Amended in Assembly April 4, 2013

California Legislature—2013–14 Regular Session

Assembly Bill No. 307

Introduced by Assembly Member Campos

February 12, 2013

An act to amend Sections 136.2 and 166 of the Penal Code, relating to protective orders.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST

AB 307, as amended, Campos. Protective orders.

Existing law authorizes a court with jurisdiction over a criminal matter to issue a protective order upon a good cause belief that harm to, or intimidation or dissuasion of, a victim or witness has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur, including an order protecting victims of violent crime from all contact, or contact with the intent to annoy, harass, threaten, or commit acts of violence, by the defendant. Under existing law, the court is required to consider, at the time of sentencing, issuing a protective order, which may be valid for up to 10 years, in a case in which a criminal defendant has been convicted of a crime of domestic violence. Under existing law, contempt of a court order is a misdemeanor, as specified.

This bill would require the court to also consider issuing a protective order in a case in which the defendant has been convicted of specified sex crimes, including rape, spousal rape, and crimes for which a person is required to register as a sex offender. begin delete By expanding the scope of an existing crime, the bill would impose a state-mandated local program. end delete

Under existing law, a willful and knowing violation of a protective order or stay-away court order issued relating to a victim or witness in a pending criminal proceeding involving domestic violence, issued as a condition of probation after a conviction in a criminal proceeding involving domestic violence or elder or dependent adult abuse, or issued under other specified conditions, constitutes contempt of court, a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, a fine not exceeding $1,000, or by both the imprisonment and the fine, except as specified.

This bill would begin delete revise those provisions to end delete provide that a willful and knowing violation of a protective order or stay-away court order issued relating to a victim or witness in a criminal proceeding, including a proceeding when the conditions of probation are determined, involving domestic violence or elder or dependent adult abuse, begin insert or issued upon the conviction of a defendant for a sexual offense involving a minor, end insert or issued under other specified conditions, constitutes contempt of court, a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, a fine not exceeding $1,000, or by both the imprisonment and the fine, except as specified.

By expanding the scope of an existing crime, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.

The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.

This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.

Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes. State-mandated local program: yes.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1.  

Section 136.2 of the Penal Code is amended to
read:

136.2.  

(a) Except as provided in subdivision (c), upon a good
cause belief that harm to, or intimidation or dissuasion of, a victim
or witness has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur, a court
with jurisdiction over a criminal matter may issue orders begin insert , end insert including,
but not limited to, the following:

(1) An order issued pursuant to Section 6320 of the Family
Code.

(2) An order that a defendant shall not violate any provision of
Section 136.1.

(3) An order that a person before the court other than a
defendant, including, but not limited to, a subpoenaed witness or
other person entering the courtroom of the court, shall not violate
any provisions of Section 136.1.

(4) An order that a person described in this section shall have
no communication whatsoever with a specified witness or a victim,
except through an attorney under reasonable restrictions that the
court may impose.

(5) An order calling for a hearing to determine if an order as
described in paragraphs (1) to (4), inclusive, should be issued.

(6) (A) An order that a particular law enforcement agency
within the jurisdiction of the court provide protection for a victim
or a witness, or both, or for immediate family members of a victim
or a witness who reside in the same household as the victim or
witness or within reasonable proximity of the victim’s or witness’
household, as determined by the court. The order shall not be made
without the consent of the law enforcement agency except for
limited and specified periods of time and upon an express finding
by the court of a clear and present danger of harm to the victim or
witness or immediate family members of the victim or witness.

(B) For purposes of this paragraph, “immediate family
members” include the spouse, children, or parents of the victim
or witness.

(7) (A) An order protecting victims of violent crime from all
contact by the defendant, or contact, with the intent to annoy,
harass, threaten, or commit acts of violence, by the defendant. The
court or its designee shall transmit orders made under this
paragraph to law enforcement personnel within one business day
of the issuance, modification, extension, or termination of the
order, pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 6380 of the Family
Code. It is the responsibility of the court to transmit the
modification, extension, or termination orders made under this
paragraph to the same agency that entered the original protective
order into the Domestic Violence Restraining Order System.

(B) (i) If a court does not issue an order pursuant to
subparagraph (A) in a case in which the defendant is charged with
a crime of domestic violence as defined in Section 13700, the court
on its own motion shall consider issuing a protective order upon
a good cause belief that harm to, or intimidation or dissuasion of,
a victim or witness has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur,
that provides as follows:

(I) The defendant shall not own, possess, purchase, receive, or
attempt to purchase or receive, a firearm while the protective order
is in effect.

(II) The defendant shall relinquish any firearms that he or she
owns or possesses pursuant to Section 527.9 of the Code of Civil
Procedure.

(ii) Every person who owns, possesses, purchases, or receives,
or attempts to purchase or receive, a firearm while this protective
order is in effect is punishable pursuant to Section 29825.

(C) An order issued, modified, extended, or terminated by a
court pursuant to this paragraph shall be issued on forms adopted
by the Judicial Council of California and that have been approved
by the Department of Justice pursuant to subdivision (i) of Section
6380 of the Family Code. However, the fact that an order issued
by a court pursuant to this section was not issued on forms adopted
by the Judicial Council and approved by the Department of Justice
shall not, in and of itself, make the order unenforceable.

(D) A protective order under this paragraph may require the
defendant to be placed on electronic monitoring if the local
government, with the concurrence of the county sheriff or the chief
probation officer with jurisdiction, adopts a policy to authorize
electronic monitoring of defendants and specifies the agency with
jurisdiction for this purpose. If the court determines that the
defendant has the ability to pay for the monitoring program, the
court shall order the defendant to pay for the monitoring. If the
court determines that the defendant does not have the ability to
pay for the electronic monitoring, the court may order electronic
monitoring to be paid for by the local government that adopted
the policy to authorize electronic monitoring. The duration of
electronic monitoring shall not exceed one year from the date the
order is issued. At no time shall the electronic monitoring be in
place if the protective order is not in place.

(b) A person violating an order made pursuant to paragraphs
(1) to (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) may be punished for any
substantive offense described in Section 136.1, or for a contempt
of the court making the order. A finding of contempt shall not be
a bar to prosecution for a violation of Section 136.1. However, a
person so held in contempt shall be entitled to credit for punishment
imposed therein against a sentence imposed upon conviction of
an offense described in Section 136.1. A conviction or acquittal
for a substantive offense under Section 136.1 shall be a bar to a
subsequent punishment for contempt arising out of the same act.

(c) (1) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) and (e), an emergency
protective order issued pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with
Section 6250) of Part 3 of Division 10 of the Family Code or
Section 646.91 of the Penal Code shall have precedence in
enforcement over any other restraining or protective order, provided
the emergency protective order meets all of the following
requirements:

(A) The emergency protective order is issued to protect one or
more individuals who are already protected persons under another
restraining or protective order.

(B) The emergency protective order restrains the individual who
is the restrained person in the other restraining or protective order
specified in subparagraph (A).

(C) The provisions of the emergency protective order are more
restrictive in relation to the restrained person than are the provisions
of the other restraining or protective order specified in
subparagraph (A).

(2) An emergency protective order that meets the requirements
of paragraph (1) shall have precedence in enforcement over the
provisions of any other restraining or protective order only with
respect to those provisions of the emergency protective order that
are more restrictive in relation to the restrained person.

(d) (1) A person subject to a protective order issued under this
section shall not own, possess, purchase, receive, or attempt to
purchase or receive a firearm while the protective order is in effect.

(2) The court shall order a person subject to a protective order
issued under this section to relinquish any firearms he or she owns
or possesses pursuant to Section 527.9 of the Code of Civil
Procedure.

(3) A person who owns, possesses, purchases or receives, or
attempts to purchase or receive a firearm while the protective order
is in effect is punishable pursuant to Section 29825.

(e) (1) In all cases where the defendant is charged with a crime
of domestic violence, as defined in Section 13700, the court shall
consider issuing the above-described orders on its own motion.
All interested parties shall receive a copy of those orders. In order
to facilitate this, the court’s records of all criminal cases involving
domestic violence shall be marked to clearly alert the court to this
issue.

(2) In those cases in which a complaint, information, or
indictment charging a crime of domestic violence, as defined in
Section 13700, has been issued, a restraining order or protective
order against the defendant issued by the criminal court in that
case has precedence in enforcement over a civil court order against
the defendant, unless a court issues an emergency protective order
pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 6250) of Part 3
of Division 10 of the Family Code or Section 646.91 of the Penal
Code, in which case the emergency protective order shall have
precedence in enforcement over any other restraining or protective
order, provided the emergency protective order meets the following
requirements:

(A) The emergency protective order is issued to protect one or
more individuals who are already protected persons under another
restraining or protective order.

(B) The emergency protective order restrains the individual who
is the restrained person in the other restraining or protective order
specified in subparagraph (A).

(C) The provisions of the emergency protective order are more
restrictive in relation to the restrained person than are the provisions
of the other restraining or protective order specified in
subparagraph (A).

(3) Custody and visitation with respect to the defendant and his
or her minor children may be ordered by a family or juvenile court
consistent with the protocol established pursuant to subdivision
(f), but if ordered after a criminal protective order has been issued
pursuant to this section, the custody and visitation order shall make
reference to, and acknowledge the precedence of enforcement of,
an appropriate criminal protective order. On or before July 1, 2006,
the Judicial Council shall modify the criminal and civil court forms
consistent with this subdivision.

(f) On or before January 1, 2003, the Judicial Council shall
promulgate a protocol, for adoption by each local court in
substantially similar terms, to provide for the timely coordination
of all orders against the same defendant and in favor of the same
named victim or victims. The protocol shall include, but shall not
be limited to, mechanisms for assuring appropriate communication
and information sharing between criminal, family, and juvenile
courts concerning orders and cases that involve the same parties,
and shall permit a family or juvenile court order to coexist with a
criminal court protective order subject to the following conditions:

(1) An order that permits contact between the restrained person
and his or her children shall provide for the safe exchange of the
children and shall not contain language either printed or
handwritten that violates a “no contact order” issued by a criminal
court.

(2) Safety of all parties shall be the courts’ paramount concern.
The family or juvenile court shall specify the time, day, place, and
manner of transfer of the child, as provided in Section 3100 of the
Family Code.

(g) On or before January 1, 2003, the Judicial Council shall
modify the criminal and civil court protective order forms
consistent with this section.

(h) In any case in which a complaint, information, or indictment
charging a crime of domestic violence, as defined in Section 13700,
has been filed, the court may consider, in determining whether
good cause exists to issue an order under paragraph (1) of
subdivision (a), the underlying nature of the offense charged, and
the information provided to the court pursuant to Section 273.75.

(i) (1) In all cases in which a criminal defendant has been
convicted of a crime of domestic violence as defined in Section
13700, a violation of Section 261, 261.5, or 262, or any crime that
requires the defendant to register pursuant to subdivision (c) of
Section 290, the court, at the time of sentencing, shall consider
issuing an order restraining the defendant from any contact with
the victim. The order may be valid for up to 10 years, as determined
by the court. This protective order may be issued by the court
regardless of whether the defendant is sentenced to the state prison
or a county jail, or whether imposition of sentence is suspended
and the defendant is placed on probation. It is the intent of the
Legislature in enacting this subdivision that the duration of any
restraining order issued by the court be based upon the seriousness
of the facts before the court, the probability of future violations,
and the safety of the victim and his or her immediate family.

(2) An order under this subdivision may include provisions for
electronic monitoring if the local government, upon receiving the
concurrence of the county sheriff or the chief probation officer
with jurisdiction, adopts a policy authorizing electronic monitoring
of defendants and specifies the agency with jurisdiction for this
purpose. If the court determines that the defendant has the ability
to pay for the monitoring program, the court shall order the
defendant to pay for the monitoring. If the court determines that
the defendant does not have the ability to pay for the electronic
monitoring, the court may order the electronic monitoring to be
paid for by the local government that adopted the policy authorizing
electronic monitoring. The duration of the electronic monitoring
shall not exceed one year from the date the order is issued.

(j) For purposes of this section, “local government” means the
county that has jurisdiction over the protective order.

SEC. 2.  

Section 166 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

166.  

(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b), (c), and (d),
a person guilty of any of the following contempts of court is guilty
of a misdemeanor:

(1) Disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent behavior committed
during the sitting of a court of justice, in the immediate view and
presence of the court, and directly tending to interrupt its
proceedings or to impair the respect due to its authority.

(2) Behavior specified in paragraph (1) that is committed in the
presence of a referee, while actually engaged in a trial or hearing,
pursuant to the order of a court, or in the presence of any jury while
actually sitting for the trial of a cause, or upon an inquest or other
proceeding authorized by law.

(3) A breach of the peace, noise, or other disturbance directly
tending to interrupt the proceedings of the court.

(4) Willful disobedience of the terms as written of any process
or court order or out-of-state court order, lawfully issued by a
court, including orders pending trial.

(5) Resistance willfully offered by any person to the lawful
order or process of a court.

(6) Willful disobedience by a juror of a court admonishment
related to the prohibition on any form of communication or research
about the case, including all forms of electronic or wireless
communication or research.

(7) The contumacious and unlawful refusal of a person to be
sworn as a witness or, when so sworn, the like refusal to answer
a material question.

(8) The publication of a false or grossly inaccurate report of the
proceedings of a court.

(9) Presenting to a court having power to pass sentence upon a
prisoner under conviction, or to a member of the court, an affidavit,
testimony, or representation of any kind, verbal or written, in
aggravation or mitigation of the punishment to be imposed upon
the prisoner, except as provided in this code.

(10) Willful disobedience of the terms of an injunction that
restrains the activities of a criminal street gang or any of its
members, lawfully issued by a court, including an order pending
trial.

(b) (1) A person who is guilty of contempt of court under
paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) by willfully contacting a victim
by telephone or mail, or directly, and who has been previously
convicted of a violation of Section 646.9 shall be punished by
imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, by a fine
of five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and
imprisonment.

(2) For the purposes of sentencing under this subdivision, each
contact shall constitute a separate violation of this subdivision.

(3) The present incarceration of a person who makes contact
with a victim in violation of paragraph (1) is not a defense to a
violation of this subdivision.

(c) (1) Notwithstanding paragraph (4) of subdivision (a), a
willful and knowing violation of a protective order or stay-away
court order begin delete issued pursuant to Section 136.2 or paragraph (2) of
subdivision (a) of Section 1203.097 in a criminal proceeding
involving domestic violence, as defined in Section 13700, or elder
or dependent adult abuse, as defined in Section 368, or an order
described in paragraph (3), end delete begin insert described as follows end insert shall constitute
contempt of court, a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment
in a county jail for not more than one year, by a fine of not more
than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment
and begin delete fine. end delete begin insert fine: end insert

begin insert

(A) An order issued pursuant to Section 136.2.

end insert begin insert

(B) An order issued pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision
(a) of Section 1203.097.

end insert begin insert

(C) An order issued as a condition of probation after a
conviction in a criminal proceeding involving elder or dependent
adult abuse, as defined in Section 368.

end insert begin insert

(D) An order issued pursuant to Section 1201.3.

end insert begin insert

(E) An order described in paragraph (3).

end insert

(2) If a violation of paragraph (1) results in a physical injury,
the person shall be imprisoned in a county jail for at least 48 hours,
whether a fine or imprisonment is imposed, or the sentence is
suspended.

(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) apply to the following court orders:

(A) An order issued pursuant to Section 6320 or 6389 of the
Family Code.

(B) An order excluding one party from the family dwelling or
from the dwelling of the other.

(C) An order enjoining a party from specified behavior that the
court determined was necessary to effectuate the orders described
in paragraph (1).

(4) A second or subsequent conviction for a violation of an order
described in paragraph (1) occurring within seven years of a prior
conviction for a violation of any of those orders and involving an
act of violence or “a credible threat” of violence, as provided in
begin delete subdivisions end delete begin insert subdivision end insert (c) begin delete and (d) end delete of Section 139, is punishable
by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or in the
state prison for 16 months or two or three years.

(5) The prosecuting agency of each county shall have the
primary responsibility for the enforcement of the orders described
in paragraph (1).

(d) (1) A person who owns, possesses, purchases, or receives
a firearm knowing he or she is prohibited from doing so by the
provisions of a protective order as defined in Section 136.2 of this
code, Section 6218 of the Family Code, or Section 527.6 or 527.8
of the Code of Civil Procedure, shall be punished under Section
29825.

(2) A person subject to a protective order described in paragraph
(1) shall not be prosecuted under this section for owning,
possessing, purchasing, or receiving a firearm to the extent that
firearm is granted an exemption pursuant to subdivision (h) of
Section 6389 of the Family Code.

(e) (1) If probation is granted upon conviction of a violation of
subdivision (c), the court shall impose probation consistent with
Section 1203.097.

(2) If probation is granted upon conviction of a violation of
subdivision (c), the conditions of probation may include, in lieu
of a fine, one or both of the following requirements:

(A) That the defendant make payments to a battered women’s
shelter, up to a maximum of one thousand dollars ($1,000).

(B) That the defendant provide restitution to reimburse the
victim for reasonable costs of counseling and other reasonable
expenses that the court finds are the direct result of the defendant’s
offense.

(3) For an order to pay a fine, make payments to a battered
women’s shelter, or pay restitution as a condition of probation
under this subdivision or subdivision (c), the court shall make a
determination of the defendant’s ability to pay. In no event shall
an order to make payments to a battered women’s shelter be made
if it would impair the ability of the defendant to pay direct
restitution to the victim or court-ordered child support.

(4) If the injury to a married person is caused in whole, or in
part, by the criminal acts of his or her spouse in violation of
subdivision (c), the community property shall not be used to
discharge the liability of the offending spouse for restitution to the
injured spouse required by Section 1203.04, as operative on or
before August 2, 1995, or Section 1202.4, or to a shelter for costs
with regard to the injured spouse and dependents required by this
subdivision, until all separate property of the offending spouse is
exhausted.

(5) A person violating an order described in subdivision (c) may
be punished for any substantive offenses described under Section
136.1 or 646.9. A finding of contempt shall not be a bar to
prosecution for a violation of Section 136.1 or 646.9. However, a
person held in contempt for a violation of subdivision (c) shall be
entitled to credit for any punishment imposed as a result of that
violation against any sentence imposed upon conviction of an
offense described in Section 136.1 or 646.9. A conviction or
acquittal for a substantive offense under Section 136.1 or 646.9
shall be a bar to a subsequent punishment for contempt arising out
of the same act.

SEC. 3.  

No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to
Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution because
the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school
district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or
infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty
for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of
the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within
the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California
Constitution.