  
               business establishment.  [Penal Code Section 290.46(l).]

          4)Requires DOJ to operate a service through which members of the  
            public may provide a list of at least six persons on a form  
            approved by the DOJ and inquire whether any of those persons  
            is required to register as a sex offender and is subject to  
            public notification.  The DOJ shall respond with information  
            on any person as to whom information may be available to the  
            public via the Internet Web site as provided under existing  
            law, to the extent that information may be disclosed.  The DOJ  
            may establish a fee for requests, including all actual and  
            reasonable costs associated with the service.  [Penal Code  
            section 290.4(a).]

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown

           COMMENTS  :   

           1)Author's Statement  :  According to the author, "The 'loophole'  
            in Megan's Law needs to be closed.  Felony convictions of  
            child pornography and indecent exposure need to be added to  
            the list of specified sexual offenses that are fully disclosed  
            to the public, as well as misdemeanor convictions of child  
            pornography and indecent exposure to be added to the list  
            requiring minimal disclosure.  Assembly Bill 2781 would  
            require that persons registering for these convictions be  
            included on the Megan's Law web site, therefore extending the  
            safety to protect the children of California. 

          "The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children released  
            a study in 2005 that found a proportion of arrested offenders  
            who both sexually victimized children and possessed child  
            pornography ranged from 35% to 51%.<1>  Dual offenders pose a  
            greater threat to children and with increased disclosure via  
            Megan's Law web site, we can provide parents with the  
            resources to assist in their protection roles.  With all  
            states having at least some form of Megan's Law enforced, it  
            is important that we continue to prevent more predators from  
            going after innocent children.  AB 2781 will force these  
            misdemeanor offenders to be entirely disclosed on this web  
            site in California to further extend protection of our  


          ---------------------------
          <1> National Center for Missing and Exploited Children-online  
          study in 2005 (missingkids.com)








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            children."

           2)Background  :  According to information provided by the author,  
            "Currently under Megan's Law in the Penal Code section that  
            specifically sets out the offenses that are disclosed on the  
            web site, many specified sex offenses are included, but it  
            neglects to address pertinent felonies and misdemeanors from  
            being listed to their fullest disclosure.  According to the  
            Department of Justice who maintain the database, approximately  
            25% of registered sex offenders are excluded from public  
            disclosure by law.<2>  Although those granted exclusion must  
            still register as sex offenders with their local law  
            enforcement, their information is not available through the  
            Internet, limiting the safety of our children.

          "The 'loophole' in the law neglects to address the full intent  
            of protecting the children of California.  Previous statistics  
            consistently show that nearly 40% of those involved with child  
            pornography are also molesting children.<3>  The law in its  
            current form does not require a felony of child pornography to  
            fully disclose offender information to the public, and instead  
            as a misdemeanor conviction only requires minimal information  
            to be disclosed.  Misdemeanor convictions currently require  
            the least information be disclosed on the Megan's Law web site  
            as opposed to being listed under the specified sexual offenses  
            requiring the broadest disclosure such as home address and  
            types of offenses committed.  
           
           3)Posting of Sex Offender Information on the Internet  :  On March  
            5, 2003 the United States Supreme Court decided the case of  
            Smith v. Doe (2003) 538 U.S. 84.  Before then, the issue of  
            whether retroactively applying sex offender registration and  
            public notification provisions of Megan's Law violated the Ex  
            Post Facto Clause of the Constitution was unclear.  In Smith  
            v. Doe, the court upheld the validity of the Alaska Sex  
            Offender Registration Act as a valid regulatory program that  
            does not impose punitive restraints in violation of the  
            Constitution. (Ibid.)  The defendant argued that sex offender  
            registration and notification statutes resemble shaming  
            punishments of the colonial period that effectively banished a  
            person from a community.  (Id. at 98.)  The Supreme Court  
            acknowledged that some colonial punishments indeed were meant  

          ---------------------------
          <2> Megan's Law Web Site (www.meganslaw.ca.gov/sexreg.aspx)
          <3> National Center for Missing and Exploited Children-online  
          study in 2005 (missingkids.com)








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            to inflict public disgrace.  (Id. at 97-98.)  Humiliated  
            offenders were required "to stand in public with signs  
            cataloguing their offenses."  [Ibid. quoting Hirsh, From  
            Pillory to Penitentiary:  The Rise of Criminal Incarceration  
            in Early Massachusetts (1982) 80 Mich. L. Rev. 1179, 1226; see  
            also L. Friedman, Crime and Punishment in American History  
            (1993) p. 38.]  At times, the labeling would be permanent:  A  
            murderer might be branded with an "M," and a thief with a "T."  
             [Ibid. referring to Semmes, Crime and Punishment in Early  
            Maryland (1938) p. 35; see also Massaro, Shame, Culture, and  
            American Criminal Law (1991) 89 Mich. L. Rev. 1880, 1913.]   
            The aim was to make these offenders suffer "permanent stigmas,  
            which in effect cast the person out of the community." (Ibid.  
            quoting Massaro, supra, at 1913; Hirsh, supra, at 1228.)   
            Respondents contended that Alaska's compulsory registration  
            and notification resemble these historical punishments, for  
            they publicize the crime, associate it with his name, and,  
            with the most serious offenders, do so for life.  (Id. at 98.)

          The Supreme Court rejected the comparison stating:

          "Any initial resemblance to early punishments is, however,  
            misleading.  Punishments such as whipping, pillory, and  
            branding inflicted physical pain and staged a direct  
            confrontation between the offender and the public.  Even  
            punishments that lacked the corporal component, such as public  
            shaming, humiliation, and banishment, involved more than the  
            dissemination of information.  They either held the person up  
            before his fellow citizens for face-to-face shaming or  
            expelled him from the community.  [See Earle, Curious  
            Punishments of Bygone Days (1896) pp. 35-36, 51-52; Massaro,  
            supra, at 1912-1924; Semmes, supra, at 39-40; Blomberg &  
            Lucken, American Penology: A History of Control (2000) pp.  
            30-31.]  By contrast, the stigma of Alaska's Megan's Law  
            results not from public display for ridicule and shaming but  
            from the dissemination of accurate information about a  
            criminal record most of which is already public.  Our system  
            does not treat dissemination of truthful information in  
            furtherance of a legitimate governmental objective as  
            punishment.  On the contrary, our criminal law tradition  
            insists on public indictment, public trial, and public  
            imposition of sentence.  Transparency is essential to  
            maintaining public respect for the criminal justice system,  
            ensuring its integrity, and protecting the rights of the  
            accused.  The publicity may cause adverse consequences for the  









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            convicted defendant, running from mild personal embarrassment  
            to social ostracism.  In contrast to the colonial shaming  
            punishments, however, the State does not make the publicity  
            and the resulting stigma an integral part of the objective of  
            the regulatory scheme . . . .  The purpose and the principal  
            effect of notification are to inform the public for its own  
            safety, not to humiliate the offender.  Widespread public  
            access is necessary for the efficacy of the scheme, and the  
            attendant humiliation is but a collateral consequence of a  
            valid regulation."  (Smith v. Doe, supra, 538 U.S. at 99-99.) 

           4)The Purpose of Megan's Law  :  As discussed, Megan's Law is  
            intended to protect the public safety.  The extent to which  
            there is a link between viewing or otherwise handling  
            materials depicting actual or simulated sexual or obscene  
            conduct involving a minor under 18 and committing sex crimes  
            against children is unknown.  A March 19, 2001 Newsweek  
            article on child pornography noted, "Which fans of child porn  
            will go on to molest a child is unknown, as is the actual  
            number of pedophiles in the general population."  Dr. Martin  
            Kafka of the McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, told  
            Newsweek, "Some who look at child pornography have no history  
            of molesting.  They seem to control their urges."

           5)Child Pornography  :  Adding pornography crimes to the Megan's  
            Law Internet site creates unique issues.  It is arguable that,  
            in and of itself, "child pornography" is an inherently vague  
            term.  By comparison, many of the statutes cited above refer  
            to depictions of actual or simulated "sexual conduct" by any  
            person under the age of 18.  

          None of the "child pornography" offenses raised by this bill are  
            limited to young children; they all extend to conduct  
            involving minors up to the age of 18.  In addition, sexual  
            conduct under Penal Code Section 311.11 is defined broadly.   
            Penal Code Section 311.11 pertains to depictions of "engaging  
            in or simulating sexual conduct," which is defined to as "any  
            of the following, whether actual or simulated:  sexual  
            intercourse, oral copulation, anal intercourse, anal oral  
            copulation, masturbation, bestiality, sexual sadism, sexual  
            masochism, penetration of the vagina or rectum by any object  
            in a lewd or lascivious manner, exhibition of the genitals or  
            pubic or rectal area for the purpose of sexual stimulation of  
            the viewer, any lewd or lascivious sexual act as defined in  
            Penal Code Section 288, or excretory functions performed in a  









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            lewd or lascivious manner, whether or not any of the above  
            conduct is performed alone or between members of the same or  
            opposite sex or between humans and animals.  An act is  
            simulated when it gives the appearance of being sexual  
            conduct."  Thus, for example, Penal Code Section 311.11 would  
            be violated by possession of an image depicting a 17-year-old  
            engaging in simulated masturbation while clothed.  Many  
            parents of teenaged children might reasonably argue that this  
            could include many popular music videos.

          The complexity of Penal Code Section 311.11 is further  
            illustrated by exceptions to its application.  The section  
            does not apply to "drawings, figurines, statutes, or any film  
            rated by the Motion Picture Association of America [MPAA]."   
            Possession of depictions of conduct that perhaps would be  
            routine or unremarkable in rated films or in material that  
            might be accepted as "art," constitutes a crime under Penal  
            Code Section 311.11 if the depictions do not appear in such  
            contexts.  For example, an unrated documentary or other  
            accurate depiction of relatively common behavior of high  
            school students likely would be criminal under a broad  
            interpretation of Penal Code Section 311.11.

           6)The Law Enforcement Perspective  :  Others argue the link  
            between child pornography and molestation is clearer.  In  
            testimony before Congress in 2002, the Chief for the Federal  
            Bureau of Investigation's Crimes Against Children Unit stated  
            in part:

          "Our experience in the investigation of these crimes also  
            signals a strong correlation between child pornography  
            offenders and molesters of children.  In Operation Candyman,  
            for example, of the 90 people arrested thus far for their  
            participation in the child pornography e-group, 13 of them who  
            chose to make inculpatory statements admitted to molesting a  
            combined total of 48 children . . . .

          "My colleagues at the United States Postal Inspection Service  
            tell me that, according to statistics compiled from their  
            investigations, a frighteningly high percentage of the child  
            pornography offenders investigated were also involved in the  
            sexual molestation of children.  Their studies indicate  
            consistently that of the total number of child pornographers  
            investigated over the past several years, nearly 40% have been  
            determined to be child molesters."









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          In addition, in November 2000, Dr. Andres E. Hernandez, Director  
            of the Sex Offender Treatment Program, Federal Bureau of  
            Prisons, FCI Butner, presented the results of his study of  
            child pornography offenders.  . . .  This study, among other  
            things, explored the correlation between child pornography  
            offenses and actual child molestation.  Dr. Hernandez' data  
            indicates that the majority of the persons in his study  
            convicted of child pornography offenses actually molested  
            significant numbers of children without detection by the  
            criminal justice system.<4>

          7)Reliability of Law Enforcement Data  :  According to Ron Kokish,  
            a researcher, author, professor, and licensed family therapist  
            and board-certified clinical social worker from California,  
            "Law enforcement data asserting that child pornography is a  
            marker for pedophilia is largely anecdotal, often relies upon  
            reversed probabilities, is rarely subjected to peer review,  
            and must be considered unreliable."  Kokish points out that  
            law enforcement's mission is to protect the public, not to  
            collect scientific data.  "Postal inspectors claim to have  
            'strong evidence' that many people they apprehend for  
            possession of child pornography have also committed hands-on  
            sex crimes against children.  None of their material is peer  
            reviewed and none of it is published in detail.  The published  
            material gives little hint how they know these men have  
            molested children.  

          "What I did find was arrest data for child pornography and very  
            strong assertions in newsletter and press release formats.   
            [I] was impressed by the way the Postal Inspector responsible  
            for collecting their data talked about the issue.  If what he  
            says is mostly accurate, subjecting their information to  
            scientific analysis might produce some meaningful evidence.   
            Then again, it might not.  I think the Postal Inspector data  
            is interesting and warrants scientific inquiry if the agency  
            will make it available to interested social scientists.  In  
          ---------------------------
          <4>Testimony of Michael J. Heimbach, Crimes Against Children  
          Unit, Criminal Investigative Division, FBI, before the  
          Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security,  
          Committee on the Judiciary United States House of  
          Representatives May 1, 2002,"Internet Child Pornography"  
           (as of March  
          25, 2008).









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            its present form, it warrants absolutely no conclusions.  

          "[In conclusion,] child pornography use may be a marker for  
            child molesting, but the burden of proof falls to those who  
            would make that assertion, and to date, they have not met it  
            to any significant degree."  

           8)The American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law  :   
            A report, "Child Pornography:  The Criminal Justice System  
            Response", issued by the American Bar Association and the  
            National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in March  
            2001, states that "accurate estimates [of child pornography]  
            are difficult because no valid and reliable methodology has  
            been devised to measure the amount of child pornography,  
            especially on the Internet.  Attempts to quantify the problem  
            are hindered by the difficulty of discerning the ages of those  
            featured in pornographic images."  (Emphasis added.)

          The report concluded, "While a good deal is known about the  
            impact of child sexual abuse on children, little is known  
            about the specific long-term impact of sexual exploitation,  
            especially child pornography.  Research is also scarce on  
            treatment programs specific to the needs of the sexually  
            exploited children.  Without thorough examination and  
            evaluation of law enforcement, child welfare, and service  
            provision efforts, the justice system cannot accurately  
            understand the scope, effects or causes of child sexual  
            exploitation.  

          "Consequently extensive research should be conducted on . . .  
            the characteristics of adults and others perpetrating the  
            crimes.  Longitudinal studies and evaluations tracking  
            responses from law enforcement and service communities should  
            be pursued.

          "The criminal justice system should also pursue greater  
            community involvement in developing prevention efforts.  It  
            should support the development of or increase in available  
            treatment for victims and services for at risk youth including  
            prevention and early intervention.  The progress of law  
            enforcement and service providers should be examined and  
            studied so that successful programs can be replicated  
            nationally and in other countries." 

           9)No Predictability in Child Pornography Offenders Committing  









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            Future Contact Sexual Offenses  :  An April 2005 article by  
            Michael C. Seto (University of Toronto, Canada, and Center for  
            Addiction and Mental Health,) and Angela W. Eke, (Behavioral  
            Sciences Research Unit Ontario Provincial Police, and York  
            University, Canada,) published in Sexual Abuse:  A Journal of  
            Research and Treatment, Vol. 17, "The Criminal Histories and  
            Later Offending of Child Pornography Offenders", examined a  
            sample of 201 adult male child pornography offenders to  
            identify potential predictors of later offenses.  

          Of the sample, 56% had a prior criminal record, 24% had prior  
            contact sexual offenses, and 15% had prior child pornography  
            offenses.  One-third of the samples were concurrently charged  
            with other crimes at the same time they were charged with the  
            child pornography offenses.  

          According to the authors of this study:
                                                                 
          "Unfortunately, there are no published data on the future  
            offending of child pornography offenders.  In fact, there have  
            been only a few empirical studies on the characteristics of  
            individuals who are charged with the possession, distribution,  
            or production of child pornography.

          "This study is the first ever to report on the later offending  
            of a sample of child pornography offenders.  17% of the  
            follow-up sample of 201 offenders had offended again in some  
            way within an average of approximately 2.5 years after their  
            release to the community, and 4% committed a new contact  
            sexual offense. 

          "Child pornography offenders with prior criminal records were  
            significantly more likely to offend again in any way during  
            the follow-up period.  Child pornography offenders who had  
            committed a prior or concurrent contact sexual offense were  
            the most likely to offend again, either generally or sexually.  
             

          "As we predicted, and as would be expected based on generalist  
            theories of crime, there was a significant difference in later  
            offending between child pornography offenders classified into  
            groups according to the extent of their other criminal  
            behavior.  

          "Child pornography offenders who had ever committed a contact  









                                                                  AB 2781
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            sexual offense were the most likely to re-offend.  These group  
            differences could be detected even though the overall rate of  
            sexual recidivism was low (4%).

          "Only one of the offenders with only child pornography offenses  
            committed a contact sexual offense in the follow-up period.   
            More of this group of offenders might subsequently commit a  
            sexual offense as the duration of the follow-up period  
            increases, but our finding does contradict the assumption that  
            all child pornography offenders are at very high risk to  
            commit contact sexual offenses involving children.  

          "Three-quarters of our total follow-up sample did not have any  
            known history of contact sexual offending, which is consistent  
            with data from another Canadian sample of child pornography  
            offenders (Seto et. al., 2005) and American samples of child  
            pornography offenders (Federal Bureau of Investigation press  
            release (July 30, 2003) retrieved from  
             (as of  
            March 27, 2008).)

          "One limitation of our study is that we had access to only  
            official records, so we did not have data on psychological  
            variables that would be relevant to understanding child  
            pornography offenders.  Of particular interest are variables  
            that reflect anti-sociality (e.g.., anti-social attitudes and  
            beliefs, anti-social personality traits, childhood and  
            adolescent history of conduct problems) and atypical sexual  
            interests (e.g., self-reported interests, sexual history,  
            phallometric testing.)  

          "Another limitation is that we were only able to study  
            individuals who had been charged and convicted of child  
            pornography offenses.  We did not have data from child  
            pornography users who had not come into contact with the  
            criminal justice system.  Research on child pornography users  
            that takes advantage of methods to increase participant  
            recruitment and honest disclosure (e.g., anonymous Internet  
            surveys, certificates of confidentiality) could be very  
            illuminating.  The ideal study design would recruit  
            non-criminal, non-clinical pedophiles from the community.

          "Studying men who possess child pornography would allow us to  
            study pedophilia in a group that is less criminal, on average,  
            than correctional samples of sex offenders and perhaps less  









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            clinically impaired than individuals who are assessed in  
            clinical settings.  We would be able to determine what factors  
            distinguish men who have pedophilic sexual interests and do  
            not act on them and those who do act upon them by initiating  
            sexual contacts with children.  

          "Current theories of sexual offending would suggest that men who  
            go on to have sexual contacts with children will be higher on  
            indicators of anti-sociality (early conduct problems,  
            anti-social personality traits, criminal history, etc.,) than  
            those who do not."

          Inasmuch as there is no documented body of scientific study  
            regarding the likelihood that people convicted of child  
            pornography offenses pose a significant risk to children in  
            the community this bill is unripe.

          The goal of the Megan's Law Internet Web site is to protect the  
            public.  As stated in the Seto and Eke study, supra, there are  
            no published data on the future offending of child pornography  
            offenders.  In view of the paucity of evidence that child  
            pornography offenders are likely to commit contact sex  
            offenses against children, there is little reason to add child  
            pornography offenders to the Megan's Law Internet Web site at  
            this time.

           10)Argument in Support  :  According to the  California State  
            Sheriffs' Association  , "Under existing law, DOJ must disclose  
            to the public, via their Internet Web site, information on  
            persons who have been convicted of the commission or the  
            attempted commission of a number of sexual offenses.  This  
            information includes the person's name, a photograph, a  
            physical description, date of birth, criminal history, prior  
            adjudication as a sexually violent predator, and the address  
            at which the person resides.  This bill would require the DOJ  
            to also disclose information on offenders convicted of a  
            felony for certain child pornography offenses and indecent  
            exposure.

          "This bill expands the scope of disclosure, thereby providing  
            the public with additional tools to make proactive and  
            informative decisions regarding their safety."

           11)Argument in Opposition  :  According to the  California Public  
            Defenders Association  , "This bill would amend Penal Code  









                                                                  AB 2781
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            section 290.46, governing the 'Megan's Law web site.'  The web  
            site, operated by DOJ, allows the public to use personal  
            computers to view the name, photograph, residence address or  
            ZIP Code, and other information, about persons required to  
            register because of conviction of any of a number of specified  
            sex offenses.  This bill would add several child pornography  
            offenses to the list of specified sex offenses.  It would also  
            add indecent exposure to this list.

          "The purpose of the Megan's law web site is to keep parents  
            informed about those registrants who are most dangerous, and  
            to keep our children safe.  This bill will not accomplish and  
            will not further those purposes.

          "This bill will not accomplish or further those purposes because  
            the child pornography convictions that would be added are, in  
            most all instances, derivative offenses that do not involve  
            personal infliction of sex crimes.  The Megan's law web site  
            is currently limited almost exclusively to those sex offenders  
            who do personally inflict the live, actual, sex crimes.   
            Adding people who do not personally commit the live, actual,  
            sex crimes will dilute the web site and not further its  
            purposes.

          "Also, the addition of indecent exposure (Penal Code Section  
            314) is unnecessary because many of these people will already  
            be registered, and many of the rest will not be the type of  
            person who should be on the Megan's Law web site because they  
            will never re-offend again.

          "The offenses that would be added to the Megan's law web site  
            would be violations of the following sections of the Penal  
            Code:

             a)   "Section 311.1

             b)   "Section 311.2.2

             c)   "Section 311.3.3

             d)   "Section 311.4.4

             e)   "Section 311.10.

             f)   "Section 311.11.









                                                                  AB 2781
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             g)   "Section 314.5

            "Obviously, the person who personally unlawfully used the  
            child to produce the pornography is guilty of the much greater  
            felony of child molestation, such as Penal Code section 288,  
            or worse.  Those people are already required to be published  
            on the Megan's law web site, because it is those people whom  
            society must be most aware.

            "But the child pornography offenses in the '311' series are  
            derivative.  While many of these offenses do, by the  
            definition in Penal Code section 311.3, subdivision (a),  
            involve 'sexual exploitation of a child,' they do not involve  
            personal production of the originals by personal live child  
            abuse.  The one section that does directly involve a child,  
            Penal Code section 311.4, does not involve the child in the  
            sex acts, but only in such derivative acts as sale or  
            distribution.  Publication of information about these people,  
            who have not inflicted personal, live, abuse, does not  
            accomplish the purpose of the Megan's law web site.

            "Two of these sections, Penal Code sections 311.1 and 311.2,  
            overtly contemplate that the guilty person probably did not  
            personally produce the material, but, instead, often initially  
            acquired it through email or internet.  That is why those two  
            sections specifically exempt telephone corporations from  
            liability for carrying or transmitting such message, or  
            related activities.  Penal Code sections 311, subdivision (d);  
            311.2, subdivision (g).

            "Likewise, the child pornography itself might actually have  
            been, originally, lawfully produced for such things as  
            'legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities,'  
            or by other methods of lawful production.  Four of these  
            sections expressly contemplate such lawful production.   That  
            is why these sections all have exceptions for such things as  
            'legitimate medical, scientific, or educational activities,'  
            or other methods of lawful production.  Penal Code section  
            311(b) and (c); Section 311.2(e); Section 311.4(e); section  
            311.11(d).

            "Of course, most child pornography will not have been lawfully  
            produced.  But regardless of whether the material was  
            initially produced lawfully or unlawfully, still, most felony  









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            violators of all these child pornography sections will not  
            have directly initially produced the material by personal  
            sexual exploitation of a child.

            "Because the child pornography offenses in the '311 series'  
            almost always do not involve the direct personal sexual  
            exploitation of a child, persons convicted of those offenses  
            should not be listed on the Megan's law web site.

            "As to indecent exposure in violation of Penal Code section  
            314, first-time offenses are misdemeanors.  While lewd intent  
            is required to violate Section 314, still, most first-time  
            offenders will simply be young people who, upon realizing the  
            consequences, will never do that again.

            "Most felony violators of Section 314 will be people who have  
            prior convictions of child molestation in violation of Penal  
            Code section 288, and will already be on the Megan's law web  
            site.

            "There will be few remaining people who commit a felony  
            violation by entering a dwelling house without consent and  
            indecently expose.  But to catch the very few remaining, this  
            bill casts too wide a net, by including many people who are  
            already registered, or who are not true sex offenders and will  
            never re-offend again."

           12)Prior Legislation  : 

             a)   SB 43 (Battin), of the 2005-06 Legislative Session, was  
               substantially similar to this bill.  SB 43 expanded the  
               Megan's Law Web site to include child pornography offenses.  
                SB 43 failed passage in this Committee.

             b)   AB 44(Parra), Chapter 745, Statutes of 2004, provided  
               that on or before July 1, 2005, sex offender registration  
               information shall be disseminated to the public through an  
               Internet Web site operated by the DOJ based on a tiered  
               classification system.

             c)   SB 422 (Florez), of the 2003-04 Legislative Session,  
               would have required the DOJ to provide a  
               publicly-accessible Internet Web page for the public  
               portion of the existing sex offender registry (Megan's  
               Registry).  SB 422 also sought to delete the requirement  









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               that DOJ provide the registry to law enforcement on CD-ROM;  
               require transmission of the information electronically  
               between January 1, 2004 and June30, 2004; and provide the  
               complete registry to law enforcement through the Web page  
               after that time.  SB 422 failed passage in the Senate  
               Appropriations Committee.

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs
          California Family Council
          California Peace Officers Association
          California Police Chiefs Association
          California Sexual Assault Investigators Association
          California State Sheriffs' Association
          Crime Victims United of California
          San Bernardino County Sheriff

           Opposition 
           
          California Attorneys for Criminal Justice
          California Public Defenders Association 
           

          Analysis Prepared by  :    Nicole J. Hanson / PUB. S. / (916)  
          319-3744