BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó




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      Date of Hearing:   April 23, 2013

          ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON JOBS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE ECONOMY
                                 Jose Medina, Chair
                 AB 28 (V. Manuel Pérez) - As Amended:  March 4, 2013
       
      SUBJECT  :   Economic Development: Enterprise Zones 

       SUMMARY  :   Makes six programmatic/fiscal improvements to the  
      geographically-targeted economic development area programs, (G-TEDAs)  
      relating to cost, transparency and accountability including, but not  
      limited to:

      1)De-designation of poor performing zones;
      2)Better tracking of local financial and nonfinancial contributions to  
        zone activities;
      3)Restricting eligible areas for new zones to low-income census tracks;
      4)Limiting size of new zones, in areas where previous zones had existed;  

      5)Better linkages between state funded job programs and G-TEDA  
        businesses; and   
      6)Expansion of state-level reporting on job creation and business  
        development.

      Specifically,  this bill  :  

      1)Requires new enterprise zone designations to only include eligible  
        areas comprised of low income census tracts.  Existing law allows  
        applicants to choose among several economic distress factors,  
        including low income households.  Communities can still use other  
        criteria to determine eligibility, but one criterion must be low  
        household income.  The reforms also modify the application bonus point  
        system to better target lowest income neighborhoods.  

      2)Limits the size of a new zone that includes an area from an existing  
        or pervious zone to 115% of the size of the existing or previous zone.  
         For rural areas, as defined, the size of the new zone is limited to  
        125%.  In addition, for proposed new zones that includes area from two  
        or more current or previous zones, the size of the zone is limited to  
        115% of the largest current or previous zones.

      3)Authorizes the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD)  
        to increase the state fee that is assessed on each hire credit voucher  
        submitted for certification from $15 to as high as $20, based on the  
        actual increase in program costs.  HCD currently has sufficient moneys  









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        to oversee these program changes, in the future; however, costs may  
        increase and should be covered.  HCD receives no General Fund moneys  
        to administer the G-TEDA program.

      4)Links each zone's required biennial progress report to the HCD audit  
        and zone de-designation process.  Currently, there are no specified  
        penalties for a zone that fails to submit its biennial progress report  
        or that fails to meet goals and objectives, as outlined in its  
        memorandum of understanding with the state.  By linking poor  
        performance with the existing HCD audit procedures, a process is  
        established to identify and de-designate poor performing zones.
       
       5)Requires local governments to identify in its application the types of  
        local resources they are committing to use in implementing its  
        economic development strategy and then have each zone document in its  
        biennial progress report the actual amount of local resources  
        (including incentives) that were dedicated to zone activities.

      6)Requires state agencies and departments, when developing workforce  
        programs and services to consider how the enterprise zone program  
        could be better integrated into serving their target client including  
        Career One-Stop Offices, CalWORKS and the Department of Education. 

      7)Requires a more comprehensive review of the program based on  
        information from the zones and affiliated state agencies.  New areas  
        of information would include the type of businesses being served in  
        zones, the amount of capital investments being made by zone  
        businesses, and wage rates of employees on which hiring credits are  
        claimed.

       EXISTING LAW:  

      1)Provides for the establishment of G-TEDA programs to stimulate  
        business and industrial growth, and create jobs in depressed areas of  
        the state.  Specifically, existing law: 

         a)   Establishes the Enterprise Zone (EZ) Program with a maximum of  
           42 EZs, each designated for an initial 15-year period by HCD;  

         b)   Establishes the Local Agency Military Base Realignment Area  
           (LAMBRA) Program with a maximum of eight LAMBRAs, each designated  
           for an eight-year period by HCD.  Limits designation to one LAMBRA  
           per geographical region of the state;

         c)   Establishes the Manufacturing Enhancement Area (MEA) Program  









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           with a maximum of two MEAs, each designated for a 14-year period by  
           HCD.  Limits MEA designation to impoverished areas along the  
           California-Mexico border; and  

         d)   Establishes the Targeted Tax Area (TTA) Program, administered by  
           HCD, within the County of Tulare for a 15-year period.

      2)Provides legislative intent that the "health, safety, and welfare of  
        the people of California depend upon the development, stability, and  
        expansion of private business, industry, and commerce, and there are  
        certain areas within the state that are economically depressed due to  
        a lack of investment in the private sector. Therefore, it is declared  
        to be the purpose of this chapter to stimulate business and industrial  
        growth in the depressed areas of the state by relaxing regulatory  
        controls that impede private investment.  Further, that is in the  
        economic interest of the state to have one strong, combined, and  
        business-friendly incentive program to help attract business and  
        industry to the state, to help retain and expand existing state  
        business and industry, and to create increased job opportunities for  
        all Californians. "

       FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown 

       COMMENTS  :  

       1)Framing the Policy Issue  :  The measure seeks to increase the  
        transparency and accountability of the G-TEDA programs.  As currently  
        drafted, the bill does not address proposed chances to the G-TEDA tax  
        provisions, however staff understands those issues are under  
        discussion.  

        This analysis includes background on the G-TEDA programs including a  
        discussion on the impact of the program on California communities and  
        a history of the quest for a comprehensive reform package.

       2)The California Enterprise Zone Program  :  The EZ and the other G-TEDA  
        programs are among the largest state economic development programs in  
        California.  HCD administers four G-TEDA programs including programs  
        for the EZs, MEAs, LAMBRAs, and one TTA.

        HCD is authorized to designate up to 42 enterprise zones based on a  
        statutory list of criteria related to poverty and economic  
        dislocation.  The G-TEDA programs are based on the economic principle  
        that targeting significant incentives to lower income communities  
        allows these communities to more effectively compete for new  









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        businesses and retain existing businesses, resulting in increased tax  
        revenues, decreased reliance on social services, and lower public  
        safety costs.  Residents and businesses also directly benefit from  
        these more sustainable economic conditions through improved  
        neighborhoods, business expansion, and job creation. 

        Enterprise zones are located in portions of 54 Assembly Districts and  
        32 Senate Districts.  Enterprise zones range in size from one square  
        mile to 70 square miles and in geographic locations ranging from  
        Eureka and Shasta Valley near the Oregon border to San Diego and  
        Calexico along the Mexican border.  

        Under the program, businesses and other entities located within the  
        area are eligible for a variety of local and state incentives.  In its  
        application, a prospective enterprise zone is required to identify  
        specific local government incentives that will be made available to  
        businesses located in the proposed zone.  The local incentives can,  
        among other things, include, writing down the costs of development,  
        funding related infrastructure improvements, providing job training to  
        prospective employees, and/or establishing streamlined processes for  
        obtaining permits.  

        The state additionally offers a number of incentives, including tax  
        credits, special tax provisions, priority notification in the sale of  
        state surplus lands, access to certain Brownfield clean-up programs,  
        and preferential treatment for state contracts.  In addition to  
        enterprise zones, the state is also authorized to administer several  
        other G-TEDAs including a TTA, MEA and LAMBRA.  Below is a chart  
        comparing the state tax incentives offered to businesses located in a  
        G-TEDA.


             ---------------------------------------------------------- 
            |   Comparison of State Tax Benefits by Targeted Area      |
             ---------------------------------------------------------- 
            |-----------+------+---------+---------+----------+---------|
            |           |Hiring|Longer   |Sales    |Accelerate|Lender   |
            |           |      |NOL<1>   |and Use  |d         |Interest |
            |           |Credit|Carry-   |Tax      |Depreciati|Deduction|
            |           |      |Forward  |Credit   |on        |         |
            |           |      |Period   |         |          |         |
            |-----------+------+---------+---------+----------+---------|
            |Enterprise |  X   |    X    |    X    |    X     |    X    |
            |Zone       |      |         |         |          |         |



      ---------------------------------
      <1> NOL= Net Operating Loss








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            |-----------+------+---------+---------+----------+---------|
            |Manufacturi|  X   |         |         |          |         |
            |ng         |      |         |         |          |         |
            |Enhancement|      |         |         |          |         |
            | Zone      |      |         |         |          |         |
            |-----------+------+---------+---------+----------+---------|
            |Targeted   |  X   |    X    |    X    |    X     |         |
            |Tax Area   |      |         |         |          |         |
            |-----------+------+---------+---------+----------+---------|
            |Local      |  X   |    X    |    X    |    X     |         |
            |Agency     |      |         |         |          |         |
            |Military   |      |         |         |          |         |
            |Base       |      |         |         |          |         |
            |Recovery   |      |         |         |          |         |
            |Area       |      |         |         |          |         |
             ----------------------------------------------------------- 
             ---------------------------------------------------------- 
            |Source:  Legislative Analyst's Office                     |
             ---------------------------------------------------------- 

        The Franchise Tax Board (FTB) reported that in 2010 - the most current  
        comprehensive data available - $721.5 million in enterprise zone  
        business incentives were claimed through corporate and personal income  
        tax (PIT) returns.  Additionally, FTB reported hundreds of millions in  
        carryover credits have been earned by businesses, but have not been  
        claimed.  Below is a chart that displays the dollar amount of  
        enterprise zone incentives claimed through each of the tax incentives.  
         


                       ------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                      |               Enterprise Zone Tax Incentive Usage*                |
                      |                              Source:                              |
                      |http://www.ftb.ca.gov/aboutFTB/Tax_Statistics/Reports/2011_Tables_M|
                      |                              emo.pdf                              |
                      |http://www.ftb.ca.gov/aboutFTB/Tax_Statistics/Reports/2011_Table_2_|
                      |                             EZPA.pdf                              |
                      |                                                                   |
                      |                              http://www.ftb.ca.gov/aboutFTB/Tax_Statistics/Rev_Est_Exhibits_1212.pdf |
                       ------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |         | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007  | 2008  |  2009  |2010 |2011 |
                      |         |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |Hiring   |$349,1|$362,6|$385,6|$430,93|$462,68|$458,912|$697,|$476,|









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                      |and      |27    |20    |77    |4      |   2   |        | 912 |205* |
                      |Sales    |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |Tax      |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |Credit   |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |NOL      |$72,32|$74,02|$126,1|$207,99|$50,418| $5,588 |$6,52| --  |
                      |Deduction|6     |4     |06    |3      |       |        |  1  |     |
                      |s        |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |Tax      |$5,171|$5,966|$11,35|$15,807|$3,433 |  $359  |$523 | --  |
                      |Impact   |      |      |1     |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |Net      |$432,8|$490,1|$517,3|$520,37|$264,54|$265,683|$335,| --  |
                      |Interest |67    |29    |10    |2      |   7   |        | 982 |     |
                      |Deduction|      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |s        |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |Tax      |$29,10|$32,39|$34,15|$34,438|$17,282|$12,268 |$22,9| --  |
                      |Impact   |3     |5     |6     |       |       |        | 86  |     |
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |Business |$4,387|$4,770|$4,463|$5,136 |$5,637 | $4,365 |$4,48| --  |
                      |Expense  |      |      |      |       |       |        |  1  |     |
                      |Deduction|      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |s        |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |Tax      |$222  |$200  |$188  |$197   | $199  |  $163  |$159 | --  |
                      |Impact   |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                      |---------+------+------+------+-------+-------+--------+-----+-----|
                      |Total    |$383,6|$401,1|$431,3|$481,37|$483,59|$474,515|$721,| --  |
                      |Tax      |24    |81    |71    |6      |   6   |        | 580 |     |
                      |Impact   |      |      |      |       |       |        |     |     |
                       ------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                       ------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                      |                                           *Data shown in Thousands|
                      |-------------------------------------------------------------------|
                      |                    Data Provided by the Franchise Tax Board 4/2013|
                      |   *Estimated based on preliminary data (returns processed through |
                      |November 11, 2012)                                                 |
                      |                                                                   |
                       ------------------------------------------------------------------- 

        Across the U.S., 37 other states have G-TEDA type programs.  Economic  
        developers have testified that the G-TEDA programs are among the  
        state's last remaining marketing tools for attracting new businesses  
        and investment to California.  Others, however, remain unconvinced and  









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        have suggested that this level of tax expenditure could be better  
        spent elsewhere.

       3)Assessments of the California Enterprise Zone Program  :  Measuring the  
        success and failure of the enterprise zone and other G-TEDA programs  
        has been central to the debate on whether to expand or limit, as in  
        this case of this measure, the G-TEDA programs.  Complicating the  
        matter is that much of the discussion around the relative success or  
        failure of the G-TEDA programs is anecdotal.  The academic attempts to  
        assess the state's G-TEDA programs have produced mixed results.  Some  
        of the variance among study findings can be attributed to the limited  
        access to good data sets.  Research generally requires development of  
        a set of assumptions to undertake a study.  The assumptions made in  
        the case of the G-TEDAs have, however, left most, if not all, of the  
        methodological approaches open to debate.  Moreover, the problems in  
        assessing the G-TEDA programs have been further complicated by a lack  
        of consensus on why the programs were established and what objectives  
        they were designed to achieve.

        Responding to the differing reports, HCD commissioned its own study in  
        2006, which looked at the impact of the enterprise zone program on  
        neighborhood poverty, income, rents, and vacancy rates.  The report  
        showed that, on average, within enterprise zones between 1990 and  
        2000:

                 Poverty rates declined 7.35% more than the rest of the  
             state; 
                 Unemployment rates declined 1.2% more than the rest of the  
             state; 
                 Household incomes increased 7.1% more than the rest of the  
             state; and
                 Wage and salary income increased 3.5% more than the rest of  
             the state.

        Since HCD's 2006 report, two additional reports have been released.   
        One report found favorable impacts of the enterprise zone program and  
        another found the program lacking in its ability to stimulate jobs.   
        In November 2008 and later revised and re-released in March 2009,  
        economists from the University of Southern California (USC) found that  
        federal empowerment zones, federal enterprise communities, and state  
        enterprise zones have "positive, statistically significant impacts on  
        local labor markets in terms of the unemployment rate, the poverty  
        rate, the fraction with wage and salary income, and employment."

        The Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) released its study of  









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        the enterprise zone program in June 2009, examining whether the  
        program had been successful in creating more jobs than would have  
        otherwise been established without the enterprise zone.  The main  
        finding of this report was that, "enterprise zones have no  
        statistically significant effect on either business creation or  
        employment growth rates."  

        The PPIC report also noted that the effects of the program differed  
        among enterprise zones, appearing to have a greater effect on job  
        creation in zones with lesser amounts of manufacturing and those where  
        the administrators spent a greater amount of time on marketing and  
        outreach activities.  The report further stated that the PPIC  
        encouraged a more critical evaluation of the program overall and on  
        individual zones using both employment and other metrics such as  
        poverty, unemployment, and property values.  

        It is important to note, however, that while the USC and PPIC reports  
        discussed above were released in 2008 and 2009, the business  
        development data used to form the statistical analyses were from  2004   
        and earlier.  This date is significant, as both HCD and the  
        Legislature approved significant reforms to the program in 2006  
        (discussed below), and only two of the 42 current zones were subject  
        to the study, raising the question as to whether either two of the  
        studies accurately reflect the impact of the enterprise zone program  
        today.

       1)The Pursuit of Comprehensive Reforms (list of bills is under comment  
        7)  :  While the G-TEDA programs have been around for decades, it was  
        not until the winter of 2005 that the first comprehensive legislative  
        oversight hearings were held.  The impetus for these hearings, jointly  
        held by the Assembly Committee on Jobs, Economic Development and the  
        Economy (JEDE) and the Assembly Committee on Revenue and Taxation  
        (R&T), was the introduction of several comprehensive and controversial  
        reform efforts in 2004.  During the course of these first oversight  
        hearings, the committees struggled to develop a framework for  
        evaluating the state's return on investment.  
         
         Due to the lack of clear data and the state's poor administration of  
        the program when it was overseen by the now defunct Technology, Trade  
        and Commerce Agency, JEDE's focus shifted to improving the  
        transparency and accountability of the G-TEDA programs as a first step  
        toward broader reform efforts.  Following the three hearings,  
        publication of a final report, and extended work group meetings led by  
        JEDE, legislation was negotiated and approved by the Senate and  
        Assembly Floors on 40-0 and 77-0 votes [AB 1550 (Arambula and  









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        Karnette), Chapter 718, Statutes of 2006].  

         The requirements of the 2006 reforms were just coming into effect when  
        there were new calls for further G-TEDA reforms in 2009.  In preparing  
        to vote on another set of comprehensive reforms, JEDE initiated a  
        second round of hearings, which included an examination of how the  
        prior reforms were progressing and what additional areas were in need  
        of improvement.  During the course of its 2009 review, JEDE held three  
        public hearings, met with a variety of stakeholder groups, and  
        produced an updated report that detailed the structure and activities  
        of the G-TEDA program.  In addition to the authors of the USC and PPIC  
        reports, speakers included economic development practioners,  
        researchers, nonprofit organizations, local governments, labor, and  
        business leaders.  
       
        A final summary report of the proceedings was released by JEDE in  
        January 2010; it included a comparative review of how California's  
        program stacked up against other state's enterprise zone programs,  
        summaries of each hearing and a list of 100 reform recommendations.   
        The JEDE report made five key findings, including the need for more  
        structure and accountability mechanisms within the tax incentives and  
        the need to better link workforce development into the overall G-TEDA  
        framework.

        In March 2010, at the request of the Speaker, JEDE convened a working  
        group to review the final report recommendations and develop a  
        comprehensive set of reforms to the G-TEDA programs.  The work group,  
        comprised of representatives from local governments, labor and the  
        business community, met extensively through the spring and summer of  
        2010 on the premise that they would put forward a consensus-based set  
                                                                     of reforms.  Key program revisions under discussion included:

         a)   Increasing accountability of the program;
         b)   Tighter targeting of tax incentives to low income households;
         c)   Reforms to structure the hiring credit including targeted higher  
           wage and manufacturing-related jobs; and
         d)   Increased integration of the enterprise zone program with other  
           state and local community development programs, including public  
           programs that support workforce development and job placement.

        Ultimately, one of the primary stakeholder groups withdrew from the  
        negotiations based on their position that the overall reform package  
        must result in a substantially smaller program and perhaps be only  
        limited to the state's rural areas.










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       2)2011-12 Enterprise Zone Actions  :  In January 2011, Governor Brown  
        released, as part of his 2011-12 proposed budget, a proposal to  
        eliminate the G-TEDA programs, including any previously earned credits  
        that had not yet been applied toward tax liability.  His proposal was  
        met with both support from the critics of the program, including  
        labor, and opposition from supporters of the program, including local  
        government and business representatives.   

         Responding to the Governor's proposal, an comprehensive reform measure  
        was introduced, AB 231 (V. Manuel Pérez and Alejo), which included  
        many of the reform recommendations from the 2009 hearings and working  
        group meetings, including proposals for reducing the overall cost of  
        the program and increasing transparency and accountability.  In the  
        Governor's May 2011 budget report, his G-TEDA proposal was modified  
        from eliminating all the G-TEDA programs to eliminating the  
        requirement that the hire credit be targeted toward underserved  
        populations, limited the hire credit to only net new hires (similar to  
        the provisions in SB 412), and reducing the value of the individual  
        hiring credit from $37, 400 over five years to a one-time credit of  
        $5,000.  The Legislature did not take action on the Governor's May  
        revision proposal.

        In addition to the Governor's proposal and AB 231, three other  
        measures tried to advance reform efforts.  First, a narrowly focused  
        reform measure was advanced through the Senate, SB 301 (DeSaulnier),  
        which limited the size of new enterprise zones in instances where the  
        new zone would include areas that were previously included within a  
        zone.  In July 2011, the provisions of SB 301 were amended into AB  
        1411 (V. Manuel Pérez and Alejo) which was a second, although less  
        comprehensive, reform measure.  Responding to a local plant closure, a  
        third measure, AB 1278 (Hill), was amended to prohibit hire credits  
        for employees that replace workers who lost their job as a result of a  
        plant relocation.  The AB 1278 provisions were similar, but more  
        restrictive than the AB 231 relocation provisions, and AB 1278 failed  
        move to out of JEDE in 2011.

        In the fall of 2011, HCD announced that no new zones would be  
        designated until major reforms were implemented and scheduled  
        listening sessions around the state to help in the development of a  
        comprehensive set of regulations that would "increase transparency,  
        accountability, cost effectiveness, and to more effectively stimulate  
        job growth in California."  In deference to the Governor's renewed  
        interest in developing a reform compromise, the author did not set AB  
        231 in JEDE for the January 2012 two-year bill hearing.  AB 484  
        (Alejo) was later amended to allow for the extension of two enterprise  









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        zones (Watsonville and Antelope Valley) that were expiring and would  
        not have an opportunity to re-apply due to the designation black-out.   
        Later in the year, the author tried to move AB 1411 through the  
        Senate, but it was ultimately held in Senate Rules Committee.  By the  
        end of the 2011-2012 Session, all the enterprise measures had been  
        held or died.

        The regulation package, expected in February 2012, was not published  
        until January 2013.  Key elements in the regulations include:

         a)   Require voucher applications to be made within one year from the  
           date of hire.  A one-year catch-up period was proposed for existing  
           hires;
         b)   Modify supporting documentation to the voucher application, most  
           significantly, prohibit the use of  a W-4 form for documenting  
           residence of an employee;
         c)   Require, for the first time, HCD to collect data from zone  
           administrator on vouchering statistics;
         d)   Create audit procedure including a process to allow audit  
           failures result in zone decertification; and 
         e)   Update the voucher application fee from $10 to the $15, maximum  
           allowed by statute.

        Upon publication, the local government and business community  
        stakeholders expressed significant concerns that the regulations went  
        beyond existing statutory authority and represented programmatic  
        policy changes that were more appropriately within the purview of the  
        Legislature.  No response has been made from HCD since the public  
        comment period ended on February 28, 2013.

       3)Why Continue Seeking Reforms?   In California, poverty is primarily  
        concentrated among communities of color which have a statistical  
        correlation with lower levels of educational attainment and access to  
        basic health care.  This creates a significant socioeconomic disparity  
        within our society, which has led to two separate and unequal  
        societies.  Research by the California Endowment shows that more than  
        half of the Latinos in this country and nearly 65% of African  
        Americans live in neighborhoods of color, generally low-income  
        communities. 

        Economically distressed communities typically lack jobs, good schools,  
        and safe and well-maintained housing.  Conversely, these areas often  
        have high crime rates, gang violence, and unemployment.  Moreover,  
        they do not have the sufficient social support to eliminate or  
        overcome these obstacles on their own.  Narrow focused programs are  









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        generally ineffective because there is an array of complex issues that  
        drive poverty.  Comprehensive programs, however, are expensive an can  
        be difficult to measure impacts. Yet, leaving poverty unaddressed  
        results in its expansion, creating higher unemployment levels and  
        increasing disparity within the broader community.  

        Research shows that effective solutions to poverty must be deep,  
        long-term and center on policies which provide economic opportunities  
        and individual and neighborhood empowerment.  As a framework, the  
        enterprise zone program could provide such a community development  
        program.

       4)Related Legislation  :  Below is a list of current and prior  
        legislation.

          a)   AB 9 (Holden) Wage Base Reforms  :   This bill modifies the  
           enterprise zone hire credit conditions by requiring employees  
           receive a qualified wage that exceeds an average monthly wage  
           $2,000 and expands the definition of a qualified employee by  
           expanding the dislocated worker requirements to reflect recent  
           economic considerations.  Status:  Two-year bill in JEDE.

          b)   SB 113 (DeSaulnier) Size Limitations on New Zones  :  This bill  
           prohibits a jurisdiction which applies for an enterprise zone  
           designation, on or after January 1, 2012, that includes area that  
           was once within a previously designated zone from receiving a new  
           zone designation that has a geographic area of more than 115% of  
           the size of the previous zone.   The bill also limits new zone  
           designations in cases where the proposed zone area had been within  
           one or more previously designated zones to 115% of the largest of  
           those zones.  Status:  Pending in Senate Committee on  
           Transportation and Housing.

          c)   SB 434 (Hill) Capped and Allocated Hire Credit  :  This bill  
           converts the hire credit to a capped and allocated credit; revises  
           the percentage of qualified wages allowed per year of employment;  
           limits the hire credit available to relocated businesses; and  
           prohibits a person from charging a contingent fee for services  
           rendered in connection with a G-TEDA tax credit.  Status:  Pending  
           in the Senate Committee on Governance and Finance.

         Legislation from prior Sessions
       
          d)   AB 231 (V. Manuel Pérez and Alejo) Enterprise Zone Reforms  : This  
           bill would have made a number of changes to the California  









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           Enterprise Zone Program including the following:

           i)     Reforms to reduce the cost and size of the program  
             including, but not limited to:  limiting the use of the tax  
             credits and deductions to 50% of tax liability for the 2011 and  
             2012 tax years,  requiring vouchering of qualified employees  
             within 36 months of employment,  reducing the five-year credit to  
             three years, limiting the hiring credit for relocating  
             businesses,  scaling back the size of the targeted tax area,  
             limiting the carry forward of credits to 15 years, requiring new  
             zones to exclusively designated based on lower income households,  
             and limiting the merging of zones.

           ii)    Reforms to increase program accountability including, but  
             not limited to, de-designation of poor performing zones,   
             prohibiting "bad actor" businesses from accessing tax incentives,  
             tracking local resources dedicated to zone activities, and  
             expanding state-level reporting.
           Status:  Held by JEDE in 2012.

          e)   AB 1139 (John A. Pérez) Enterprise Zone Hiring Credit  :  This  
           bill would have made four changes to the G-TEDA programs:  

           i)     Establishing a two-tier hiring credit - one funding level  
             for jobs with health care and another for those without;
           ii)    Requiring applications for hiring credit certification to be  
             submitted to the certifying agency within 21 days of the  
             commencement of employment;
           iii)   Removing from the hiring credit qualified employee list,  
             employees who reside within a targeted employment area; and
           iv)    Requiring annual reporting from tax payers who have  
             certified an employee under the hiring credit.
           Status:  Held in JEDE in 2010.
       
         f)   AB 1159 (V. Manuel Pérez) Enhancement of Sales and Use Credit  
           for Cleantech Projects  :  This bill would have established the  
           California Cleantech Advantage Act of 2008 providing a targeted  
           incentive to strengthen California's competitive edge in the  
           leading emerging clean technologies.  Status:  Held in Assembly  
           Committee on Appropriations in 2010.

          g)   AB 1278 (Hill) G-TEDA Hiring Credits  :  This bill, as it was  
           heard in JEDE, would have limited the application of the new hire  
           credit in instances where the tax payer has relocated from one area  
           of California to a G-TEDA on or after January 1, 2011.  Under this  









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           circumstance, a G-TEDA hire credit would only be allowed for  
           qualified employees who represent a net increase to the total  
           number of California workers employed by the tax payer over the  
           previous tax year.  Further, the tax payer would be is required to  
           have also made a bona fide offer of employment at the new work  
           location to each employee at the old location that was displaced by  
           the move.  The bill did not pass JEDE in this form.  The G-TEDA  
           language was stripped from the bill and different language was  
           included which changed its jurisdiction.  Status:  Vetoed by the  
           Governor, 2012.  

          h)   AB 1411 (V. Manuel Pérez and Alejo) Accountability Reforms  :   
           This bill would have made a number of changes to the enterprise  
           zone program related to accountability and transparency including,  
           but not limited to, limiting new zone designations to lower income  
           census tracts, increasing reporting of the programs impact, and  
           de-designating poor performing zones.  Status:  Held in Senate  
           Rules Committee in 2012.

          i)   AB 1550 (Arambula) Final Enterprise Zone Reform Act from 2005-06  
           Session  :  This bill made a number of significant changes to the  
           management and oversight of the G-TEDA programs.  The bill was the  
           result of extensive oversight hearings held by JEDE and R&T, as  
           well as extended discussions with stakeholder groups.  Status:   
           Signed by the Governor, Chapter 718, Statutes of 2006.
       
         j)   AB 2589 (Runner) Aggregate Credits to Offset Tax Liability  
           within Zones  :  This bill would have authorized a business to use  
           credits generated in an enterprise zone to offset taxes  
           attributable to the business from any enterprise zone.  Status:   
           Held in the Revenue and Tax in 2006.  

          aa)  AB 2476 (V. Manuel Pérez) Reform of TEA  :  This bill would have  
           tightened the criteria for designating a TEA for the purposes of  
           establishing one of the thirteen worker eligibility criteria under  
           the enterprise zone hiring tax credit requirements.  Status:  Held  
           in the Assembly Committee on Appropriations in 2010.
       
         bb)  AB 301 (DeSaulnier) Size of Zones  :  This bill would have  
           prohibited a jurisdiction which applies for an enterprise zone  
           designation, on or after January 1, 2012, that includes area that  
           was once within a previously designated zone from receiving a new  
           zone designation that has a geographic area of more than 115% of  
           the size of the previous zone.   The bill also limits new zone  
           designations in cases where the proposed zone area had been within  









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           one or more previously designated zones to 115% of the largest of  
           those zones.  Status:  Amended into another subject matter.

          cc)  SB 974 (Steinberg) Career Pathways Credit and Hiring Credit  
           Swap  :  This bill would have established a new Career Pathways  
           Investment Credit for qualifying business entities that partner  
           with local education agency programs to develop and support career  
           pathway programs, as specified.  Funding for the credit would be  
           provided by limiting the eligibility criteria on the existing  
           enterprise zone hiring credit.  Status:  Held in JEDE in 2010.

          dd)  SB 1008 (Ducheny) Initial Enterprise Reform Act from 2005-06  
           Session  :  This bill would have made a number of significant changes  
           to the G-TEDA programs including streamlining the selection  
           criteria, authorizing noncontiguous zones, extending certain zone  
           designations, and tightening up of the TEA.  Status:  Held in JEDE  
           in 2006.

       5)Double Referral  :  This measure was referred by the Assembly Rules  
        Committee to policy committees.  Should this measure pass JEDE, AB 28  
        will be referred to the Assembly Committee on Revenue and Taxation for  
        further consideration.

       REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

       Support 
       
      CalChamber 
      California Asian Pacific Chamber of Commerce 
      California Association of Local Economic Development 
      California Business Properties Association 
      California Manufacturers & Technology Association 
      California Retailers Association 
      El Centro and Brawley Chambers of Commerce
      League of California Cities 
      Pacific Merchant and Shipping Association 
      SSA Marine

       Opposition 
       
      None received 
       

      Analysis Prepared by  :    Toni Symonds and Edith Gonzalez/ J., E.D. & E.  
      / (916) 319-2090 









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