BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







           ---------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Hearing Date:April 14, 2008    |Bill No:SB                |
          |                               |1205                      |
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               SENATE COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS, PROFESSIONS AND ECONOMIC  
                                     DEVELOPMENT
                          Senator Mark Ridley-Thomas, Chair

                       Bill No:        SB 1205Author:Aanestad
                       As Amended:April 9, 2008 Fiscal:    Yes

          
          SUBJECT:   Veterinary medicine.
          
          SUMMARY:  Establishes an advisory committee to the  
          Veterinary Medical Board (VMB) to make recommendations to  
          the VMB regarding the implementation of rules and  
          regulations by the VMB; makes changes to the registered  
          veterinary technicians committee; clarifies that the  
          equivalent of education considered by the VMB must be  
          educational or a combination of education and clinical  
          experience; prioritizes cases handled by the VMB for  
          purposes of investigation and prosecution; provides  
          reasonable opportunity for a veterinarian to comply with  
          any deficiencies found during the VMB's inspection of their  
          premises; and,   for the VMB to cite for minor infractions,  
          rather than for negligence when a minor violation occurs.    
            

          Existing law:

          1)Provides for the licensing and regulation of  
            approximately 11,600 veterinarians and 3,700 registered  
            veterinary technicians (RVTs) by the VMB in the  
            Department of Consumer Affairs;  the VMB consists of  
            seven members, three of whom are public members, and that  
            members of the VMB shall hold office for a term of four  
            years.

          2)Provides that the VMB shall become inoperative on July 1,  
            2011, and as of January 1, 2012, is repealed.

          3)Provides that the VMB has authority to adopt, amend or  





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            repeal such rules and regulations as are reasonably  
            necessary to carry into effect the provisions of the  
            Veterinary Medicine Practice Act (Act).

          4)Provides that the VMB may at any time inspect the  
            premises in which veterinary medicine, veterinary  
            dentistry, or veterinary surgery is being practiced and  
            that the VMB shall establish a regular inspection program  
            which shall provide for random, unannounced inspections.

          5)Requires the VMB to establish an advisory committee on  
            issues pertaining to the practice of registered  
            veterinary technicians (RVTs) and vests the RVT Committee  
            with various powers and duties and requires the VMB to  
            give specified consideration to the recommendations of  
            the RVT Committee.

          6)Requires that an applicant for registration as an RVT  
            furnish satisfactory evidence of graduation from a 2-year  
            curriculum in veterinary technology in a college or  
            postsecondary institution approved by the VMB, or the  
            equivalent thereof as determined by the VMB.

          7)Authorizes the Executive Officer of the VMB, upon  
            completion of an investigation, to issue a citation to a  
            veterinarian or unlicensed person for violations of the  
            Act, as specified, and provides that each citation may  
            contain an order of abatement of the violation and may  
            contain an assessment of a civil penalty, but that before  
            any citation may be issued, the Executive Officer shall  
            submit the alleged violation for review and investigation  
            to at least one designee of the VMB who is a veterinarian  
            licensed in or employed by the state.

          8)Requires the VMB to adopt regulations covering the  
            assessment of civil penalties which give due  
            consideration to the appropriateness of the penalty with  
            respect to specified factors which include the gravity of  
            the violation, the good faith of the person charged and  
            the history of previous violations.   

          9)Authorizes the VMB to deny, revoke, or suspend a license  
            for various acts, including, but not limited to  
            unprofessional conduct, as specified. 







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          This bill:

          1)Requires the VMB to appoint a voluntary, advisory  
            multidisciplinary committee to assist, advice, and make  
            recommendations for the implementation of rules and  
            regulations of the VMB, and provides that appointments  
            shall be made from a list of nominees solicited by the  
            VMB.

          2)Provides that the multidisciplinary committee shall  
            become inoperative on July 1, 2011, and as of January 1,  
            2012, is repealed.

          3)Requires that the RVT Committee consist of  five  RVTs and  
            that appointment be for a term of three years and  
            staggered accordingly, that the RVT Committee meet no  
            more than three times annually except as authorized by  
            the VMB, and that the scope of the RVT Committee shall  
            not exceed the authority as provided in the current Act.

          4)Specifies that the equivalent of graduation from a 2-year  
            curriculum in veterinary technology from a school  
            approved by the VMB, be the  educational  equivalent or a  
            combination of  education  and  clinical practice experience   
            as determined by the VMB. 

          5)Requires the VMB to prioritize its investigative and  
            prosecutorial resources to ensure that veterinarians and  
            RVTs representing the greatest threat of harm are  
            identified and disciplined expeditiously, and specifies  
            priority cases including the  highest   priority  cases   
            identified as those involving negligence and  
            incompetence, that involve death or serious bodily injury  
            to an animal patient, animal cruelty, unlicensed  
            activity, drug or alcohol abuse and injury to animal  
            patient results, repeated acts of excessive prescribing  
            or furnishing or controlled substances, and practicing  
            veterinary medicine while under the influence of drugs or  
            alcohol.  

          6)Provides that the veterinarian who reviews a  
            complaint/citation before issuance of the citation by the  
            VMB be either a full-time or part-time veterinarian who  
            has not been out of practice for more than two years.

          7)Provides that if during an inspection by the VMB of a  





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            veterinarian's premises, as defined, that it is not in  
            compliance with the standards established by the VMB,  
            then the VMB shall provide a notice of any deficiencies  
            and provide a reasonable time for compliance with those  
            standards prior to commencing any further action against  
            the veterinarian such as a citation and fine.

          8)Allows the VMB to cite for minor infractions, rather than  
            for negligence every time a minor violation occurs.     


          FISCAL EFFECT:  Unknown.  This bill has been keyed "fiscal"  
          by Legislative Counsel.

          
          COMMENTS:
          
          1.Purpose.  The Sponsor of this bill is the  California  
            Veterinary Medical Association  (CVMA).  According to the  
            Sponsor, the purpose of this measure is to provide much  
            needed reforms to the VMB.  Specifically, the legislation  
            proposes to 1) establish priorities for enforcement  
            cases, 2) establish a more open and productive system of  
            reviewing and refining enforcement standards, thus  
            allowing the VMB to adequately train inspectors and  
            consultants, 
          4) create terms, limited appointments and structure for the  
            RVT Committee, and 5) allow flexibility in educational  
            standards for RVTs.

          CVMA argues that there have been problems with the VMB  
            using its inspection and enforcement authority and that  
            it has been haphazard and inconsistent for the last few  
            years.  CVMA indicates that currently the VMB has  
            contracted with two veterinarian consultants retained to  
            review cases involving complaints against veterinarians.   
            The consultants have wide, varying interpretations of the  
            law and have applied standards differently states CVMA.   
            In addition, the CVMA indicates that hospital facility  
            inspections are being conducted by RVTs, not  
            veterinarians, and these inspections are also wildly  
            inconsistent relative to their independent  
            "interpretation" of the law.  The perception of the  
            veterinary community, according to CVMA, is the VMB has  
            focused its enforcement efforts on small cases where they  
            can collect countless cite and fine revenues, instead of  





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            serious cases directly affecting consumer protection or  
            harm to an animal.


          In regards to the RVT Committee, the CVMA argues that there  
            was a failure to establish the number of appointments and  
            terms of this advisory committee when it was created ten  
            years ago and to place other specific statutory  
            requirements regarding their meetings and scope of the  
            committee's authority. The CVMA believes that because  
            this committee lacks some of these parameters it has  
            deviated significantly from their charge, which has led  
            to the introduction of wide-sweeping issues that have  
            taken the VMB off course. 

          2.Similar Legislation This Session.   SB 1584  (Padilla)  
            would allow an increase in the maximum amounts that the  
            VMB may set for certain specified fees and would delete  
            the provision of existing law requiring the VMB to set  
            and collect a fee for the national licensing examination,  
            and would require an application fee to be paid by a  
            school or institution seeking approval of RVT curriculum.  
              SB 1584 is set to be heard also in this hearing.

          3.Arguments in Opposition.  The  Veterinary Medical Board  is  
            opposed to this measure and argues that although the CVMA  
            is presenting this bill as a means to strengthen the  
            enforcement authority of the VMB, in actuality it dilutes  
            the authority of the VMB to take disciplinary action on  
            behalf of California consumers and animals for no   viable   
             reason  .  The VMB indicates that they have worked with the  
            profession and the CVMA on many practice issues including  
            a major update of the minimum standards of practice in  
            2004.  They are one of the first licensing board's to  
            implement a cite and fine program in 1990.  The VMB  
            agrees that a review of the program is appropriate and it  
            has initiated an audit of its citation and fine program  
            and added a discussion of the program to its April, 2008  
            meeting agenda.  The VMB indicates they are willing to  
            work with the profession and to explore alternate  
            solutions but are requesting a  no   vote  on the bill to  
            allow time for discussion of other options.

          The  California Registered Veterinary Technicians  
            Association  (CaRVTA) is also opposed to this measure and  
            argues that this bill is self-serving and bad for animals  





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            and for consumers because it will add new restrictions  
            that make it more difficult for the VMB to impose civil  
            penalties and fines on negligent and incompetent  
            practitioners, increase bureaucracy by appointment of a  
            new multidisciplinary committee to advise the VMB on  
            regulations, reduce consumer input by eliminating public  
            members on the RVT Committee, and with the Governor's  
            appointments required for the RVT Committee, would cause  
            the work of the committee to be curtailed.

          4.Recent Amendments Appear to Address Concerns of the VMB.   
            The recent amendments to this measure no longer requires  
            Governor appointments to the RVT Committee, it provides  
            instead that the VMB will still make appointments,  
            however it does change the composition of the RVT  
            Committee from 3 RVTs, 1 veterinarian and 1 public, to 5  
            RVT members.  Also, the requirements for when a civil  
            penalty or fine may be assessed have been clarified so  
            that there is an opportunity for a veterinarian to comply  
            with deficiencies found during an inspection by the VMB  
            of their premises, as defined, without having a fine  
            assessed against the practitioner, but that the VMB still  
            has authority to assess a fine or penalty when necessary.  
             

          Amendments also eliminated the terms "gross negligence" and  
            "repeated negligent acts as it related to actions taken  
            by the VMB for any unprofessional conduct of the  
            veterinarian.  Although this measure still creates a new  
            committee for the VMB, the amendments provide that this  
            committee shall be voluntary and advisory in nature as it  
            pertains to providing recommendations to the VMB  
            regarding implementation of its regulations.  The VMB has  
            raised the following concerns prior to additional  
            amendments made to this measure on April 9, 2008.  The  
            following reflects how the recent amendments have  
            addressed these concerns:

             a)   New Multidisciplinary Committee and Subcommittee to  
               Advise and Recommend on VMB Rules and Regulations.   
               The VMB argues that the provision for a new  
               multidisciplinary committee and subcommittee is  
               arbitrary, vague and unnecessary.  The VMB indicates  
               that it is unclear how the Board would determine what  
               is "adequate" and "proper" representation of "all"  
               persons affected by the veterinary law to serve on the  





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               committee and why a subcommittee would be needed to  
               deal directly with overseeing regulations of the VMB's  
               hospital inspection program.  They assert that based  
               on a questionnaire sent to hospitals there has been no  
               indication of problems with the VMB's inspection  
               program.  Also there would be expenses for the VMB in  
               serving these committees.

             The recent amendments clarified that committee would  
               only advise on the implementation of rules and  
               regulations of the VMB, not in the establishment of  
               rules and regulations and also eliminated the  
               requirements that the committee be made up of  
               "adequate and proper representation of all persons  
               affected by veterinary law."  Amendments also  
               eliminated the need to establish a subcommittee.   

             b)   Changes in the RVT Committee.  The VMB argues that  
               the intent of this proposed change is unclear.  The  
               changes create an artificial limit on the number of  
               committee meetings by specifying only three, and  
               curtails the number that serve on this Committee by  
               eliminating a veterinarian and a public member and  
               limiting the Committee to only 3 RVTs.  It is  
               important for this Committee to be balanced since it  
               is a working committee whose members assist in  
               preparing RVT examinations, participate in school  
               inspections and assist the VMB in issues related to  
               the RVT profession.
             The VMB recommends either maintaining the existing  
               composition of this committee or eliminating the  
               committee entirely and adding two RVTs to the VMB  
               rather than arbitrarily changing the current  
               composition.  The VMB also indicates that the notice  
               requirement of two weeks for RVT Committee meetings  
               would be in conflict with the Bagley Keene Act.

             The recent amendments changed the number of members on  
               the RVT Committee from 3 to 5, but does not require a  
               public member or veterinarian to be a member of that  
               Committee. This is consistent with other practitioner  
               committees of other boards which are made up of  
               practitioners within the classification only and do  
               not include public members since they are not  
               considered as consumer boards but are only advisory  
               committees to the board. 





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             c)   Prioritization of Investigative and Prosecutorial  
               Resources.  The VMB is not opposed to prioritizing its  
               disciplinary authority; however, it is unclear why in  
               its consumer protection role, the VMB would wait for  
               "repeated acts" of negligence to take action.  In  
               addition, this language does not include the VMB  
               mandate to protect the public and animals in cases of  
               animal cruelty, deemed by the VMB in its Disciplinary  
               Guidelines, to be the most egregious offense that any  
               veterinarian can commit.

             The recent amendments eliminated the "repeated negligent  
               acts" standard and the prioritization list now  
               includes animal cruelty.

             d)   Assessment of Civil Penalty "Upon Failure to Comply  
               with Citation."  The VMB believes that the amendment  
               which provides for assessment of a civil penalty "upon  
               failure to comply with the terms of the citation after  
               the time period allotted for compliance has expired"  
               is unclear as to whether there can be no order of  
               abatement and/or fine until after the veterinarian is  
               provided with the opportunity to first come into  
               compliance.  This would mean a letter of caution and  
               follow up by enforcement staff to ensure compliance  
               and could result in a huge fiscal impact for the VMB  
               and licensees or no remedy for consumers.

             The recent amendments clarify that the ability of a  
               veterinarian to comply with deficiencies found during  
               an inspection of their premises no longer involves the  
               VMB's fine authority.  The amendments do, however,  
               provide the veterinarian with a reasonable time to  
               comply with the deficiencies before the VMB can cite  
               and fine the licensee.

             e)   Requirement for Complaint/Citation to be Reviewed  
               by "Current, Practicing" Veterinarian.  The VMB  
               indicates that it is greatly assisted by licensees who  
               are retired or working part time who are able to  
               assist in the initial complaint process.  They must  
               have a current license and be current with continuing  
               education and therefore authorized to practice at all  
               times.  It is difficult to find veterinarians who are  
               currently practicing full time.  Restricting the VMB's  





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               authority to choose consultants for complaint review  
               will have a significant negative impact on the  
               consumer complaint review process, the length of time  
               involved in the process and would increase the cost of  
               the complaint review dramatically.

             The recent amendments eliminated the "current,  
               practicing" requirement and now states that the  
               veterinarian who reviews complaints/citations be  
               either full time or part time and not been out of  
               practice for more than two years.  

             f)   Unprofessional Conduct Includes "Gross Negligence,  
               Negligence, or Incompetence."  The VMB argues that it  
               is unclear why the CMVA wants to place gross  
               negligence, negligence or incompetence into the  
               generic "unprofessional conduct" heading unless it is  
               an attempt to undermine the VMB's authority to protect  
               consumers and animals and to soften the affect of  
               stated violation for purposes of public disclosure.   
               Negligence and incompetence are serious stand-alone  
               violations that the VMB currently has the authority to  
               cite specifically under Section 4883 (i) of the  
               Business and Professions Code.  The VMB recommends  
               that the standard of "gross negligence" be added to  
               the current authority under 4883 (i), not under the  
               generic heading of "unprofessional conduct." 

             The recent amendments deleted both the "gross  
               negligence" and "repeated negligent acts" standards  
               and maintains the negligence standard for pursuing  
               disciplinary action against a veterinarian. 
           

          NOTE:   Double-referral to Senate Judiciary Committee  
          (second).  Recent amendments remove the concerns of the  
          Judiciary Committee regarding the use of the terms "gross  
          negligence" and "repeated negligent acts" in the context of  
          unprofessional conduct or in setting priorities for the VMB  
          in pursuing its enforcement actions.   Once the Judiciary  
          Committee receives this measure it will more than likely be  
          withdrawn and re-referred to Appropriations Committee.
          

          SUPPORT AND OPPOSITION:
          





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           Support:  

          California Veterinary Medical Association (Sponsor)

            Opposition:  

           California Registered Veterinary Technicians Association
           California Veterinary Medical Board



          Consultant: Bill Gage