BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                         SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                              Gloria Romero, Chair
                           2009-2010 Regular Session
                                        

          BILL NO:       AB 8
          AUTHOR:        Brownley
          AMENDED:       June 30, 2009
          FISCAL COMM:   Yes            HEARING DATE:  July 15, 2009
          URGENCY:       No             CONSULTANT:Kathleen Chavira

           SUBJECT  :  Education Finance
          
           SUMMARY  

          This bill requires the Director of Finance and the  
          Legislative Analyst to convene a working group to make  
          findings and recommendations to the Legislature and the  
          Governor regarding the implementation of a restructured  
          school finance system and outlines the specific  
          responsibilities of the working group.

           BACKGROUND  

          In March of 2007, Stanford University researchers released  
          the "Getting Down to Facts" studies that were requested by  
          state leadership in order to answer the following  
          questions:

     1)   What do California school finance and governance systems  
               look like today?

     2)   How can we use the resources that we have more effectively  
               to improve student outcomes?

     3)   To what extent are additional resources needed so that  
               California's students can meet the goals that we have  
               for them?

          The 22 Getting Down to Facts studies were considered by the  
          Governor's Committee on Education Excellence, which issued  
          their report in March of 2008.  The Committee was charged  
          with focusing on four areas: 

             1)   Finance: the efficiency and sufficiency of  
               education funding; 




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             2)   Governance: the functioning and effectiveness of  
               governance structures;

             3)   Teaching: teacher recruitment, training, support,  
               and compensation; and 

             4)   Administration: the preparation, support, and  
               retention of education leaders. 

          In conducting its work, the Committee expanded its work to  
          also focus on data and information systems that can support  
          instruction and Early Childhood Education: early learning  
          experiences that prepare children for success.  

          Current law also requires that three school districts in  
          the Santa Cruz area receive a revenue limit adjustment that  
          equalizes funding among the districts participating in an  
          inter-district attendance agreement for middle school  
          pupils. The funding provided for this arrangement  
          constitutes a transfer in general purpose funding among the  
          districts.

           ANALYSIS
           
           This bill  :

          1)   Requires the Director of Finance and the Legislative  
               Analyst to convene a working group to make findings  
               and recommendations to the Legislature and the  
               Governor regarding the implementation of a  
               restructured school finance system, as specified.

          2)   Requires that the working group:

                    a)             Include representatives of the  
                    Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction,  
                    and majority and minority staff of the  
                    appropriate policy and fiscal committees of the  
                    Assembly and Senate.

                    b)             Consult with or invite  
                    participation of organizations or experts it  
                    deems appropriate.

                    c)             Consider and give weight to  




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                    research, findings, and recommendations already  
                    conducted, as specified.

                    d)             Make findings and recommendations  
                    regarding: 

                           i)                  Alternative funding  
                         structures that are simple, rational and  
                         equitable, predictable and stable, that  
                         reflect the cost of educating students with  
                         varied needs, that support accountability,  
                         facilitate reporting of financial data,  
                         allocation of consistent additional  
                         resources based upon student and district  
                         characteristics, that recognize the  
                         financial consequences of enrollment growth  
                         and decline, and that reinforce academic  
                         goals in the public schools. 

                           ii)     A means of transitioning to the  
                         new structure(s), only as increased funding  
                         become available, including necessary  
                         conditions for transition, timing, the  
                         extent to which local educational agencies  
                         (LEAs) are held harmless, an equalization  
                         component, and the timing and method for  
                         elimination of unnecessary statutory or  
                         budgetary elements of the current funding  
                         structure. 

                           iii)    Policy and fiscal implications of  
                         the alternative funding structure(s)  
                         including costs of implementation, equity  
                         considerations, creation or elimination of  
                         incentives or disincentives, and governance  
                         considerations.

                           iv)     Modifications to the standardized  
                         account code structure to provide  
                         school-level reports on revenues and  
                         expenditures.

                           v)                  An evaluation  
                         mechanism, as specified. 

                    e)             Present its findings and  




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                    recommendations to the Legislature and the  
                    Governor by December 1, 2010.

          3)   Requires that any unabsorbed costs incurred by the  
               working group be paid from nonstate funds donated or  
               granted for that purpose.

          4)   Repeals, as of January 1, 2011, a current law  
               requirement that three school districts in the Santa  
               Cruz area receive a revenue limit adjustment that  
               equalizes funding among the districts participating in  
               an inter-district attendance agreement for middle  
               school pupils.  

           STAFF COMMENTS  

           1)   Drafting error  .  This bill was recently amended to add  
               a provision repealing an existing authority to grant  
               the Santa Cruz area districts a revenue limit  
               adjustment.  According to the author, it was the  
               intent to incorporate a repeal of Education Code  
               section 42238.21, not 42238.22.  Education code  
               section 42238.21 contains an obsolete revenue limit  
               adjustment which was required for the Newport-Mesa  
               Unified School District for    996-97 only.  Staff  
               recommends the bill be amended to delete Section 3 of  
               the bill and replace it with language that amends and  
               thereby repeals Education Code section 42238.21 with  
               the following language: This section shall remain in  
               effect only until July 1, 2010, and, as of January 1,  
               2011, is repealed, unless a later enacted statute,  
               that is enacted before January 1, 2011, deletes or  
               extends that date.

           2)   Need for the bill  .  Two major studies in the last two  
               years have addressed the need for school finance  
               reform.  According to the author, this bill creates a  
               mechanism for turning the broad, conceptual policy  
               proposals which came out of these studies into more  
               specific findings and recommendations which can be  
               debated and proposed for legislative action.  The bill  
               creates a working group comprised of representatives  
               of all policy makers, together with stakeholders and  
               experts, to make recommendations regarding the means  
               for transitioning into a new funding system.  At the  
               same time, recognizing that the current fiscal  




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               environment makes it virtually impossible to undertake  
               any major restructuring, AB 8 calls for an approach  
               that allows for the transition over time and applies  
               any new funding structures to increases in funding  
               only, ensuring that no district would lose funding as  
               a result of the transition process.  According to the  
               author, this bill would "provide policymakers with a  
               comprehensive plan to reform the current education  
               finance system to leverage and support pupil  
               achievement by making California's funding system  
               simpler, more transparent, and more effective."  

           3)   Working group in statute  ?  Is statutory language  
               necessary to convene of DOF and LAO to accomplish  
               legislative goals?  Is this type of request better  
               handled through supplemental budget language?  Since  
               the activity outlined in the bill is not directly  
               linked to an individual budget item, statutory  
               language may be more appropriate.  More importantly,  
               the bill outlines a number of parameters to guide the  
               recommendations being developed by the working group.   
               Statutory language provides an opportunity for the  
               legislature to review and refine these parameters as  
               resources become available to consider the  
               implementation of a restructured education finance  
               system.
           
          4)   Fiscal impact  .  The bill assumes that costs for the  
               working group can be absorbed by the participating  
               entities and provides that any costs that cannot be  
               absorbed be paid from donated nonstate funds.   
               According to the Assembly Appropriations analysis,  
               costs for the working group are likely less than  
               $100,000 for the Department of Finance and Legislative  
               Analyst Office to convene the group.  However, if the  
               bill leads to a transition funding mechanism and  
               increased K-12 funding the General Fund cost pressures  
               would be significant. 

          5)     Prior legislation  .  AB 2159 (Brownley) would have  
               established a Funding and Accountability Commission  
               for Transparency and Simplicity (FACTS) to provide  
               policymakers with a comprehensive plan to reform the  
               education finance system.  The commission was composed  
               of an unspecified number of members representing the  
               education and business communities, parents and the  




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               research community with expertise in educational  
               policy and best practices.  By contrast, AB 8 creates  
               a working group comprised of representatives of state  
               policy makers, together with stakeholders and experts.  
                AB 2159 was held in the Senate Rules Committee in  
               August 2008.

           SUPPORT  

          Antioch Unified School District
          Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Promoting Advocacy and  
          Leadership
          Bay Area PLAN
          Books Not Bars
          California Acorn
          California Association of School Business Officials
          California Federation of Teachers
          Californians for Justice
          Gay-Straight Alliance Network
          PICO California
          Public Advocates
          San Francisco Unified School District
          Youth Together

           OPPOSITION

           None received.