BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                  AB 1729
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          CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS
          AB 1729 (Ammiano)
          As Amended  August 20, 2012
          Majority vote
           
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          |ASSEMBLY:  |53-25|(May 30, 2012)  |SENATE: |21-14|(August 23,    |
          |           |     |                |        |     |2012)          |
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           Original Committee Reference:    ED.

          SUMMARY  :  Requires that all forms of suspension be imposed only 
          when other means of correction fail to bring about proper 
          conduct; authorizes the use and documentation of alternatives to 
          suspension or expulsion that are age appropriate and designed to 
          address a pupil's specific misbehavior; and, defines other means 
          of correction.  Specifically,  this bill:  

          1)Authorizes the superintendent of a school district or 
            principal to use his or her discretion to provide alternatives 
            to suspension or expulsion that are age appropriate and 
            designed to address and correct the pupil's specific 
            misbehavior. 

          2)Deletes the provision that alternatives to suspension and 
            expulsion may include counseling and an anger management 
            program. 

          3)Requires that suspension, including supervised suspension, be 
            imposed on individuals only after other means of correction 
            have failed to bring about proper conduct. 

          4)Authorizes school districts to document the use of other means 
            of correction and place that documentation in a pupil's 
            record. 

          5)Specifies that a pupil, including an individual with 
            exceptional needs, may be suspended for violation of any 
            offense listed in Education Code Section 48900 upon a first 
            offense if the principal or Superintendent of schools 
            determine that either of the following two conditions are met: 


             a)   The pupil commits an act where the pupil: 








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               i)     Causes, attempts to cause, or threatens to cause 
                 physical injury to another person; or willfully uses 
                 force or violence upon another person, except in 
                 self-defense;

               ii)    Possesses, sells, or otherwise furnishes a firearm, 
                 knife, explosive, or other dangerous object;

               iii)   Unlawfully possesses, uses, sells or otherwise 
                 furnishes a controlled substance;

               iv)    Unlawfully offers, arranges or negotiates to sell a 
                 controlled substance, alcoholic beverage, or an 
                 intoxicant of any kind; or,

               v)     Commits or attempts to commit robbery or extortion. 

             b)   The pupil's presence causes a danger to persons. 

          6)Deletes a provision that allows suspension prior to attempting 
            other means of correction when a pupil's presence causes a 
            danger to property or threatens to disrupt the instructional 
            process. 

          7)Defines "other means of correction" to include, but not be 
            limited to, the following:

             a)   A conference between school personnel, the pupil's 
               parent or guardian and the pupil; 

             b)   Referrals to the school counselor, psychologist, social 
               worker or other school support service personnel for case 
               management and counseling; 

             c)   Study teams, guidance teams, resource panel teams, or 
               other intervention-related teams that assess behavior, and 
               develop and implement individualized plans to address the 
               behavior in partnership with the pupil and his or her 
               parents;

             d)   Referral for a comprehensive psychosocial or 
               psychoeducational assessment; 

             e)   Enrollment in a program for teaching prosocial behavior 








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               or anger management;

             f)   Participation in a restorative justice program;  

             g)   A positive behavior support approach with tiered 
               interventions that occur during the schoolday on campus;

             h)   After school programs that address specific behavioral 
               issues or expose pupils to positive activities and 
               behaviors, including, but not limited to, those operated in 
               collaboration with local parent and community groups; and,

             i)   Community service programs such as outdoor 
               beautification; community or campus betterment; and 
               teacher, peer or youth assistance programs. 

          8)Makes findings and declarations that the public policy of this 
            state is to ensure that school discipline policies support 
            safe, positive, supportive and equitable school environments; 
            that California school suspensions and expulsions are 
            disproportionately imposed on pupils of color, pupils with 
            disabilities, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender pupils, 
            and other vulnerable pupil populations; and, that nonpunitive 
            classroom discipline and in-school discipline strategies are 
            more effective and efficient for addressing the majority of 
            pupil misconduct. 

          9)Adds double jointing provisions to avoid chaptering out 
            conflicts with AB 2242 (Dickinson) and AB 1732 (Campos). 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  This bill is keyed non-fiscal.  Amendments made 
          in the Assembly Appropriations Committee removed all General 
          Fund/Proposition 98 state reimbursable mandated costs. 
           
          COMMENTS  :  This bill clarifies existing law by requiring that 
          administrators resort to supervised suspension, out of school 
          suspension, or expulsion of a student only after other means of 
          correction fail to bring about proper conduct.  It broadens 
          acceptable alternatives to suspension and expulsion by allowing 
          administrators to determine age appropriate activities that 
          address and correct the pupil's specific misbehavior. The bill 
          further defines some examples of what falls under the guidelines 
          of other means of correction and authorizes school districts to 
          document the use of such methods in a student's record. 









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          Background:  Research indicates that the suspension and 
          expulsion of individuals are rarely applied evenly.  According 
          to the Civil Rights Project at the University of California, Los 
          Angeles, a study released in October of 2011 makes it clear that 
          in California, "unnecessarily harsh discipline policies are 
          applied unfairly and disproportionately to minority students." 
          Additionally, in March 2012, the U.S. Department of Education's 
          Office for Civil Rights released a report indicating that 
          minority students have a much higher rate of suspension and 
          expulsion across the nation. These reports confirm the 
          declarations and findings presented in this bill about the 
          uneven application of these punitive disciplinary measures.

          Age appropriate alternatives designed to address and correct 
          specific misbehavior:  This bill broadens a section of existing 
          law that currently lists alternatives to suspension and 
          expulsion as counseling and anger management programs.  It 
          replaces the specific identification of counseling and anger 
          management programs with language that authorizes principals to 
          use alternatives that are age appropriate and designed to 
          address and correct the pupil's specific misbehavior. This 
          broader approach improves the flexibility and responsiveness of 
          current code to varying situations.  Across California, 
          suspensions and expulsions are given to students of different 
          ages and for different reasons.  Making this section more 
          flexible allows principals the authority to assign alternative 
          disciplinary measures that more aptly target a student's 
          specific needs and respond to the incident at hand. 

          Documentation of other means of correction:  This bill also 
          authorizes school districts to document the use of other means 
          of correction and place such documentation in a pupil's record.  
          By allowing this in statute, principals and other disciplinary 
          officers of a school are encouraged to record and attempt 
          alternative methods to improve student behavior prior to using 
          punitive disciplinary measures.  It provides districts with 
          flexibility to choose the best alternative disciplinary methods 
          based on the given circumstance. 

          Defining other means of correction:  This bill also expands what 
          can be considered as alternatives to suspension or expulsion by 
          providing a non-comprehensive list of examples.  It clearly 
          stipulates that "other means of correction" include, but are not 
          limited to:  a conference between school personnel, parents and 
          a pupil; referrals to school support service personnel for case 








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          management and counseling; intervention-related teams that 
          implement individualized plans to address the behavior in 
          partnership with the pupil and his or her parents; referral for 
          a comprehensive psychosocial or psychoeducational assessment for 
          purposes of creating an individualized education program (IEP) 
          or plan pursuant to Section 504 of the federal Rehabilitation 
          Act of 1973; enrollment in a program for teaching prosocial 
          behavior or anger management; participation in a restorative 
          justice program; a positive behavior support approach with 
          tiered interventions that occur during the schoolday; any 
          after-school programs designed to address specific behavioral 
          issues and expose a pupil to positive activities and behaviors; 
          and, community service, including, but not limited to, outdoor 
          beautification, community or campus betterment and teacher, peer 
          or youth assistance programs. 
           
           Exceptions:  This bill also clearly provides for exceptions that 
          allow a school to suspend a pupil, including students with 
          exceptional needs, upon a first offense without first seeking to 
          correct the behavior through other means of correction. Those 
          exceptions include any offense listed in code where the pupil's 
          presence causes a danger to persons or when a pupil has caused, 
          attempted to cause, or threatened to cause physical injury to 
          another person; willfully used force or violence upon another 
          person, except in self-defense; possessed, sold, or otherwise 
          furnished a firearm, knife, explosive, or other dangerous 
          object; unlawfully possessed, used, sold or otherwise furnished 
          a controlled substance; unlawfully offered, arranged or 
          negotiated to sell a controlled substance, alcoholic beverage, 
          or an intoxicant of any kind; or, committed or attempted to 
          commit robbery or extortion. This bill also clearly provides 
          that suspensions of students with exceptional needs, in 
          accordance with this provision, must be subject to applicable 
          federal law. 
           
           Arguments in support:  The author writes, "AB 1729 reaffirms 
          that superintendents and school principals have the discretion 
          to implement alternatives to suspension and expulsion and 
          expands the list of 'other means of correction.'" 


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Mark Murphy and Sophia Kwong Kim / ED. 
          / (916) 319-2087










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