BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






                             SENATE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH
                          Senator Ed Hernandez, O.D., Chair

          BILL NO:       AB 540
          AUTHOR:        Pan
          AMENDED:       June 18, 2013
          HEARING DATE:  June 26, 2013
          CONSULTANT:    Valderrama

           SUBJECT  :  Reporting and tracking of violent deaths.
           
          SUMMARY :  Permits the Department of Public Health to establish  
          and maintain the California Electronic Violent Death Reporting  
          System and to collect data on violent deaths as reported from  
          data sources, including, but not limited to, death certificates,  
          law enforcement reports, and coroner or medical examiner  
          reports.  

          Existing law:  
          1.Requires the registration of each live birth, fetal death,  
            death, and marriage that occurs in the state.

          2.Requires that deaths be registered with the local registrar of  
            births and deaths in the district in which the death was  
            officially pronounced or the body was found, within eight  
            calendar days after death and prior to any disposition of the  
            human remains.  

          3.Requires Department of Public Health (DPH), on or before  
            January 1, 2005, to implement an Internet-based electronic  
            death registration system for the creation, storage, and  
            transfer of death registration information.

          4.Requires a physician and surgeon, physician assistant, funeral  
            director, or other person to immediately notify the coroner  
            when he or she has knowledge of a death that occurred or has  
            charge of a body in which death occurred under any of the  
            following circumstances: without medical assistance, during  
            the continued absence of the attending physician and surgeon,  
            where the attending physician and surgeon or the physician  
            assistant is unable to state the cause of death; where suicide  
            is suspected; following an injury or an accident; or, under  
            circumstances as to afford a reasonable ground to suspect that  
            the death was caused by the criminal act of another.  
          
          This bill:
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          1.Permits DPH to establish and maintain the California  
            Electronic Violent Death Reporting System (CalEVDRS) and to  
            collect data on violent deaths as reported from data sources,  
            including, but not limited to, death certificates, law  
            enforcement reports, and coroner or medical examiner reports.   
            Permits DPH to contract with county health departments to  
            collect this data.

          2.Permits DPH to apply for grants provided under the National  
            Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) of the federal Centers  
            for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and to accept private  
            or foundation moneys for purposes of implementing this bill.

          3.Prohibits anything in this bill from being construed to limit  
            data sources that DPH can collect, which may include any  
            public agency document that may contain data on violent  
            deaths.

          4.Makes a number of legislative findings and declarations  
            related to violent deaths and the NVDRS.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Assembly Appropriations  
          Committee, if DPH establishes the program, there would be costs  
          of approximately $275,000 for fiscal year (FY) 2013-14 and  
          $469,000 for FY 2014-15.  Costs including necessary staffing,  
          operating expenses, and contracting costs to obtain data.  The  
          contracting costs are estimated at an average of $25 per record,  
          though actual costs may vary depending on whether a record is  
          copied and sent to DPH or is entered by the source. 

           PRIOR VOTES  :  
          Assembly Health:    13- 5
          Assembly Appropriations:12- 0
          Assembly Floor:     53- 23
           
          COMMENTS  :  
           1.Author's statement.  Violence is a significant public health  
            problem in the US.  According to the CDC, each year more than  
            18,000 people are murdered and over 32,000 end their own  
            lives.  Hospital emergency departments treat an average of 55  
            people for injuries every minute, millions of dollars are  
            spent on treatment, and millions more are lost due to lost  
            productivity.  This bill codifies and expands the current  
            CalEVDRS and requires DPH to collect data on violent deaths.   
            Recently, President Obama's Fiscal Year 2014 budget included  
            $20 million for the expansion of CDC's NVDRS, and by requiring  




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            DPH to apply for grants awarded by the NVDRS, it allows  
            California to participate in this system and get data on the  
            magnitude, trends, and characteristics of violent deaths.   
            Data on violent deaths that would be collected by DPH would  
            assist policy makers and communities in determining  
            appropriate prevention and education efforts.
          
          2.Violence.  According to the World Health Organization (WHO),  
            violence takes the lives of more than 1.5 million people  
            annually across the globe: just over 50 percent due to  
            suicide, some 35 percent due to homicide, and just over 12  
            percent as a direct result of war or some other form of  
            conflict. Overall, violence is among the leading causes of  
            death worldwide for people between the ages of 15 and 44  
            years. The CDC indicates that violence accounts for  
            approximately 51,000 deaths annually in the US.  

          A 2009 series of reports collectively entitled Violence  
            Prevention: the evidence, performed by the WHO in conjunction  
            with Liverpool John Moores University, argues that since the  
            1980s, a wide range of public health practitioners,  
            researchers and systems have taken on the task of  
            understanding the roots of violence and preventing its  
            occurrence.  They state that the experience and the scientific  
            studies conducted by these public health researchers clearly  
            demonstrate that violence can be prevented and its impact  
            reduced, in the same way that public health efforts have  
            prevented and reduced pregnancy-related complications,  
            workplace injuries, and infectious disease.            

          3.NVDRS.  According to the CDC, NVDRS is a state-based  
            surveillance system that links data from law enforcement,  
            coroners and medical examiners, vital statistics, and crime  
            laboratories to assist each participating state in designing  
            and implementing tailored prevention and intervention efforts.  
            NVDRS defines a death due to violence as "a death resulting  
            from the intentional use of physical force or power against  
            oneself, another person, or against a group or community."  
            NVDRS collects information about homicides, suicides, deaths  
            by legal intervention-excluding executions-and deaths of  
            undetermined intent. 

          NVDRS is incident-based and includes information about victims,  
            suspects, the relationship between the victim and the suspect,  
            circumstances surrounding the death, and the method of injury.  




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            The ultimate goal of NVDRS is to provide communities with a  
            clearer understanding of violent deaths so they can be  
            prevented. NVDRS accomplishes this goal by informing decision  
            makers and program planners about the magnitude, trends, and  
            characteristics of violent deaths so appropriate prevention  
            efforts can be put into place and providing data to help  
            monitor and evaluate state-based prevention programs and  
            strategies. 
          
          4.Violent death reporting in California.  From 2005 through  
            2008, California was one of 17 states participating in the  
            NVDRS, funded by the CDC. Under NVDRS, DPH contracted with  
            county health departments to collect data on violent deaths  
            from four data sources: death certificates, coroner/medical  
            examiner records, police reports, and crime laboratory  
            records.  According to DPH, due to its size, privacy concerns  
            and lack of resources among law enforcement agencies,  
            California was unable to obtain the law enforcement records  
            required by NVDRS and therefore did not reapply for funding.  
            DPH maintains that they realized this incompatibility early on  
            in the NVDRS grant and secured separate funding to develop  
            CalEVDRS in order to continue California's violent death  
            reporting. 

          CalEVDRS uses California's Electronic Death Registration System  
            (CA-EDRS), created in 2005 to allow counties to file death  
            certificates online instead of mailing paper forms.  Using  
            funds from The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, DPH  
            created a violent death supplement to death certificates in  
            CA-EDRS, which captures information from coroners on violent  
            death.  CalEVDRS data elements were created according to NVDRS  
            specifications and can be transmitted to NVDRS if CDC desires  
            them.  Law enforcement data for homicides are linked using  
            Supplementary Homicide Reports from the California Department  
            of Justice.
          
          5.Sharing data.  According to DPH, counties can share their data  
            but they are not obligated to. Most coroner offices  
            voluntarily have agreed to share their coroner data and some  
            sheriff offices and police departments have also agreed to  
            share their investigative and toxicology reports; however DPH  
            has received letters from some sheriff offices and police  
            departments declining to participate in the program. While  
            this bill does not require these agencies to share data, DPH  
            argues it would provide counties with more justification as to  
            why they should voluntarily agree to share data. 




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          6.Future NVDRS funding.  DPH is not certain what the eligibility  
            requirements for the next round of NVDRS grant funding will be  
            but they do intend to apply.  DPH believes they will be  
            eligible and will be able to get enough county law enforcement  
            agencies to cooperate to make the program a success. If this  
            bill were to become law, DPH indicates they would likely cite  
            the law as part of their application.     
          
          7.Support.  According to the American Federation of State,  
            County and Municipal Employees and the Union of American  
            Physicians and Dentists, this bill will better help  
            policymakers understand the circumstances and risk factors  
            that lead to violent deaths in California through the use of  
            innovative, efficient data collection from the richest data on  
            violent deaths.  The sponsors both state that it is important  
            to recognize that gun violence is a public health concern and  
            we should track information and data regarding violent death  
            in order to better prevent them.  

           SUPPORT AND OPPOSITION  :
          
          Support:  American Federation of State, County and Municipal  
                    Employees, AFL-CIO (co-sponsor)
                    Union of American Physicians and Dentists (co-sponsor)
                    American Foundation for Suicide Prevention
                    California Medical Association
                    The Child Abuse Prevention Center
          
          Oppose:   None received.



















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