BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                  SB 1002
                                                                  Page  1

          Date of Hearing:   June 20, 2012

                   ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
                                 Isadore Hall, Chair
                      SB 1002 (Yee) - As Amended:  May 29, 2012

           SENATE VOTE  :   35-0
           
          SUBJECT  :   Public records: electronic format

           SUMMARY  :   Authorizes a public agency, upon request, to provide 
          a copy of an electronic record in a format in which the text in 
          the electronic record is searchable by commonly used software.  
          Specifically,  this bill  :   

          1)Requires the requestor to bear the cost of converting the 
            electronic record into a searchable format, including the cost 
            of programming and computer services necessary to produce the 
            electronic record.

          2)Provides that whenever a state or local agency is required by 
            law to make electronic data or an electronic document 
            available to the public, and the agency maintains the data or 
            document in an open format, the data or document shall be 
            provided in an open format.

          3)Provides that whenever a state or local agency is required to 
            make data or a document available on the Internet, and the 
            agency maintains the data or document in an open format, the 
            data or document shall be posted in an open format.

          4)Provides that the requirements under this bill shall not apply 
            to data or documents posted on the Internet before January 1, 
            2013.

          5)Provides that the requirements under this bill shall not be 
            construed to require an agency to repost existing data or 
            documents currently posted and available on the Internet.

          6)Defines "open format" to mean all of the following:

             a)   The data or document can be located and downloaded by 
               open-source software of public Internet applications that 
               are available for free, or both.









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             b)   The data or the text in the document is machine readable 
               and can be searched, indexed, organized, categorized, and 
               is otherwise automatically processable.

             c)   The data or document provides data granularity, 
               definitions, and structured formats in the original quality 
               available to the state or local agency.

          7)Defines "open-source software" as computer software that is 
            provided under a free software license that permits users to 
            study, change, improve, and distribute the software.

          8)Provides that this bill shall not be construed to require a 
            state or local agency to convert data or a document into an 
            open format or to update its software or hardware. 

          9)Provides that nothing in this bill shall be construed to 
            require a public agency to release data or a document in an 
            open format if its release would jeopardize or compromise the 
            security or integrity of the original record or any 
            proprietary software in which it is maintained.

          10) Provides that nothing in this bill shall be construed to 
            permit public access to records held by an agency to which 
            access is otherwise restricted.

           EXISTING LAW  

          1)The California Public Records Act (CPRA) governs disclosure of 
            governmental records to the public, upon request.  Generally, 
            all public records are open to the public upon request unless 
            the record requested is exempt from public disclosure. 

          2)Requires, under the CPRA, an agency that has information that 
            constitutes an identifiable public record not otherwise exempt 
            from disclosure that is in an electronic format to make that 
            information available in an electronic format when requested 
            by a person.

          3)Requires, under the CPRA, the agency to make the information 
            available in an electronic format in which it holds the 
            information.

          4)Authorizes a public agency to charge to the requestor the 
            direct cost of producing the electronic public record.








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          5)Requires the requestor of the electronic record to bear the 
            cost of producing a copy of the record, including the cost to 
            construct a record, and the cost of programming and computer 
            services necessary to produce a copy of the record if the 
            public agency produces the electronic record only at regularly 
            scheduled intervals or the request requires data compilation, 
            extraction, or programming to produce the record. 

          6)Provides that a public agency is not required to release an 
            electronic record in the electronic form in which it is held 
            by the agency if its release would jeopardize or compromise 
            the security or integrity of the original record or of any 
            proprietary software in which it is maintained. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown

           COMMENTS  :   

           Background  :  With the increase use of electronic documents by 
          public agencies, the Legislature enacted AB 2799 (Shelley) in 
          2000.  The bill requires public agencies to disclose electronic 
          records in an electronic format, if the information or record is 
          kept in electronic format by the public agency.  According to 
          the author however, "in many instances agencies will post or 
          turn over electronic data that is nothing more than an image 
          file. Meaning, the data or document cannot even utilize basic 
          functions such as search or indexing."

          Since 2000, computer technology has advanced to provide open 
          format software whereby electronic documents, like those 
          maintained by public agencies, can be searched, indexed, and 
          redacted electronically. With this new ability in place, the 
          United States Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
          issued an Open Government Directive to federal government 
          agencies.  The memorandum was intended to assist executive 
          department and agencies to implement the principles of 
          transparency, participation, and collaboration set for by 
          President Obama. The memorandum stated that:

               "Transparency promotes accountability by providing the 
               public with information about what the Government is doing. 
               Participation allows members of the public to contribute 
               ideas and expertise so that their government can make 
               policies with the benefit of information that is widely 








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               dispersed in society. Collaboration improves the effectives 
               of Government by encouraging partnerships and cooperation 
               within the Federal Government, across levels of government, 
               and between the Government and Private institutions."

           Purpose of the bill  : According to the author, "the bill will 
          ensure an accessable transparent government by providing a clear 
          guideline with a reference standard so that when new mandates 
          pass, or new documents are published online as a matter of 
          course under existing law or regular business, they are in an 
          open and accessible format."

           Arguments in support  :  According to California Aware, "The CPRA 
          was amended in the 1990s to bring its disclosure requirements up 
          to date to prevent new technology from becoming a barrier to 
          government transparency rather than a supportive factor.  
          Another updating is overdue to accomplish the same objective, by 
          encouraging public agencies to make information not only 
          available in static electronic format - humanly readable - but 
          in a machine readable form useable by the public for purposes of 
          the kind of sophisticated analysis that was beyond the reach or 
          even imagination of most people a decade ago or so."

           Arguments in Opposition  :  According to the City of Cathedral 
          City, "to the extent that as a result of compliance with SB 
          1002, agencies post information involved in agency proceedings 
          in open format, and/or convert information involved in agency 
          proceedings to open format, document authentication and 
          proceeding problems for local agencies will result.  For 
          example, applicants and other parties to agency proceedings, and 
          members of the public, would be able to manipulate open source 
          information on agency websites for later discussion and/or 
          introduction before the agency at hearings and other public 
          meetings. It may not be obvious that the information has been 
          altered and is being presented in altered form. As a result, 
          false or misleading information may be presented as a basis for 
          action by the agency."

           Double referral  : Should SB 1002 pass the Assembly Committee on 
          Governmental Organization, the bill will be referred to the 
          Assembly Local Government Committee.

           Prior Legislation  :  AB 2799 (Shelley), Chapter 982, Statutes of 
          2000.  The bill revises various provisions in the CPRA in order 
          to make available public records, not otherwise exempt from 








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          disclosure, in an electronic format, if the information or 
          record is kept in electronic format by a public agency.

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :

           Support 
           
          American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees 
          (AFSCME), AFL-CIO
          California Aware
          California Common Cause
          California Council of the Blind
          California Faculty Association
          California Newspaper Publishers Association
          California Teachers Association
          San Francisco Public Utilities Commission 
          UAW Local 5810
          United Reporting Crime Beat News

           Opposition 

           California District Attorneys Association
          California Peace Officers' Association
          California Police Chiefs Association
          Chief Probation Officers of California
          City of Cathedral City
          Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training
          League of California Cities

           Analysis Prepared by  :    Felipe Lopez / G. O. / (916) 319-2531