BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                      



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          |SENATE RULES COMMITTEE            |                  SB 1095|
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                                 THIRD READING


          Bill No:  SB 1095
          Author:   Rubio (D)
          Amended:  As introduced
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE BUS., PROF. & ECON. DEV. COMMITTEE  :  8-0, 4/9/12
          AYES:  Price, Emmerson, Corbett, Correa, Hernandez, Negrete 
            McLeod, Strickland, Wyland
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Vargas

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE  :  7-0, 4/30/12
          AYES:  Kehoe, Walters, Alquist, Dutton, Lieu, Price, 
            Steinberg


          SUBJECT  :    Pharmacy:  clinic

           SOURCE  :     California Ambulatory Surgery Association


           DIGEST  :    This bill revises and expands the types of 
          clinics to which the Board of Pharmacy (Board) may issue a 
          limited license for purchasing drugs at wholesale for 
          administration or dispensing to clinic patients for pain 
          and nausea under the direction of a physician to include:  
          specified outpatient settings, ambulatory surgical centers 
          participating in the Medicare Program, as well as surgical 
          clinics, as specified.  Authorizes the Board to conduct 
          compliance inspections of licensed clinics at any time.

           ANALYSIS  :    

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          Existing law, the Business and Professions Code:

          1. Provides for the licensure and regulation of the 
             practice of pharmacy under the Pharmacy Law by the Board 
             within the Department of Consumer Affairs.

          2. Authorizes the Board to issue a license to a surgical 
             clinic to purchase drugs to administer or dispense to 
             the clinic's patients, as specified.  

          3. Authorizes a licensed surgical clinic to purchase drugs 
             at wholesale prices to administer or dispense to 
             patients registered for care at the clinic and limits 
             the administration or dispensing of surgical clinic 
             drugs to drugs that control pain and nausea, and 
             prohibits drugs from being dispensed in amounts greater 
             than that required to meet the patient's needs for 72 
             hours.

          4. Authorizes surgical clinics to purchase and distribute 
             such drugs only after being licensed to do so by the 
             Board, as specified, and requires surgical clinics to 
             keep records as to the kind and amount of drugs 
             purchased, administered, and dispensed, for at least 
             three years.

          5. Requires a surgical clinic that is licensed to purchase 
             and provide such drugs to notify the Board of any 
             proposed changes in ownership or beneficial interest, as 
             specified.

          6. Authorizes the Board to inspect a clinic at any time in 
             order to determine the clinic's compliance with the law.

          Existing law, the Health and Safety Code (HSC):

          1. Requires surgical clinics to be licensed and certified 
             by the Department of Public Health (DPH). 

          2. Defines a surgical clinic as a clinic that is not part 
             of a hospital, and that provides ambulatory surgical 
             care for patients who remain less than 24 hours.  

          3. Defines an outpatient setting as any facility, clinic, 

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             office, or other setting that is not part of a general 
             acute care hospital, where anesthesia is used in 
             compliance with the community standard of practice

          4. Prohibits the operation of an outpatient setting, 
             including a surgical clinic, unless the setting is 
             licensed by the DPH, certified to participate in the 
             Medicare program, as specified, or accredited by an 
             accreditation agency approved by the Medical Board of 
             California (MBC). 

          5. Requires the MBC to adopt standards for accreditation of 
             outpatient settings, as defined, and in approving 
             accreditation agencies to perform accreditation of 
             outpatient settings, ensure that the certification 
             program shall, at a minimum, include standards for 
             specified aspects of settings' operations.

          6. Defines an "ambulatory surgical center" as an ambulatory 
             surgical center certified to participate in the Medicare 
             Program under Title XVIII of the federal Social Security 
             Act.

          This bill:

          1. Revises and recasts the authorization for the Board to 
             issue a license to a "surgical clinic," to instead refer 
             to the license being issued to a "clinic," and defines 
             "clinic" to mean any of the following:  

             A.    A surgical clinic licensed pursuant to HSC 
                Section 1204.

             B.    An outpatient setting as defined in HSC Section 
                1248.

             C.    An ambulatory surgical center certified to 
                participate in the Medicare Program pursuant to 
                federal law.

          2. Specifies that the provisions above shall not limit the 
             ability of a physician and surgeon or a group medical 
             practice to prescribe, dispense, administer, or furnish 
             drugs at a clinic, as specified.

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          3. Authorizes the Board to conduct inspections of these 
             clinics at any time in order to determine whether a 
             clinic is operating in compliance with the law.

          4. Makes conforming changes relating to a licensed clinic 
             to purchasing and administering or dispensing drugs to 
             the clinic's patients.

           Background  

           Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASC)  .  ASCs are health care 
          facilities that specialize in providing surgery, pain 
          management and certain diagnostic (e.g., colonoscopy) 
          services in an outpatient setting.  Since the first ASC was 
          established in 1970, many procedures that used to be 
          performed exclusively in hospitals began taking place in 
          ASCs, such as knee, shoulder, eye, spine, and other 
          surgeries.  Most ASCs are licensed, certified by Medicare 
          and accredited by one of the major health care accrediting 
          organizations.  Stand-alone ASCs rarely have a single owner 
          and most involve at least some physician ownership.  
          Physician partners who perform surgeries in the center will 
          often own at least some part of the facility, but ownership 
          percentages vary considerably.  Some ASCs are entirely 
          physician-owned and some have a development or management 
          company that owns a percentage of a center.

           Medicare Certification  .  The federal Centers for Medicare 
          and Medicaid Services (CMS) develops Conditions of 
          Participation and Conditions for Coverage which are minimum 
          standards a health care organization must meet in order to 
          participate in the Medicare and Medicaid programs.  
          Certification as a surgical clinic is limited to any 
          distinct entity that operates exclusively for purposes of 
          providing surgical services to patients not requiring 
          hospitalization.  A surgical clinic may be either 
          hospital-operated or independent.  However, it must be 
          physically and administratively distinct from other 
          operations of the hospital and be able to identify its 
          costs separately from other hospital costs.  According to 
          CMS, covered procedures performed in certified ASCs are 
          those that generally do not exceed 90 minutes in length and 
          do not require more than four hours recovery or 

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          convalescent time.  The surgical clinic may not perform a 
          surgical procedure on a Medicare beneficiary when, before 
          surgery, an overnight hospital stay is anticipated.  
          Anticipated extended care in a non-hospital health care 
          setting as a result of a particular procedure is not a 
          covered surgical clinic procedure for Medicare 
          beneficiaries.

           MBC Accreditation  .  Physicians are currently prohibited by 
          law from performing specified outpatient surgeries, unless 
          they are performed in a licensed or accredited setting.  
          The law also specifies that certain outpatient surgery 
          settings are excluded from the accreditation requirement, 
          such as surgery clinics certified to participate in the 
          Medicare program and licensed surgical clinics.  Physicians 
          presently performing surgery under specified anesthesia 
          levels in unlicensed settings that are also not 
          Medicare-certified, such as their offices, must seek 
          accreditation from one of the accreditation agencies 
          approved by MBC.

          Board Licensure Requirement  .  Under existing law, the 
          surgical clinic, outpatient setting, or ASC is required to 
          comply with all applicable laws and regulations enforced by 
          the DPH and the Board, relating to drug distribution, in 
          order to ensure that inventories, security procedures, 
          training, protocol development, recordkeeping, packaging, 
          labeling, dispensing, and patient consultation are carried 
          out in a manner that is consistent with the promotion and 
          protection of the health and safety of the public.

           Capen v. Shewry  .  In 2007, a California appellate court 
          ruled that ASCs owned, in whole or in part, by physicians 
          would no longer be eligible for licensure by the DPH.  As a 
          result, the DPH ceased licensure activities of ASCs owned 
          by physicians, although it continued to perform Medicare 
          certification for those facilities.  Prior to the  Capen v. 
          Shewry  ruling, the DPH interpreted the exemption from 
          licensure in law for physician-owned clinics to mean that 
          each licensed health practitioner at the clinic had to have 
          at least some share in the ownership (or leasehold) and 
          operation of the clinic.  The DPH interpreted the law in 
          this way to ensure that a practitioner at the clinic could 
          not disclaim responsibility for its operation should a 

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          problem arise.  Although following  Capen v. Shewry  , the DPH 
          is not renewing or granting any licenses to a surgical 
          clinic with any degree of physician ownership, it continues 
          to certify these centers for Medicare purposes.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  Yes   
          Local:  Yes

          According to the Senate Appropriations Committee:

           Compliance inspection costs of estimated $164,000 in 
            2013-14 to the Pharmacy Board Contingent Fund, offset by 
            clinic licensing fees deposited in the Pharmacy Board 
            Contingent Fund; assuming inspections commence six months 
            after the effective date of the bill.

           Similar compliance inspection costs in 2014-15, 2015-16, 
            2016-17; licensing revenue fee shortfall of estimated 
            $63,000 annually.

           Potentially reduced compliance inspection activities in 
            2017-18 and ongoing, costs offset by fees.

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  5/1/12)

          California Ambulatory Surgery Association (source)
          Advanced Eye Surgery Center
          Airport Endoscopy Center
          AmSurg Corp
          Antelope Valley Surgery Center
          ASD Management
          Aspen Surgery Center
          Brentwood Surgery Center
          Carlsbad Surgery Center
          Central California Endoscopy Center
          Coast Surgery Center
          East Bay Endosurgery
          El Camino Surgery Center
          Glendale Eye Surgery Center
          Glendora Digestive Disease Institute
          Golden Triangle Surgicenter
          Hacienda Surgery Center
          Hope Square Surgical Center
          Inland Surgery Center

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          La Jolla Endoscopy Center
          Millennium Surgery Center
          Monterey Peninsula Surgery Centers
          Monterey Peninsula Surgery Centers
          National Surgical Hospitals
          North Coast Surgery Center
          Oasis Surgery Center
          Orthopaedic Surgery Center
          OtayLakes Surgery Center
          Outpatient Surgery Center of La Jolla
          Pain Diagnostic and Treatment Center
          Parkway Endoscopy Center
          Physicians Plaza Surgical Center
          Pleasanton Surgery Center
          Rancho Bernardo Surgery Center
          Redding Endoscopy Center
          Riverside Surgery Center
          Roseville Surgery Center
          San Luis Obispo Surgery Center
          San Mateo Surgery Center
          Skyway Surgery Center
          Southwest Surgical Center
          Surgery Center of Santa Monica
          Surgery Center of the Pacific
          Surgical Care Affiliates
          Temecula Valley Endoscopy Center
          Templeton Endoscopy Center
          The Oaks Surgery Center
          The Surgery Center of Santa Rosa
          United Surgical Partners
          Valley Digestive Health Center

           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    According to the author's office, 
          in 2007, the California Court of Appeal ruled in  Capen v. 
          Shewry  to prohibit the DPH from licensing ASCs that are 
          either partially or fully owned by a physician, even if the 
          physician-owned ASC is properly accredited and Medicare 
          certified.  Without proper licensure from the DPH, the 
          Board cannot grant the ASC a license to purchase 
          medications wholesale.

          Existing law is problematic because approximately 90 
          percent of ASCs have some type of physician ownership, 
          according to the author's office.  As a result of the  Capen 

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          v. Shewry  decision, physicians that own ASCs incur a 
          significant liability by having to purchase drugs at retail 
          prices.  The author's office states that this bill provides 
          physician-owned ASCs the proper licensing necessary to 
          administer high quality care by allowing them to purchase 
          certain drugs wholesale and storing them on site.


          JJA:do  5/2/12   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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