BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                           Senator Ellen M. Corbett, Chair
                              2009-2010 Regular Session


          AB 1070                                                     
          Assemblymember Hill                                         
          As Amended June 23, 2009
          Hearing Date: July 14, 2009                                 
          Business and Professions Code; Government Code              
          GMO:jd                                                      
                                                                      

                                        SUBJECT
                                           
                         Physicians:  Reporting Requirements
                           to the California Medical Board

                                      DESCRIPTION  

          This bill, sponsored by the Medical Board of California (MBC),  
          would make various changes to the rules relating to the  
          reporting of settlements of over $30,000, arbitration awards of  
          any amount, or civil judgments of any amount to the California  
          Medical Board, the Osteopathic Medical Board of California, or  
          the California Board of Podiatric Medicine by licensees and  
          others.  It would extend the sunset date of a vertical  
          enforcement and prosecution model and the Health Quality  
          Enforcement Division within the Department of Justice to July 1,  
          2012.

                                      BACKGROUND  

          The MBC regulates and licenses physicians in the state.  It is  
          empowered to issue, revoke, suspend, or limit the license to  
          practice of any physician, in order to achieve its legislative  
          purpose to protect the public.  To date, the MBC regulates  
          125,612 physicians and surgeons, of which 97,878 reside in  
          California.  The MBC investigates complaints against physicians  
          and adopts final decisions in disciplinary matters against  
          physicians and surgeons.

          Existing law requires that licensees, insurers providing  
          professional liability insurance to licensees, and governmental  
          agencies that self-insure licensees report settlements of over  
          $30,000, arbitration awards of any amount, or civil judgments in  
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          any amount to the Medical Board of California.  It specifies the  
          form and the information that must be reported. (Bus. and Prof.   
          Code Sec. 801.01).

          According to the MBC, in certain settings, when a person  
          sustains injury resulting from services rendered by professional  
          staff, a hospital or an insurance group may offer a patient an  
          amount of money to cover the cost of future treatments in order  
          to eliminate the certainty of a possibly unnecessary malpractice  
          claim.  When such an action is taken, the matter is not reported  
          to the MBC because it does not fit into the reporting  
          requirements under the present rules.  The MBC contends that  
          these cases should still be investigated if the injury is  
          alleged to have occurred due to the actions of a physician and  
          surgeon.  The MBC proposes to clarify this and some other rules  
          related to its consumer protection purposes.

          AB 1070 was heard in the Committee on Business, Professions and  
          Economic Development on June 29, 2009, passed on a 7 to 3 vote  
          and referred to this committee. 

                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
           
           Reports submitted under Business and Professions Code Section  
            801.01
           
          1.    Existing law  provides for the Medical Board of California  
            (MBC) to license, regulate, and discipline physicians and  
            surgeons in California and states that the protection of the  
            public is the highest priority of the MBC in exercising its  
            functions. (Bus. and Prof. Code Sec. 2000 et seq.)

             Existing law  requires a complete report to be sent to the MBC,  
            the Osteopathic Medical Board of California (OMBC), or the  
            California Board of Podiatric Medicine (CBPM) on any  
            settlement of over $30,000, an arbitration award of any  
            amount, or a civil judgment of any amount of a claim or action  
            for damages for death or injury caused by a licensee's alleged  
            negligence, error or omission in practice or by the rendering  
            of unauthorized professional services. (Bus. and Prof. Code  
            Sec. 801.01.  All references are to this Code unless otherwise  
            indicated.)

             This bill  would make legislative findings and declarations  
            that existing law requiring the reporting of settlements over  
            $30,000 and arbitration or civil judgments of any amount is  
                                                                      



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            essential to the protection of the public and that the  
            reporting requirements are intended to be interpreted broadly  
            in order to expand reporting obligations.

          2.    Existing law  requires the report required by Sec. 801.01 to  
            come from the insurer providing professional liability  
            insurance to the involved licensee, the licensee or his or her  
            counsel if the licensee does not have professional liability  
            insurance, or a state or local government agency that  
            self-insures the licensee.  The report must be made within 30  
            days of the written settlement agreement, the service of the  
            arbitration award, or the entry of a civil judgment. (Sec.  
            801.01(d).) 

             This bill  would expressly declare the University of California  
            as a state agency that self-insures a licensee and is  
            therefore required to make Sec. 801.1 reports.

          3.   Existing law  requires an insurer to notify a claimant or  
            claimant's counsel that the insurer has sent the report to the  
            MBC, the OMBC, or the CBPM and if the notice was not received  
            within 45 days of the specified date the settlement,  
            arbitration award, or judgment was entered, the claimant or  
            claimant's counsel is required to make the report.  Failure to  
            comply with this provision carries a penalty of not less than  
            $50 nor more than $500 per offense, and a penalty of not less  
            than $5,000 nor more than $50,000 for a knowing and  
            intentional failure to comply or a conspiracy or collusion not  
            to comply with this notification requirement. (Sec. 801.01(e)  
            and (f).)

             This bill  would make this provision applicable to any entity  
            or licensee required to make the report to the MBC, OMBC, or  
            CBPM.  

             This bill  would increase the civil penalty for a violation of  
            this provision from a fine of not less than $50 and not more  
            than $500, to not less than $500 and not more than $5,000, and  
            would remove all penalties for a knowing or intentional  
            failure to comply or conspiracy not to comply.

          4.    Existing law  authorizes the MBC, OMBC, and the CBPM to  
            develop a prescribed form for this Sec. 801.01 report, and  
            requires specified information to be included in the report.  
            (Sec. 801.01(h).)

                                                                      



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            This bill would include, in addition to the information  
            required under existing law, the following:
             (1)  in the description of the facts of each claim, charge or  
               allegation, the licensee's role in the care or professional  
               services provided to the patient with respect to those  
               services at issue in the claim or action;
             (2)  a copy of the award document (settlement, judgment or  
               arbitration award).

          5.    Existing law  requires a state or local governmental agency  
            that self insures licensees to make the Sec. 801.01 report  
            within 30 days of the settlement, award, or judgment, as  
            specified. (Sec. 801.01(b)(3).) 

             This bill  would require the state or local governmental agency  
            to do all of the following with respect to each licensee who  
            will be identified in the report:
             (1)  provide a written notice that the agency intends to  
               submit a report identifying the licensee, the specific  
               reasons for identifying the licensee and the amount of the  
               settlement or award apportioned to the licensee.  All  
               records used to determine this information would be  
               provided with this notice.
             (2)  advise the licensee that he or she may provide a  
               response and supporting materials within 10 days of  
               receiving the notice;
             (3)  provide the licensee, with five days' prior notice, the  
               opportunity to personally present arguments to the body  
               that will make the final decision whether or not to  
               identify the licensee in the report.

             This bill  would provide that the requirements for notice to  
            licensees as stated above shall not be construed to modify the  
            contents of the report or the timeframe for the filing of the  
            report.
           Miscellaneous provisions related to enforcement by the board

           6.    Existing law  prohibits the president of the MBC from  
            participating as a member of the enforcement and disciplinary  
            panel of the board. (Sec. 2008.)

             This bill  would permit the president of the MBC to be on that  
            panel if there is a vacancy in the membership of the MBC.
           
           7.    Existing law  requires that medical records of a patient  
            requested by the MBC to be produced by licensees or health  
                                                                      



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            care facilities, when accompanied by the patient's written  
            authorization for release of the records to the board, within  
            15 days of receipt of the request, or face a civil penalty of  
            $1,000 per day after the court orders such documents to be  
            produced, payable to the board. (Sec. 2225.5.)

             This bill  would require that the records produced be certified  
            (as specified by the board), and place a $10,000 cap on the  
            amount of the civil penalty authorized.

          8.    Existing law  authorizes the MBC to take specified  
            disciplinary actions or impose specified penalties on a  
            licensee, including suspension or revocation of the license,  
            probation, public reprimand and, if desired, a requirement  
            that the licensee complete educational courses, and any other  
            conditions of probation. (Sec. 2227.)

             This bill  would allow an administrative law judge who heard  
            the matter before the Medical Quality Hearing Panel to  
            recommend, as a disciplinary action of the board, the public  
            reprimand of the licensee, accompanied by a requirement that  
            the licensee complete educational courses approved by the  
            board.

          9.    Existing law  requires the MBC to request a licensed  
            physician and surgeon to report to the board at the time of  
            license renewal, any specialty board certification the  
            licensee holds that is issued by a member board of the  
            American Board of Medical specialties, in addition to other  
            specified information. (Sec. 2425.3)

             This bill  would require that all of this information also be  
            provided immediately upon issuance of an initial license by  
            the MBC.

          10.  This bill  makes findings and declarations relating to  
            various types of risk management programs that encourage early  
            intervention in order to address known complications and other  
            unanticipated events requiring medical care, and where  some  
            entities even provide financial assistance to individual  
            patients to help them address these unforeseen health care  
            concerns.  (Proposed Sec. 804.5)

             This bill  declares the Legislature's intent not to allow such  
            financial assistance to limit the interaction of the patient  
            with, or interfere with that patient's rights before, the MBC.
                                                                      



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             This bill  would prohibit the inclusion of any of the following  
            provisions in any program of early intervention, patient  
            safety, or risk management, or in any contracts for these  
            programs:
             (1)  a provision that prohibits the patient from contacting  
               or cooperating with the board;
             (2)  a provision that prohibits the patient from filing a  
               complaint with the board;
             (3)  a provision that requires a patient to withdraw a  
               complaint that has already been filed with the board.

           Vertical enforcement and prosecution model program
           
          11.  This bill  would extend. from July 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012,  
            the sunset date of the statute allowing the vertical  
            enforcement and prosecution model used by the MBC and the  
            Department of Justice, and would repeal the statute as of  
            January 1, 2013, unless extended by a later statute or  
            repealed by another statute that becomes operative on or  
            before January 1, 2013. (Sec. 2006.)

          12.  This bill  would add, to the provisions relating to the  
            vertical enforcement and prosecution model, a requirement that  
            the MBC establish and implement a plan to assist in team  
            building between the board's staff and the health Quality  
            Enforcement Section of the Department of Justice "in order to  
            ensure a common and consistent knowledge base." (Sec. 12529.6)

                                        COMMENT
           
          1.    Need for the bill

           The sponsor of this bill, the Medical Board of California (MBC),  
          states that the provisions in AB 1070 are intended to ensure  
          that MBC continues to protect the health care of consumers.  MBC  
          points out that current law leaves room for interpretation of  
          laws governing reporting requirements for licensees and others,  
          and that MBC cannot effectively protect consumers if reporting  
          is not consistent and enforced.  The MBC is particularly  
          concerned where patients who sustain injury from services  
          rendered by professional staff are offered sums of money to  
          cover future treatments, in order to bypass the need for filing  
          a malpractice claim.  Although this practice may not be  
          prohibited by law, MBC argues that this activity does not negate  
          the need for MBC to investigate if the injury allegedly occurred  
                                                                      



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          due to actions of a licensee (physician and surgeon).  "The  
          intent of reporting malpractice settlements, judgments, or  
          arbitration awards to MBC is to ensure consumer protection by  
          reviewing the care and treatment [provided by] the physician and  
          surgeon involved in the care provided to the patient."

          As to the extended power of the administrative law judge hearing  
          a disciplinary matter, 
          MBC points out that this would prevent the board from having to  
          go through the process of modifying a recommendation made by an  
          administrative judge.  The other provisions of AB 1070 are  
          designed to expedite the review and investigation process of  
          reported incidents.

          2.    Author's proposed amendments

           The author has submitted the following amendments to the bill  
          for consideration by the committee:
             a.   Remove the strict deadlines for a state agency to  
               provide notice, time to respond, and an opportunity for a  
               personal presentation before the body that will determine  
               whether or not a licensee would be identified in a report  
               to the MBC, and replace them with a procedure that gives  
               the licensee a reasonable opportunity to respond after  
               receiving notice, and an opportunity to personally present  
               arguments to the body that will make the decision whether  
               or not to identify the licensee, all within the 30 day  
               window prior to the report being made.
             b.  Provide an option for a licensed physician and surgeon to  
               decline to state in the report his or her cultural  
               background and foreign language proficiency.
             c.   Make other technical amendments.

          3.    Increased civil penalties for failure to comply

           This bill would increase the civil penalty assessable against a  
          licensee or his or her lawyer, an insurer providing professional  
          liability insurance to the licensee, and a state or local  
          governmental agency that self-insures the licensee, for failure  
          to comply with the reporting requirements of Section 801.01,  
          from a fine of not less than $50 and not more than $500, to not  
          less than $500 and not more than $5,000.  The bill also would  
          remove all penalties for a knowing or intentional failure to  
          comply or conspiracy not to comply.  
           
          4.    State and local agencies that self-insure licensees  are  
                                                                      



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            required to give written notice to licensee prior to reporting  
            to MBC;  UC is a state agency for this purpose  

          Section 801.01 requires a complete report to the MBC, and  
          prescribes the contents of the report.  The information required  
          to be reported include the names and last known business and  
          residential address of every licensee who was alleged to have  
          acted improperly, whether or not that person was a named  
          defendant in the action and whether or not the person was  
          required to pay any damages pursuant to settlement, arbitration,  
          or judgment.  Besides clarifying some of the provisions of the  
          statutes that govern the reporting of settlements, arbitration  
          awards, or civil judgments under this section, this bill would  
          establish a new procedure for state and local agencies that  
          self-insure licensees for professional liability.  

          The new procedure for state and local agencies that self-insure  
          licensees (such as the UC hospitals, county hospitals, state  
          facilities where medical services are provided) calls for the  
          agency to give written notice to a licensee who will be  
          identified in a report.  The written notice would include all  
          supporting records used to make the decision to include that  
          person in the report, and advise that the licensee may, within  
          10 days of receiving the notice, provide a written response to  
          the agency and written materials in support of the licensee's  
          position.  The agency shall include the materials  provided in  
          the report made to the board.  The bill also would require the  
          agency to give the licensee, after giving at least five days'  
          prior written notice, with the opportunity to personally present  
          his or her arguments before the body that will make the final  
          decision to submit a report

          This process, which could take up to 27 days of the 30 days'  
          time within which a report must be submitted, could become  
          problematic in case time runs short.  For example, the  
          settlement agreement is executed by all parties on July 3, a  
          Friday.  On Monday, the state agency sends a written notice to  
          three licensees who were part of the team that operated on  
          patient.  If sent by first class mail, the notice will be deemed  
          served five days after it was placed in the U.S. mail under Code  
          of Civil Procedure 1013. If the licensee receives it on July 10  
          (7 days from July 3) and waits until the 9th day after receiving  
          the written notice, the calendar date would already be July 18.   
          If sent by courier to the MBC and received on July 20 (since  
          July 19 is a Sunday), the agency will only have 13 days, of  
          which four days are weekend days,  to review the response.   
                                                                      



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          During this 13 day period, the agency may decide to give the  
          licensee an opportunity to present himself or herself to the  
          body that would make the final decision, but must give the  
          licensee at least five days' notice of that hearing.  Assuming  
          the response is reviewed within two days, the agency can send a  
          written notice to licensee on July 22, for a hearing on Monday,  
          July 27.  The agency will then have four days to prepare the  
          report for submittal by August 1, the 30th day from the date the  
          settlement was signed.

          Can a state agency move this quickly in order to meet these  
          self-imposed deadlines that could be of great consequence to a  
          licensee?  Should the deadlines for the written notices and  
          responses be left to the state agency to determine for itself?

           Suggested amendment:  Especially because this new procedure is  
          not supposed to affect the contents and  timeframe for  
          submitting reports to the MBC, the author may consider removing  
          the tight deadlines within this provision, and simply require  
          that within that 30 day period, the state agency shall notify  
          the licensee proposed to be identified and provide the licensee  
          with the reasonable opportunity to respond in writing or in  
          person or both, as long as the process is completed before the  
          end of that 30 day period.  Further, each state or local agency  
          that self-insures licensees may have different capabilities in  
          terms of this process, which is the reason the deadlines may be  
          unrealistic.

          Author's amendments noted in Comment 2 addresses these concerns.  
           

          For purposes of Section 801.01 reports, the University of  
          California, constitutionally not a part of any branch of  
          government, would be considered a state governmental agency for  
          purposes of the reporting required.  The UC operates several  
          hospitals, campus clinics, and other medical facilities.  It has  
          been deemed a state agency for specific purposes by many  
          statutes, such as the California Whistleblower Protection Act  
          and the California Public Records Act.  Thus, AB 1070 would  
          clarify that the University of California is subject to the  
          reporting requirements of Section 801.01.

          5.   Prohibitions in contracts to deter malpractice claims
           
          According to the MBC, the practice by some larger entities to  
          engage in risk management programs that involve "early  
                                                                      



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          intervention" activities, such as payment of money to patients  
          injured by professional staff within the entities' facilities,  
          seems to be growing.  Since such arrangements occur outside of a  
          formal complaint, the terms of those claims settlements are not  
          disclosed to the MBC (because there is no direct requirement in  
          the statute that those arrangements be reported).  This bill  
          would close that gap by prohibiting certain practices that seem  
          to have fostered the secrecy behind those arrangements.

          Thus AB 1070 would prohibit the inclusion of the following, in  
          connection with those early intervention programs or contracts:
           a provision prohibiting a patient or patients from contacting  
            or cooperating with the MBC;
           a provision prohibiting a patient or patients from filing a  
            complaint with the MBC; and
           a provision requiring a patient or patients to withdraw a  
            complaint that has been filed with the MBC.

          This bill also contains specific findings and declarations  
          relating to this practice, as follows:

            The Legislature recognizes that various types of entities  
                                                                              are creating, implementing, and maintaining patient safety  
            and risk management programs that encourage early  
            intervention in order to address known complications and  
            other unanticipated events requiring medical care.  The  
            Legislature recognizes that some entities even provide  
            financial assistance to individual patients to help them  
            address unforeseen health care concerns.  It is the intent  
            of the Legislature, however, that such financial assistance  
            not limit a patient's interaction with, or his or her rights  
            before, the Medical Board of California.

          6.   Production of Patient Medical Records  

          Under current law, a licensee that fails or refuses to comply  
          with a request for medical records of a patient, that is  
          accompanied by the patient's written authorization for release  
          of records to MBC, within 15 days of receiving the request and  
          authorization, must pay MBC a civil penalty of $1,000 for each  
          day that the documents are not produced after the 15th day,  
          unless there is good cause for the failure.  A health care  
          facility that fails to produce patient medical records within 30  
          days of receipt of the request could be levied a civil penalty  
          of up to $1,000 per day that documents are not produced after  
          the 30th day, up to $10,000.  If a request to produce records is  
                                                                      



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          made pursuant to a court order, issued in the enforcement of a  
          subpoena, the offense is a misdemeanor and the same monetary  
          penalties apply. 

          This bill would require that the medical records produced be  
          certified and would define certified medical records.  According  
          to the MBC, when it requests medical records upon a patient's  
          initial complaint, certified records are requested, but are not  
          always provided by the licensee.  However, even though the  
          initial review can be performed without certified medical  
          records, should the review turn into a full-blown investigation,  
          MBC will need certified copies of the medical records.  In order  
          to avoid this two-step process of obtaining certified medical  
          records, then, this bill would require that certified records be  
          produced when requested.  

          7.    Vertical enforcement and prosecution: MBC and the DOJ HQES:  
          sharing the burden

           SB 1950 (Figueroa, Ch. 1085, Stats. 2002), among other  
          provisions, required the appointment of an independent  
          enforcement monitor to evaluate MBC's enforcement system and  
          establish a priority system for the investigation of complaints  
          against physicians.  The Monitor's 2004 report, Initial Report  
          of the Medical Board Enforcement Program, made numerous findings  
          and 65 specific recommendations for reform, including the  
          utilization of a vertical prosecution model for physicians'  
          disciplinary cases.  Vertical prosecution allows lawyers and  
          investigators to view each case as a whole, rather than as two,  
          separate and independent sequential steps: the investigation and  
          then the prosecution.  According to the Monitor, the vertical  
          prosecution model would improve efficiency and reduce case cycle  
          time, ensuring the quality and safety of medical care to  
          Californians.  

          SB 231 (Figueroa, Ch. 674, Stats. 2005) codified many of the  
          Monitor's recommendations, including the use of the vertical  
          prosecution model effective January 1, 2006.  SB 231 also  
          required MBC to report and make recommendations to the Governor  
          and the Legislature on the vertical prosecution model by July 1,  
          2007. The model program was to sunset in 2009, but SB 797  
          (Ridley-Thomas, Ch. 33, Stats. 2008) extended this program to  
          July 1, 2010, with a report due on July 1, 2009.   
             
          This bill would move the sunset date of this program from July  
          1, 2010 to July 1, 2012, and include, in the mandate to the  
                                                                      



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          Attorney General's Health Quality Enforcement Section (HQES)  
          authorized by SB 231, the ongoing review of investigative  
          activities it conducts to support the prosecution of proceedings  
          against licensees and applicants within the jurisdiction of the  
          MBC, the California Board of Podiatric medicine, the Board of  
          Psychology, or any committee under the jurisdiction of the MBC.

          The bill also would require the MBC to, among other current  
          duties with respect to the vertical enforcement and prosecution  
          program, establish and implement a plan to assist in team  
          building between its enforcement staff and the staff of the HQES  
          in order to ensure a common and consistent knowledge base.

          Finally, with the extension of the sunset date, the MBC would  
          also be required to produce a report by March 1, 2011, in  
          consultation with the DOJ and the Department of Consumer  
          Affairs, on the vertical enforcement and prosecution model.
           

          Support  :  None Known

           Opposition  :  None Known
                                           
                                       HISTORY
           
           Source  :  Medical Board of California (sponsor)

           Related Pending Legislation  :  None Known

           
          Prior Legislation  :

          SB 797 (Ridley-Thomas, Ch. 33, Stats. 2008).  See Comment 6.
          SB 231 (Figueroa, Ch.. 674, Stats. 2005).  See Comment 7.
          SB 1950 (Figueroa, Ch. 1085, Stats. 2002).  See Comment 6

           Prior Vote  :

          Assembly Business and Professions Committee (Ayes 7, Noes 2)
          Assembly Appropriations Committee (Ayes 12, Noes 4)
          Assembly Floor (Ayes 48, Noes 30)
          Senate Business, Professions and Economic Development Committee  
          (Ayes 7, Noes 3)

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