BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  AB 25
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          Date of Hearing:   April 24, 2013

            ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC EMPLOYEES, RETIREMENT AND SOCIAL  
                                      SECURITY
                                  Rob Bonta, Chair
                     AB 25 (Campos) - As Amended:  March 14, 2013
           
            SUBJECT  :   Employment: social media.

           SUMMARY  :   Seeks to clarify the Legislature's intent last year  
          that the prohibition barring employers from requiring or  
          requesting an employee or prospective employee to disclose their  
          private username or password for the purpose of accessing their  
          personal social media accounts applies to both public and  
          private employers.  Specifically,  this bill  :

          1)Prohibits public employers from requiring or requesting an  
            employee or applicant for employment to disclose a username or  
            password for the purpose of accessing personal social media,  
            to access personal social media in the presence of the  
            employer, or to divulge any personal social media content.

          2)Defines, for the purposes of this chapter, "public employer"  
            as the state, a city, a county, or a district.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Prohibits an employer from requiring or requesting an employee  
            or applicant for employment to disclose a username or password  
            for the purpose of accessing personal social media, to access  
            personal social media in the presence of the employer, or to  
            divulge any personal social media content.

          2)Under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, limits  
            the information potential employers and potential housing  
            providers can request of applicants.

          3)Provides, in the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution,  
            that "the right of the people to be secure in their persons,  
            houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and  
            seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue,  
            but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or Affirmation, and  
            particularly describing the place to be searched, and the  
            persons or things to be seized."









                                                                  AB 25
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           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown.

           COMMENTS  :   According to the analysis prepared by the Assembly  
          Judiciary Committee, "Last year this Committee unanimously  
          passed the author's AB 1844, which ultimately was approved by  
          the Legislature with bipartisan broad support and signed by the  
          Governor.  That bill prohibits an employer from requiring or  
          requesting an employee or job applicant to disclose a username  
          or password for the purpose of accessing his or her personal  
          social media, to access his or her personal social media in the  
          presence of the employer, or to divulge any personal social  
          media content.  When that bill proceeded through the  
          Legislature, it was assumed in the legislative analyses that the  
          measure was intended to apply to both public and private  
          employers.  However after the bill was chaptered, the author was  
          advised that current case law requires the Legislature to  
          explicitly state that such measures, when placed in the Labor  
          Code, are intended to apply to public as well as private  
          employers.  Although this interpretation may be disputed, and  
          there are many Labor Code provisions that do not explicitly  
          state their application to public employees but are nevertheless  
          understood to apply equally to public and private employers,  
          this bill merely seeks to do what was assumed the Legislature  
          did last year -- clarify that public employees as well as their  
          private counterparts are covered by this important consumer  
          privacy protection."

          According to the author, "AB 25 seeks to protect the privacy  
          rights of public employees and those seeking jobs in the public  
          sector.  Employers are increasingly asking, and sometimes  
          requiring employees or applicants to provide access to their  
          social media and online profiles.  This is a tremendous invasion  
          of privacy.  Asking for this information is akin to requiring  
          someone show you their personal photo album or allowing you to  
          eavesdrop on their private conversations.  Simply because  
          personal information is more readily available than in the past  
          doesn't open the door to employers' demands to have access to  
          it.  Perhaps most importantly, the tweets, posts, or profile of  
          an individual are no indication of whether or not they are  
          qualified for a position."

          California Professional Firefighters, the state council of the  
          International Association of Firefighters, representing over  
          30,000 career firefighters and emergency medical personnel  
          statewide, offers its support of AB 25 and believes, consistent  








                                                                  AB 25
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          with existing provisions under the law, public employers,  
          "including those that employ California's state and local  
          government firefighters," should be prohibited from requiring or  
          requesting an employee or applicant for employment to disclose  
          their personal social media.

          Supporters also state, "Constitutional rights to privacy are  
          violated when an employer demands that a prospective employee  
          provide passwords meant to protect date stored on a computer.   
          The practice of asking interviewees to provide their passwords  
          sets up an incredibly imbalanced sense of trust between  
          employers and staff.  In general, the interview process includes  
          a background check, a request for references, and an interview  
          questionnaire about one's background, record, and experiences.   
          To ask for a Facebook password implies that the company does not  
          trust you, and ignores the very real and very damaging long-term  
          costs to organizational culture, employee retention, and  
          managerial trust."

          The California Police Chiefs Association (CPCA) wrote the  
          Committee in strong opposition.  Amongst other things, CPCA  
          states that AB 25 will undermine law enforcement's ability to  
          screen and monitor the activities of its personnel, writing in  
          part that, "Persons in law enforcement have positions of  
          incalculable trust and power in our communities: Front-line  
          officers literally have the authority to deprive a person of  
          his/her freedom, use force when appropriate and even take a life  
          under certain circumstances.  Non-sworn personnel have access to  
          information and records of citizens that has the potential of  
          being diverted to inappropriate use.

          "It is for these reasons that law enforcement agencies conduct  
          the most thoroughly of scrutinizes prior to hiring a person into  
          their agency.  That scrutiny and oversight continues even after  
          the individual is hired and vested with the range of authority  
          and access to information that is not available to the general  
          public."

          This bill was also heard in the Assembly Judiciary Committee on  
          April 16, 2013, where it passed out on an 8 to 2 vote.

          In response to the amendment requested by the CPCA, the Assembly  
          Judiciary Committee analysis points out that background  
          investigation screening tools of prospective law enforcement  
          personnel are already extensive.   As it stands, law enforcement  








                                                                  AB 25
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          requires prospective employees to submit to an aggressive  
          background investigation process to protect public safety in  
          order to gain employment as a public safety officer, which may  
          include completion of a detailed history statement, submission  
          to a polygraph, and other requirements.

          The Assembly Judiciary Committee also noted that not only was  
          the amendment requested by the CPCA was a very broad exclusion  
          for public employee privacy rights, it would also likely be  
          found to be per se unconstitutional.

          Finally, the Assembly Judiciary Committee states that the  
          requested exemption clearly appears to open up a potential  
          "slippery slope," stating, in part, "Exempting a broad number of  
          public employees in law enforcement from the law's privacy  
          protections would also appear to create a substantial risk that  
          such an exemption would inevitably, and likely quickly, lead to  
          many other public employers seeking similar exemptions from the  
          law's privacy protections, such as teachers and social workers,  
          and perhaps many others, on the grounds that many if not most  
          public employees work in jobs that could affect public safety."

          Pursuant to the Assembly Judiciary Committee's rules and  
          tradition, should this bill pass and face subsequent amendments  
          the author has agreed to bring the bill back for another hearing  
          and further consideration.

           PRIOR LEGISLATION  :
                         
          AB 1844 (Campos), Chapter 618, Statutes of 2012, prohibits an  
          employer from requiring or requesting an employee or prospective  
          employee to disclose the username or password for the purposes  
          of accessing their personal social media account.

          SB 1349 (Yee), Chapter 619, Statutes of 2012, prohibits public  
          and private postsecondary educational institutions from  
          requiring or requesting students, prospective students, or  
          student groups to disclose, access, or divulge personal social  
          media.

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          American Civil Liberties Union of California








                                                                  AB 25
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          American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
          Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs
          California Labor Federation
          California Professional Firefighters
          California School Employees Association
          California Teachers Association
          Consumer Federation of California 
          Glendale City Employees Association
          Los Angeles Police Protective League
          Los Angeles Probation Officers' Union
          Organization of SMUD Employees
          Privacy Rights Clearinghouse
          Professional Engineers in California Government
          Riverside Sheriffs' Association
          San Bernardino Public Employees Association
          San Luis Obispo County Employees Association
          Santa Rosa City Employees Association
          Southwest California Legislative Council

           Opposition 
           
          California Association of Highway Patrolmen (CAHP)
          California Police Chiefs Association
          California Probation, Parole, and Correctional Association
          California State Sheriffs' Association
          Chief Probation Officers of California
          Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training

           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    Karon Green / P.E., R. & S.S. / (916)  
          319-3957