BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  AB 269
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          Date of Hearing:   April 16, 2013

                       ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON VETERANS AFFAIRS
                                Al Muratsuchi, Chair
                     AB 269 (Grove) - As Amended:  April 1, 2013
           
          SUBJECT  : Vote by mail ballots: military or overseas voters

           SUMMARY  : Allows the vote by mail (VBM) ballot of a military or  
          overseas voter to arrive up to 3 days after the election and  
          still be counted, provided that the ballot is postmarked by the  
          United States Postal Service or the Military Postal Service  
          Agency on or before election day.    
           
          EXISTING LAW  : 

          1)Defines a "military or overseas voter" as an elector absent  
            from the county in which he or she is otherwise eligible to  
            vote who is any of the following: 

             a)   A Member of the active or reserve components of the  
               United States Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast  
               Guard, Merchant Marine, a member of the United States  
               Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, a member of the  
               National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  
               Commissioned Corps of the United States, or a member on  
               activated status of the National Guard or state militia;

             b)   A United States citizen living outside of the  
               territorial limits of the United States or the District of  
               Columbia; or,

             c)   A spouse or dependent of a person described above in  
               subdivision (a).

          2)Provides that any voter who qualifies as a military or  
            overseas voter has the right to register for, and to vote by a  
            VBM ballot in any election within the state, including any  
            general, special, or primary election for any federal or  
            statewide office or ballot measure that is voted on statewide.  
             Provides that any voter who qualifies as a military of  
            overseas voter has the right to register for and to vote by a  
            VBM ballot in any other election for any office or ballot  
            measure held in the precinct in which he or she was a resident  
            when he or she was last living within the territorial limits  








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            of the United States or the District of Columbia, or in any  
            precinct of the state in which his or her parent or legal  
            guardian resided when the parent or legal guardian last lived  
            within the territorial limits of the United States or the  
            District of Columbia.

          3)Requires all VBM ballots to be received by the elections  
            official from whom they were obtained or by the precinct board  
            no later than the close of polls on election day in order to  
            be counted.

          4)Provides that an application for a VBM ballot by a military or  
            overseas voter is deemed to be an affidavit of registration  
            and an application for permanent VBM voter status.   Provides  
            that such an application is deemed complete if it contains the  
            voter's name, the voter's date of birth, the address of the  
            voter's residence in the state where the voter was last living  
            within the territorial limits of the United States or the  
            District of Columbia, or the address of the voter's parent or  
            legal guardian when the parent or legal guardian was last  
            living within the United States or District of Columbia, the  
            address to which the ballot is to be sent, the voter's  
            political party preference or a statement that the voter  
            declines to disclose a political party preference, and the  
            voter's signature.

          5)Provides that a completed federal postcard application from a  
            military or overseas voter is deemed to be an affidavit of  
            registration, an application for a VBM ballot, and an  
            application for permanent vote by mail status. 

          6)Requires the county elections official to send military and  
            overseas ballots not earlier than 60 days, but not later than  
            45 days, before an election.

          7)Allows a military or overseas voter to use a federal write-in  
            absentee ballot to vote in any election in which the military  
            or overseas voter is qualified to vote. 

          8)Permits a qualified military or overseas voter to register to  
            vote and apply for a VBM ballot by facsimile transmission.   
            Requires an elections official to send a VBM ballot to a  
            military or overseas voter by mail, facsimile, or electronic  
            transmission, as requested by the voter.









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          9)Allows a military or overseas voter who is temporarily living  
            outside of the United States or the District of Columbia, or  
            is called for military service within the United States on or  
            after the final date to make application for a VBM ballot, to  
            return his or her ballot by facsimile transmission.

          10)Permits a qualified military or overseas voter who is unable  
            to appear at his or her polling place because of being  
            recalled to service after the final day for applying for a VBM  
            ballot to appear before the elections official in the county  
            in which the voter is registered to apply for a VBM ballot.

           FISCAL EFFECT : Unknown at this time.

           COMMENTS  : 

          According to the author:

               Californians in our nation's military serve and sacrifice  
               much to ensure that their family, friends, and neighbors  
               maintain the right to free and open elections.  These  
               selfless men and women deserve every benefit and  
               opportunity to ensure that their voices are also heard at  
               the ballot box, making it as convenient as reasonably  
               possible for them to cast their vote.

               The same should be done for the many Californians living  
               abroad, whether they are working for American companies in  
               other countries, serving on religious missions, or  
               performing humanitarian efforts.

               With provisional ballot counting in most California  
               counties already extending well beyond ten days after  
               Election Day, the passage of this bill will require few  
               logistical changes, thus resulting in a very small fiscal  
               impact to counties - one that is dwarfed by the benefit of  
               ensuring that the voices of these patriots and oversees  
               Californians are heard.




          According to the Committee on Elections and Redistricting:

          1)On October 28, 2009, President Obama signed into law the  








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            Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment (MOVE) Act to expand  
            the 1986 Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act  
            (UOCAVA), which was established to protect the rights of  
            service members to vote in federal elections regardless of  
            where they are stationed.  ?

           2)Existing Laws to Facilitate Voting by Overseas and Military  
            Voters  :  The provisions of the MOVE Act have been in effect  
            since the November 2010 election? Exceeding the requirement of  
            the MOVE Act, current law allows a military or overseas voter  
            who is temporarily living outside of the United States or  
            District of Columbia to return his or her ballot by facsimile  
            transmission.

          In addition, the MOVE Act requires states to transmit a  
            requested absentee ballot to overseas voters not later than 45  
            days before an election for federal offices.  Again,  
            California law exceeds this requirement by specifically  
            requiring the county elections official to send all military  
            and overseas ballots with a list of all candidates who have  
            qualified for the ballot beginning on the 60th day before the  
            election, but not later than 45 days before the election,  
            along with a list of all measures on which the voter is  
            qualified to vote.

          ? California law also makes other accommodations to facilitate  
            voting by military voters and other California residents who  
            are outside of the United States.  Specifically, current law  
            provides that an application for a VBM ballot by a military or  
            overseas voter is deemed to be a request for voter  
            registration (if the voter was not already registered to vote)  
            and an application for permanent VBM voter status.  In  
            addition, California makes all overseas voters permanent VBM  
            voters, thereby eliminating the need for overseas military  
            voters and other overseas voters to request a VBM ballot for  
            each election.  Moreover, current law allows a military or  
            overseas voter to use a federal write-in absentee ballot to  
            vote in any election in which the military or overseas voter  
            is qualified to vote. 

           3)Illegible and Missing Postmarks  :  It is not uncommon for a  
            postmark to be smudged or otherwise illegible.  Occasionally,  
            mail does not receive a postmark at all.  Under existing law,  
            this is not a problem for VBM ballots cast in California  
            elections, as all VBM ballots are required to be received by  








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            the close of polls on election day.  Under this bill, however,  
            an illegible or missing postmark could result in a voter's  
            ballot being discarded.  Voters may be given a false sense of  
            security that their ballots will be counted as long as they  
            are mailed by election day, only to have some ballots  
            disqualified due to the lack of a legible postmark.

           4)Delayed Canvass and Potential Amendments  :  Under existing law,  
            by the close of polls on election day, county elections  
            officials have received all the materials necessary to  
            complete the official canvass of ballots.  This bill would  
            require county elections officials to begin the official  
            canvass of ballots before they have received all the ballots  
            that will be included in the final official canvass.  While  
            many smaller counties have no difficulty completing the  
            official canvass of ballots by the 28 day deadline, larger  
            counties frequently take the full amount of time available to  
            certify election results.  Especially since larger counties  
            would likely receive the largest number of ballots after  
            election day, this bill could hinder the ability of a number  
            of counties to certify election results by the 28th day after  
            an election, as required by law.

          Even in elections with relatively low turnout, allowing ballots  
            to arrive up to 10 days after the election and still be  
            counted could create problems for elections officials.  When  
            elections officials finish processing all the ballots in their  
            possession and complete all the other tasks required as part  
            of the official canvass of an election, the election commonly  
            is certified at that point, even though the deadline for  
            certifying an election may be days away.  In the case of  
            special elections held to fill vacancies in the Legislature or  
            Congress, for instance, it is not uncommon for an election to  
            be certified just a few days after the election took place.

          Under the provisions of this bill, however, the elections  
            official would have to wait until at least the 10th day after  
            an election before completing the official canvass and  
            certifying election results.  This could delay the filling of  
            vacancies and, in the case of primary elections, could delay  
            the preparation and printing of ballots for a subsequent  
            general or runoff election.  To the extent that this bill  
            delays the completion of the official canvass at a primary  
            election, this bill could actually make it less likely that an  
            overseas voter will have adequate time to vote and return a  








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            ballot for the general or runoff election, because the delay  
            of finalizing the official canvass while awaiting the  
            potential arrival of overseas ballots could delay the  
            production and mailing of ballots for the general or runoff  
            election.

          Furthermore, the California Association of Clerks and Election  
            Officials, who have taken an "oppose unless amended" position,  
            point out in their letter that data from recent elections  
            shows that the majority of late VBM ballots were received by  
            the first Friday following the election, or within three days  
            following the election day.  Additionally, a recent survey of  
            the county elections officials shows that the majority of VBM  
            ballots from military and overseas voters that arrive late  
            (past 8 p.m. on election day), were received within three days  
            after election day.  In order to prevent against unnecessary  
            delays and due to this most recent data from the county  
            elections officials, the author and the committee may wish to  
            consider amending the bill to require ballots to be received  
            not later than three days after the election in order to be  
            counted, instead of 10 days after the election.  This  
            amendment would ensure that elections officials have all the  
            ballots necessary to complete the official canvass by the end  
            of the week of the election. [Note: The bill was amended in  
            committee to reduce the 10 day post-election period to 3  
            days.]

          To the extent that the bill would facilitate the ability of  
          overseas and military voters to have their voices heard in the  
          democratic process, this bill is aligned with existing policy as  
          expressed by the MOVE Act and California law.  Reducing the  
          post-election period to 3 days would reduce although not  
          eliminate some the concerns stated above by the Elections and  
          Redistricting Committee.  

          The California Association of Clerks and Election Officials took  
          an "oppose unless amended" position at this bill in its previous  
          committee.  One of the amendments proposed in the letter from  
          the Association was to reduce the post-election period to 3  
          days, and this amendment was taken. The Association's letter  
          raises several other concerns. It is not known what the  
          Association's position is currently.

           Related Legislation  :  AB 472 (Patterson) would allow a VBM  
          ballot of a military or overseas voter to be counted if it is  








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          postmarked on or before election day and received by the voter's  
          elections official not later than 10 days after election day. 

          AB 1157 (Jones) would allow a VBM ballot of a member of the  
          Armed Forces of the United States who is an "absent uniformed  
          services voter," as defined by federal law, to be counted if it  
          is postmarked or signed and dated on or before election day and  
          received by the voter's elections official not later than 21  
          days after election day, among other provisions.

          SB 29 (Correa), which is pending in the Senate Appropriations  
          Committee, would allow any VBM ballot to be received by the  
          elections official from whom it was obtained no later than three  
          days after election day if the ballot is postmarked on or before  
          election day, or if the ballot has no postmark or an illegible  
          postmark, the VBM ballot identification envelope is signed and  
          date on or before election day.

           Previous Legislation  :  AB 562 (Fong) of 2012, would have allowed  
          a VBM ballot to be counted if it was postmarked on or before  
          election day or signed and dated on or before election day and  
          received by the elections official no later than three days  
          after the election, among other provisions.  AB 562 failed  
          passage on the Assembly floor. 

          AB 477 (Valadao) of 2011, was substantially similar to this  
          bill.  AB 477 was held on the Senate Appropriations Committee's  
          suspense file. 
           
           SB 348 (Correa) of 2011, would have allowed any VBM ballot to be  
          counted if the ballot envelope was postmarked by election day  
          and received by the elections official no later than six days  
          after election day.  SB 348 (Correa) was held on the Senate  
          Appropriations Committee's suspense file. 

          AB 1805 (Huffman), Chapter 744, Statutes of 2012, established  
          new voting procedures for military and overseas voters, as  
          defined, to comply with UOCAVA and implement the policies of  
          that act and the Uniform Military and Overseas Voters Act  
          adopted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform  
          State Laws.  

           Previous Committee  : Assembly Elections and Redistricting

          Ayes: 7Noes: 0








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           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          AMVETS-Department of California
          Vietnam Veterans of America-California State Council

           Opposition 
           
          California Association of Clerks and Election Officials (Unless  
          Amended)
           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    John Spangler / V. A. / (916) 319-3550