BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                       



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          |SENATE RULES COMMITTEE            |                  SB 1038|
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                                    CONSENT


          Bill No:  SB 1038
          Author:   Harman (R)
          Amended:  4/26/10
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE  :  4-0, 5/4/10
          AYES:  Corbett, Harman, Hancock, Leno
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Walters


           SUBJECT  :    Powers of attorney:  duties

           SOURCE  :     Conference of California Bar Associations


           DIGEST  :    This bill deletes existing laws exemption  
          providing that an attorney-in-fact is not liable for losses  
          to the principal's property when the attorney-in-fact is  
          not compensated.  This bill provides the circumstances  
          under which an attorney-in-fact is chargeable with breaches  
          of duty.

           ANALYSIS  :    Existing law provides that a principal can  
          grant to an attorney-in-fact the authority to act on the  
          principal's behalf regarding the principal's real or  
          personal property.  (Probation Code Section 4123.) 

          Existing law provides that a designated attorney-in-fact  
          has no duty to exercise the authority granted in the power  
          of attorney and is not subject to the other duties of an  
          attorney-in-fact, regardless of whether the principal has  
          become incapacitated, is missing, or is otherwise unable to  
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          act.  (Probation Code Section 4230.)

          Existing law provides that if an attorney-in-fact is not  
          compensated, the attorney-in-fact is not liable for a loss  
          to the principal's property unless the loss results from  
          the attorney-in-fact's bad faith, intentional wrongdoing,  
          or gross negligence.  (Probation Code Section 4231.)

          This bill provides that a non-compensated attorney-in-fact  
          will be held liable for breaches of duty, regardless of  
          whether the breach was made in bad-faith or error.

          This bill authorizes the court, in its discretion, to  
          excuse the attorney-in-fact from liability if the  
          attorney-in-fact acted reasonably and in good faith under  
          the circumstances known to the attorney-in-fact.

          This bill provides that an attorney-in-fact shall be held  
          liable for twice the value of the property recovered by an  
          action to recover the property or for surcharge.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  No    
          Local:  No

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  5/6/10)

          Conference of California Bar Associations (source)
          The Executive Committee of the Trusts and Estates Section
            of the State Bar of California


           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    The author's office writes, "There  
          has been a sharp increase in recent years of predators  
          acting under Powers of Attorney who are stealing money and  
          property from disabled adults or the elderly.   
          Attorneys-in-fact are entrusted with enormous power and  
          should be held accountable when they breach [their] duties  
          or fail to adhere to the standards set forth in the Probate  
          Code.  However, there is no specific provision in the  
          Probate Code that sets forth the liability for  
          attorneys-in-fact who breach their statutory, legal and/or  
          fiduciary duties under the code, or which addresses the  
          enhanced liability of an attorney-in-fact who knowingly or  
          wrongfully misappropriates the monies of the principal.

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          "Current law provides a presumption against liability for  
          uncompensated attorneys, but provides no definition or  
          guidance as to what constitutes "compensation" under the  
          meaning of the statute.  A frequent example of how the  
          problem occurs in real life is where the attorney in fact  
          does not receive regular payment for his or her services,  
          but there are numerous cash withdrawals that cannot be  
          accounted for, or unsupported "reimbursements" to the  
          agent.  A contrary example is the good friend who accepts  
          de minimus or in-kind compensation (e.g., meals) in return  
          for the assistance he and she provides or to offset a  
          sacrifice he or she has made; it seems inapposite to hold  
          such a person to the same standard as a professional  
          fiduciary.  SB 1038 would remove this confusing and  
          exploitable distinction, and instead leave it to the court  
          to determine the proper standard of liability."

          The Executive Committee of the Trusts and Estates Section  
          of the State Bar of California support the bill since it  
          "provides a means to protect agents under powers of  
          attorney from liability in appropriate cases by giving  
          courts discretion to excuse the attorney-in-fact in whole  
          or in part from liability."


          RJG:do  5/6/10   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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