BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



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          Date of Hearing:   June 18, 2012

                        ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION
                               Bonnie Lowenthal, Chair
                SB 750 (Hernandez) - As Introduced:  February 18, 2011

           SENATE VOTE  :   32-7
           
          SUBJECT  : Vehicles: key information access

           SUMMARY  :  Permanently exempts certain vehicle manufacturers from 
          the requirement to provide locksmiths with electronic key code 
          information and makes permanent the requirement that BMW operate 
          a request line whereby BMW owners can obtain a replacement key 
          within one day of the request or via overnight delivery.   

           EXISTING LAW  :  

          1)Requires car manufacturers, with certain exceptions, to be 
            available 24 hours a day seven days a week (24/7) to provide 
            electronic key code information to registered locksmiths for 
            certain vehicles manufactured on or after January 1, 2008.

          2)Requires a registered locksmith to verify that the person 
            requesting the key code information is the registered owner of 
            the vehicle, or family member of the registered owner.

          3)Requires a registered locksmith to give the key code 
            information to the registered owner after producing a key and 
            immediately thereafter destroy the key code information in his 
            or her possession.

          4)Specifies that, except in cases of fraud, the registered 
            locksmith and vehicle manufacturer will not be held liable for 
            theft if all specified procedures for owner verification have 
            been followed.

          5)Requires a manufacturer to make key code information available 
            to a registered locksmith for at least 25 years from the date 
            of vehicle manufacture.

          6)Exempts car manufactures, until January 1, 2013, from 
            complying with the requirements of this bill if, on January 1, 
            2006, the manufacturer operates a telephone or electronic 
            request line 24/7 where the owner, or family member of the 








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            owner, can obtain a replacement key at a reasonable cost 
            within one day of the request. 

          7)Exempts the following from the requirements of this bill:

             a)   A manufacturer of a make of vehicles that sold less than 
               2,500 vehicles in California in the prior calendar year.  
               This includes Rolls Royce, Maserati, Ferrari, and over a 
               dozen other makes of automobiles.

             b)   Until January 1, 2013, a vehicle line of a motor vehicle 
               manufacturer that sold between 2,500 and 5,000 vehicles 
               (i.e., Saab).

             c)   Until January 1, 2013, a vehicle line of a motor vehicle 
               manufacturer that on January 1, 2006, did not provide for 
               the production of replacement keys or similar devices by 
               anyone other than the vehicle manufacturer itself, provided 
               that the manufacturer operates a request line available at 
               all times through which a replacement key could be 
               furnished within one day or via the next overnight delivery 
               at the request of a registered owner or registered owner's 
               family member. 

          1)Defines related terms.
               
           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown

           COMMENTS  :   SB 1542 (Migden), Chapter 433, Statutes of 2006, was 
          jointly sponsored by the California State Automobile Association 
          and the Automobile Club of Southern California (Auto Clubs).  At 
          that time, the sponsors reported that the intent of the 
          legislation was to provide vehicle owners an effective means of 
          obtaining replacement ignition keys in a secure and convenient 
          manner, given that more and more vehicles were being designed 
          with "smart keys" that made key duplication by a locksmith 
          impossible if the necessary key code information from the 
          vehicle manufacturer was unavailable.  In support of SB 1542, 
          the Auto Clubs presented a number of examples where consumers 
          were greatly inconvenienced when locksmiths were unable to 
          create keys because vehicle manufacturers refused to provide 
          them with key code information.  Some of the more poignant 
          examples included situations where vehicle owners were left 
          stranded in unsafe situations, were forced to have their 
          vehicles towed to dealerships (sometimes over great distances 








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          and at great expense), and were charged between $100 to $3,000 
          by dealerships for replacement keys (exclusive of towing 
          charges).  In many of these examples, vehicle owners reported 
          being required to wait for long periods of time for the 
          replacement key to be created by dealerships as well as being 
          forced to pay exceptionally high dealer prices.  

          According to the Auto Clubs, BMW sought a provision in SB 1542 
          to exempt auto manufacturers, until January 1, 2013, from the 
          requirement to provide key code information to locksmiths, as 
          long as the vehicle manufacturers provided a 24/7 telephone or 
          electronic request line where the registered owner, or family 
          member of the registered owner, could obtain a replacement key 
          within one day of the request or via the next overnight 
          delivery.  At that time, manufactures that qualified for the 
          exemption included BMW, Mercedes Benz, Jaguar, Land Rover, and 
          Porsche.  Today the Auto Clubs note that the manufacturers that 
          do not currently provide key code information to locksmiths 
          include BMW, Jaguar, Land Rover, and Fiat.  The Auto Clubs point 
          out of these manufacturers, only BMW is actively supporting 
          elimination of the sunset.  
                                                            
          There has been much debate as to whether or not the expectation 
          was that BMW would come into compliance with the system provided 
          for in SB 1542.  The Auto Clubs assert that the exemption was 
          intended to provide BMW with the time necessary to come into 
          compliance.   The sponsor, on the other hand, contends that the 
          sunset was intended to allow BMW to continue their existing 
          practice meanwhile determining if additional technology could be 
          developed whereby they could comply while maintaining their 
          desired level of security.  BMW asserts that upon review, they 
          believe their existing process adequately meets customer need 
          and therefore there was no need to take the additional steps to 
          necessary to comply with the requirements of AB 1542.

          The Senate Judiciary Committee analyses prepared for SB 1542 
          indicates that the exemption and sunset provisions were included 
          in the bill to allow automakers, namely BMW, with the time come 
          into compliance with the bill's requirements.  In their analysis 
          of SB 1542, the Senate Judiciary Committee wrote, "the bill 
          would also sunset this exemption in five years, thus requiring 
          any automaker selling vehicles in California after January 1, 
          2013 to have a key system that allows for the reproduction of a 
          replacement key by others, such as a registered locksmith."   









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          BMW reports that since the effective date of SB 1542, they have 
          replaced thousands of keys and in only one instance was key not 
          delivered to the owner consistent with the provisions of the 
          bill.  Therefore, the sponsor concludes that operation of the 
          24/7 key replacement request line is as a suitable alternative 
          to providing key code information to registered locksmiths and 
          that this alternative means of providing key code information 
          should be allowed to continue indefinitely.  BMW has also cited 
          the incidence of a recently discovered theft ring in New York 
          where luxury cars were being stolen using key codes supplied by 
          key code "brokers" including locksmiths and dealership 
          employees.  BMW points to this example as the primary reason for 
          their preference to continue the 24/7 key replacement request 
          line rather than provide key code information to locksmiths.  
          BMW also contends that very few locksmiths possess the 
          sophisticated equipment necessary to create electronic keys for 
          BMWs and other high-end vehicles and therefore, most BMW owners 
          would need to use the 24/7 key replacement request line 
          regardless.  

          Arguing in opposition, the Auto Clubs contend that this bill 
          would benefit only a narrow group of foreign car manufacturers 
          and weaken the consumer protection laws set forth in AB 1542.  
          The Auto Clubs refer to AB 1542 as a landmark, bi-partisan 
          consumer protection legislation that was approved by the 
          California Legislature and supported by consumer groups, police 
          and fire departments, cities, insurance companies, and other 
          civic, taxpayer, and business organizations.  

          The Auto Clubs also contend that the exemption and sunset clause 
          included in SB 1542 was provided to give sufficient lead time 
          for auto manufactures to comply.  They note that even though 
          they were given this lead time, the sponsor has failed come into 
          compliance, despite the fact that 90% of other auto 
          manufacturers have done so.  

          Arguing in opposition, the California Locksmiths Association 
          (CLA) refutes claims by BMW that very few locksmiths possess the 
          equipment necessary to create keys for high-end vehicles such as 
          BMWs.  In fact, CLA contends that a large number of locksmiths 
          (particularly in metropolitan areas) possess the appropriate 
          equipment and can provide replacement keys or similar devices 
          for high-end vehicles within 1-2 hours at a cost ranging from 
          $100 to $400. These costs are contrasted with the costs BMW 
          owners must bear when having their vehicle towed to the 








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          dealership in addition to the cost of creating the replacement 
          key which can range from $300-500. The CLA also notes that 
          locksmiths carry a $1 million liability bond along with other 
          insurance and that for some vehicles, such as Volvo and Lexus, 
          the transfer of key code data is done wirelessly in such a way 
          that the locksmith is not able to view or have access to the key 
          code information at any time.  CLA also notes that transmittal 
          of key code data is tracked, so if a code were to be used by an 
          unscrupulous locksmith to create a duplicate key in order to 
          steal the vehicle, such activity would be easily traced and the 
          perpetrator readily identified.  

          Automotive wholesalers and the automotive after-market industry, 
          also arguing in opposition to the bill, contend that in some 
          cases key code information is utilized to affect vehicle repair 
          since information contained in electronic keys are often used to 
          communicate with a vehicle's on-board diagnostic system.  These 
          groups claim that if the key code information is faulty or 
          missing, technicians must create a new key or similar device to 
          properly diagnose problems and perform repairs.  They argue that 
          currently, this process cannot be accomplished for BMWs because 
          the key code information is not released by the manufacturer.  
          Therefore, opponents of this bill contend that by withholding 
          key code information, car owners will be forced to have their 
          vehicles serviced at dealerships, thereby eliminating the option 
          for consumers to have their cars serviced at independent repair 
          shops.  The automotive repair industry claims that this practice 
          violates existing law, SB 1146 (Burton), Chapter 1077, Statutes 
          of 2000, that ensures essential service, repair information, 
          parts, and tools are made available by vehicle manufacturers so 
          that vehicle owners have continued access to a competitive 
          marketplace for automotive service needs.  The automotive repair 
          industry has also expressed concerns that if this bill passes, 
          other vehicle manufacturers may choose to operate 24/7 key 
          replacement request lines, thereby broadening the exemption to 
          potentially include other manufacturers, to the detriment of 
          consumers and the automotive industry.  

           Related legislation  :  SB 1542 (Migden) Chapter 433, Statutes of 
          2006, established the process whereby a motor vehicle owner or 
          family member could, through the use of a registered locksmith, 
          access the needed information from the motor vehicle 
          manufacturer to enable the locksmith to reproduce a replacement 
          key that would allow the vehicle owner to enter, start and 
          operate the motor vehicle.  








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          AB 714 (Ridley-Thomas, 2005) would have required motor vehicle 
          manufacturers to provide sufficient information for registered 
          vehicle owners to reproduce the vehicle's key. That bill died in 
          the Assembly Business & Professions Committee.  

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :

           Support 
           
          BMW (Sponsor)
          California New Car Dealers Association
            Long Beach BMW-Mini
          Teamsters

           Opposition 
           
          Associated Locksmiths of America, Inc.
          Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association
          Automobile Club of Southern California
          AAA Northern California, Nevada and Utah
          Automotive Service Councils of California
          Automotive Wholesalers' Association
          Beckmann Technologies, Inc.
          Blue Link Diagnostic Solutions Inc.
          California Automotive Business Coalition
          California Locksmiths Association
          California State Automobile Association
          Camara Auto Services Inc.
          Coalition for Auto Repair Equality
          Consumer Federation of California
          Greg's Automotive Service
          Independent Automotive Professionals Association 
          James Automotive Service
          Larry's 8-Day Auto Parts
          Lock-Man Locksmith
          Napa Auto Parts Orinda Motors Inc.
          PIAA Corporation, USA
          1 Individual

           Analysis Prepared by  :    Victoria Alvarez / TRANS. / (916) 319- 
          2093 











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