BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                            Senator Loni Hancock, Chair              S
                             2011-2012 Regular Session               B

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          SB 313 (Correa)
          As Introduced February 14, 2011
          Hearing date:  January 10, 2012
          Penal Code
          SM:dl

                         HANDGUN SAFETY REQUIREMENT EXEMPTIONS  

                                       HISTORY

          Source:  California Rifle and Pistol Association, Inc.; National 
                   Rifle Association of America 

          Prior Legislation: AB 2546 (Hagman) - 2010, died in Assembly 
          Public Safety
                       AB 854(Keene) - Ch. 163, stats. 2007
                       AB 1471 (Feuer) - Ch. 572, stats. 2007
                       SB 489 (Scott) - Ch. 500, stats. 2003
                       SB 15 (Polanco) - Ch. 248, stats. 1999

          Support: California Association of Firearms Retailers; El Dorado 
                   County Sheriff-Coroner's Office; Herb Bauer Sporting 
                   Goods; Mendocino County Sheriff-Coroner's Office; 
                   National Shooting Sports Foundation, Inc.; San 
                   Bernardino County Sheriff's Department; Shasta County 
                   Sheriff's Office; Siskiyou County Sheriff's Department 

          Opposition:California Chapters of the Brady Campaign to Prevent 
                   Gun Violence; Legal Community Against Violence



                                         KEY ISSUE




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          SHOULD SPECIFIED HANDGUNS BE EXEMPTED FROM EXISTING HANDGUN 
          SAFETY REQUIREMENTS?


                                          
                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of this bill is to exempt specified handguns from 
          existing handgun safety requirements.

           Existing law provides that the sale, loan or transfer of 
          firearms in almost all cases must be processed by, or through, a 
          state licensed dealer or a local law enforcement agency.  (Penal 
          Code §§ 27540, 27545, 28050.) <1>  

           Existing law  provides that commencing January 1, 2001, no 
          "unsafe handgun" may be manufactured or sold in California by a 
          licensed dealer, as specified, and requires that the Department 
          of Justice (DOJ) prepare and maintain a roster of handguns which 
          are determined not to be unsafe handguns.  Private party sales 
          (used or previously owned) and transfers of handguns through a 
          licensed dealer or sheriff in smaller counties are exempted from 
          those restrictions.  (Penal Code §§ 27545, 32000, et seq., 
          32110.)

           Existing law  does the following:

                 Defines "unsafe handgun" as any pistol, revolver, or 
               other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person, 
               as specified, which lacks various safety mechanisms and 
               does not pass listed tests, as specified.  (Penal Code § 
               31910.)

                 Requires any concealable firearm manufactured in 
             -------------------------
          <1> SB 1080, Chap. 711, Stats. 2010, recast and renumbered most 
          statutes relating to deadly weapons without any substantive 
          change to those statutes.  Those changes will become operative 
          January 1, 2012.  All references to affected code sections will 
          be to the revised version unless otherwise indicated.



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               California, or intended to be imported for sale, kept for 
               sale, or offered for sale to be tested within a reasonable 
               period of time by an independent laboratory, certified by 
               the (DOJ), to determine whether it meets required safety 
               standards, as specified.  (Penal Code § 32010.)

                 Requires DOJ, on and after January 1, 2001, to compile, 
               publish, and thereafter maintain a roster listing all of 
               the pistols, revolvers, and other firearms capable of 
               being concealed upon the person that have been tested by a 
               certified testing laboratory, have been determined not to 
               be unsafe handguns, and may be sold in this state, as 
               specified.  The roster shall list, for each firearm, the 
               manufacturer, model number, and model name.  (Penal Code § 
               32015.)

                 Provides that DOJ may charge every person in 
               California who is licensed as a manufacturer of 
               firearms, as specified, and any person in California who 
               manufactures or causes to be manufactured, imports into 
               California for sale, keeps for sale, or offers or 
               exposes for sale any pistol, revolver, or other firearm 
               capable of being concealed upon the person in 
               California, an annual fee not exceeding the costs of 
               preparing, publishing, and maintaining the roster of 
               firearms determined not to be unsafe, and the costs of 
               research and development, report analysis, firearms 
               storage, and other program infrastructure costs, as 
               specified.  (Penal Code § 32015.)

           ------------------------------------------------------------------ 
          |Existing law requires that, commencing January 1, 2010, for all | |
          |semiautomatic pistols that are not already listed on the roster | |
          |pursuant to Section 32015, it is not designed and equipped with | |
          |a microscopic array of characters that identify the make,       | |
          |model, and serial number of the pistol, etched or otherwise     | |
          |imprinted in two or more places on the interior surface or      | |
          |internal working parts of the pistol, and that are transferred  | |
          |by imprinting on each cartridge case when the firearm is fired, | |
          |provided that the DOJ certifies that the technology used to     | |




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          |create the imprint is available to more than one manufacturer   | |
          |unencumbered by any patent restrictions.  (Penal Code §         | |
          |31910(b)(7).)                                                   | |
           ------------------------------------------------------------------ 

           This bill  would delete the exemption to handgun safety 
          requirements contained in existing law for loans of firearms by 
          a licensed firearms dealer to a "consultant-evaluator."

           This bill  would add exemptions to the current handgun safety 
          requirements for:


                 Handguns for which production ceased prior to January 1, 
               2000, and for which production has not resumed.


                 Handguns that are commemorative and for which total 
               production was or is limited to 1,000 or fewer firearms.


                 Handguns that are custom-made and for which total 
               production was or is limited to 1,000 or fewer firearms.

                                             
                       RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION
               

          For the last several years, severe overcrowding in California's 
          prisons has been the focus of evolving and expensive litigation. 
           As these cases have progressed, prison conditions have 
          continued to be assailed, and the scrutiny of the federal courts 
          over California's prisons has intensified.

          On June 30, 2005, in a class action lawsuit filed four years 
          earlier, the United States District Court for the Northern 
          District of California established a Receivership to take 
          control of the delivery of medical services to all California 
          state prisoners confined by the California Department of 
          Corrections and Rehabilitation ("CDCR").  In December of 2006, 




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          plaintiffs in two federal lawsuits against CDCR sought a 
          court-ordered limit on the prison population pursuant to the 
          federal Prison Litigation Reform Act.  On January 12, 2010, a 
          three-judge federal panel issued an order requiring California 
          to reduce its inmate population to 137.5 percent of design 
          capacity -- a reduction at that time of roughly 40,000 inmates 
          -- within two years.  The court stayed implementation of its 
          ruling pending the state's appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.  

          On May 23, 2011, the United States Supreme Court upheld the 
          decision of the three-judge panel in its entirety, giving 
          California two years from the date of its ruling to reduce its 
          prison population to 137.5 percent of design capacity, subject 
          to the right of the state to seek modifications in appropriate 
          circumstances.  
                
          In response to the unresolved prison capacity crisis, in early 
          2007 the Senate Committee on Public Safety began holding 
          legislative proposals which could further exacerbate prison 
          overcrowding through new or expanded felony prosecutions.  

           This bill  does not appear to aggravate the prison overcrowding 
          crisis described above.


                                      COMMENTS

          1.  Need for This Bill  

          According to the author:

               SB 15, the Unsafe Handgun Act (Chaptered 08/30/1999), 
               requires the Department of Justice (DOJ) to test 
               handgun safety and maintain a Roster of Handguns 
               Certified for Sale. Manufactures of firearms must get 
               this DOJ approval before their guns may be sold in 
               California. Licensed firearms dealers in California 
               are not allowed to sell used handguns that are not on 
               the DOJ's roster. They must process used handguns 
               transfers between two individuals but the dealers 




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               cannot sell used handguns that they own to the public. 


               The manufacturing of many antique and used firearms 
               had stopped before the passage of SB 15. The result of 
               current law is that persons who want to sell these 
               firearms to licensed firearms dealers are thwarted 
               because the dealers cannot sell used handguns that 
               they own in their inventory. Gun owners often resort 
               to private party transfers or selling their firearms 
               to dealers in other states. 

               SB 313 would allow used handguns manufactured before 
               SB 15 passed to be sold by licensed firearms dealers. 
               This measure would ensure safe sale of antique and 
               used firearms by licensed firearms dealers. This bill 
               would exempt from the Unsafe Handgun Act the 
               following: 



                 Handguns for which production ceased prior to 
               January 1, 2000, and for which production has not 
               resumed



                 Handguns that are commemorative or custom-made, and 
               for which production was or is limited to 1,000 or 
               fewer firearms
          2.  Sales of Handguns Not on the "Not Unsafe Handgun" List  

          Since January 1, 2001, the law has provided that no handgun, 
          except as specified, can be manufactured or sold by a dealer in 
          California unless it has been tested and certified by the 
          Department of Justice as meeting certain safety requirements.  
          (Penal Code §§ 27545, 32000, et seq., 32110.)  Handguns that 
          have been so certified by DOJ are placed on the "Not Unsafe 
          Handgun" list.  Handguns that do not meet these safety 
          requirements may still be sold in what is known as a "private 




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          party transfer."  In that case, an owner of a handgun that has 
          not been certified by DOJ may sell the handgun to a buyer by 
          having a licensed dealer process the transaction.  (Penal Code § 
          28050(a).)  

          The prohibition on sales of unsafe handguns has some exceptions. 
           For example, antique firearms, known as "curios and relics" are 
          exempted from the safety requirements.  (Penal Code § 32110(g).) 
           This bill would broaden those exemptions to include:

                 Handguns for which production ceased prior to January 1, 
               2000, and for which production has not resumed.


                 Handguns that are commemorative and for which total 
               production was or is limited to 1,000 or fewer firearms.


                 Handguns that are custom-made and for which total 
               production was or is limited to 1,000 or fewer firearms.

          SHOULD THESE CATEGORIES OF HANDGUNS BE EXEMPTED FROM THE HANDGUN 
          SAFETY REQUIREMENTS?

          Current exemptions also include transfers in the form of a loan 
          from a licensed dealer to a "consultant-evaluator" and from the 
          "consultant evaluator" back to the dealer.  Current language in 
          this bill appears to preserve the exemption for transfers of 
          unsafe handguns from a consultant-evaluator to a licensed dealer 
          who had loaned them the gun, but would delete the exemption that 
          allows the dealer to loan the gun to the consultant-evaluator in 
          the first place.  This appears to have been a drafting error.

          3.  Arguments in Support  

          The Sheriff of El Dorado County writes:

               Currently, Federal/State licensed firearms dealers in 
               California are NOT allowed to sell used handguns that 
               are NOT on the safe handgun roster.  They must process 




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               used handgun transfers between two individuals but the 
               dealers CANNOT sell used handguns that they own to the 
               public.

               The result of current law is that persons who want to 
               sell the used handguns to California Federal/State 
               licensed firearms dealers are thwarted because the 
               dealers cannot resell the used handguns that they own 
               in their inventory, so dealers will not purchase used 
               handguns.

               First, I'd like to address the issue of the "Safe 
               Handgun Roster" itself.  The law was the furtherance 
               of a scheme by the anti-gun movement to limit and 
               eventually ban handgun ownership by law abiding 
               citizens.  The law placed undue regulation on handgun 
               manufacturers and in essence, a "Tax" of $200 for the 
               privilege of selling a "Safe" handgun in the state.

               From the consumer standpoint, this cost, passed on to 
               them by the manufacturer, priced some handguns out of 
               reach.  And, some handguns, preferred by law abiding 
               consumers, were not placed on the list either by the 
               manufacturer's frustration over the regulation and/or 
               the firearm not "passing" the arbitrary, "nanny-law" 
               tests.  This should be a simple buyer beware issue, 
               respecting the consumer/manufacturing relationship.

               Those that use a handgun in a criminal manner don't 
               care if a handgun is on a "list" that says it is safe 
               to use/purchase in California.  I can't imagine two 
               thugs discussing their plan to rob a liquor store 
               including debates whether the gun they're using is on 
               the "Safe Handgun Roster"; "Hey Joe, that gun you 
               stole from that house the other day isn't on the safe 
               handgun roster.  Maybe we better keep burglarizing 
               houses until we find one that is on the roster and use 
               that one."






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          4.  Argument in Opposition

           The California Chapters of the Brady Campaign Against Gun 
          Violence state:
           
                The Unsafe Handgun Act (SB 15) became law in 1999.  
               Under this law, effective January 1, 2001, no handgun 
               may be manufactured within California, imported into 
               California for sale, lent, given, kept for sale, or 
               offered/exposed for sale unless that handgun model has 
               passed firing, safety, and drop tests and is certified 
               for sale in California by the Department of Justice.  
               The Act generally applies to all handguns that are not 
               classified as curios and relicts under federal 
               regulations.

               This bill would exempt handguns from the provisions of 
               SB 15 for which production ceased prior to January 1, 
               2000, and for which production has not resumed.  In 
               addition, this bill would exempt handguns that are 
               commemorative or custom-made, and for which production 
               was or is limited to 1,000 or fewer firearms.  
                
               The intent of SB 15 was to rid our streets of the 
               plague of "junk" guns and in the intervening years the 
               results have been stunningly successful.  This bill 
               would allow handguns manufactured prior to 2000, and 
               never submitted for testing, to once again be legally 
               sold.  By allowing firearms dealers to now re-sell 
               potentially unsafe handguns, this bill would have the 
               opposite effect intended by SB 15 and is therefore not 
               in the public interest.  The Unsafe Handgun Act has 
               not resulted in a taking of private property because 
               owners of an unsafe handgun manufactured prior to 2000 
               are still able to sell their noncompliant firearm 
               through the private party transfer exemption.

               In summary, this bill would significantly weaken the 
               Unsafe Handgun Act.  The Assembly has previously 




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               considered and rejected a similar proposal in 2001 (AB 
               851) and again in 2010 (AB 2546); the Committee should 
               do so again.   
           


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