BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó







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        |Hearing Date:July 1, 2013          |Bill No:AB                         |
        |                                   |834                                |
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                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS, PROFESSIONS 
                               AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
                              Senator Ted W. Lieu, Chair
                                           

                         Bill No:        AB 834Author:Williams
                         As Amended:June 25, 2013 Fiscal: Yes

        
        SUBJECT:  Private postsecondary education: School Performance Fact  
        Sheets. 
        
        SUMMARY:  Authorizes a law school accredited by the American Bar  
        Association, and owned by an institution operating under the Bureau of  
        Private Postsecondary Education within the Department of Consumer  
        Affairs, to satisfy the current disclosure requirements of the School  
        Performance Fact Sheet by instead doing the following:  complying with  
        ABA disclosure requirements; reporting to the National Association for  
        Law Placement; and making completion, Bar passage, placement, and  
        salary and wage data available to prospective students prior to  
        enrollment through the application process administered by the Law  
        School Admission Council.

        Existing law:
        
        1) Until January 1, 2016, establishes the California Private  
           Postsecondary Education Act (Act) of 2009, which provides for the  
           approval, regulation, and enforcement of private postsecondary  
           educational institutions by the Bureau for Private Postsecondary  
           Education (Bureau) within the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA).  
            (Education Code (EC) § 94800-94950)

        2) States Legislative intent that enacting the Act is designed to  
           ensure:  (EC § 94801)

           a)   Minimum educational quality standards and opportunities for  
             success for California students attending private postsecondary  
             schools in California.






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           b)   Meaningful student protections through essential avenues of  
             recourse for students.

           c)   A regulatory structure that provides for an appropriate level  
             of oversight.

           d)   A regulatory governance structure that ensures that all  
             stakeholders have a voice and are heard in policymaking by the  
             Bureau.

           e)   A regulatory governance structure that provides for  
             accountability and oversight by the Legislature through program  
             monitoring and periodic reports.

           f)   Prevention of the deception of the public that results from  
             conferring, and use of, fraudulent or substandard degrees.


        1) Exempts the following from the Act:  (EC § 94871)

           a)   An institution that offers solely avocational or recreational  
             educational programs.

           b)   An institution offering educational programs sponsored by a  
             bona fide trade, business, professional, or fraternal  
             organization, solely for that organization's membership.

           c)   A postsecondary educational institution established, operated,  
             and governed by the federal government or by this state or its  
             political subdivisions.

           d)   An institution offering either test preparation for  
             examinations required for admission to a postsecondary  
             educational institution or continuing education or license  
             examination preparation, if the institution or the program is  
             approved, certified, or sponsored by a government agency, other  
             than the Bureau, that licenses persons in a particular  
             profession, occupation, trade, or career field, a  
             state-recognized professional licensing body, such as the State  
             Bar of California, that licenses persons in a particular  
             profession, occupation, trade, or career field or a bona fide  
             trade, business, or professional organization.

           e)   An institution owned, controlled, and operated and maintained  
             by a religious organization lawfully operating as a nonprofit  
             religious corporation whose instruction is limited to the  





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             principles of that religious organization and the diploma or  
             degree granted is limited to evidence of completion of that  
             education.  Provides that an institution described above shall  
             offer degrees and diplomas only in the beliefs and practices of  
             the church, religious denomination, or religious organization and  
             shall not award degrees in any area of physical science.   
             Provides that any degree or diploma granted by an institution  
             owned, controlled, and operated and maintained by a religious  
             organization lawfully operating as a nonprofit religious  
             corporation shall contain on its face, in the written description  
             of the title of the degree being conferred, a reference to the  
             theological or religious aspect of the degree's subject area.   
             Provides that a degree shall reflect the nature of the degree  
             title, such as "associate of religious studies," "bachelor of  
             religious studies," "master of divinity," or "doctor of  
             divinity."

           f)   An institution that does not award degrees and that solely  
             provides educational programs for total charges of two thousand  
             five hundred dollars ($2,500) or less when no part of the total  
             charges is paid from state or federal student financial aid  
             programs. 

           g)   A law school that is accredited by the Council of the Section  
             of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar of the American Bar  
             Association or a law school or law study program that is subject  
             to the approval, regulation, and oversight of the Committee of  
             Bar Examiners.

           h)   A nonprofit public benefit corporation that is qualified under  
             Section 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code, is  
             organized specifically to provide workforce development or  
             rehabilitation services and is accredited by an accrediting  
             organization for workforce development or rehabilitation services  
             recognized by the Department of Rehabilitation.

           i)   An institution that is accredited by the Accrediting  
             Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities, Western  
             Association of Schools and Colleges, or the Accrediting  
             Commission for Community and Junior Colleges, Western Association  
             of Schools and Colleges.

           j)   An institution that has been accredited, for at least 10  
             years, by an accrediting agency that is: recognized by the United  
             States Department of Education (DOE); has operated continuously  
             in this state for at least 25 years has not filed for bankruptcy  





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             protection pursuant to Title 11 of the United States Code during  
             its existence; has a cohort default rate on guaranteed student  
             loans does not exceed 10 percent for the most recent three years,  
             as published by the DOE; maintains a composite score of 1.5 or  
             greater on its equity, primary reserve, and net income ratios, as  
             provided under Section 668.172 of Title 34 of the Code of Federal  
             Regulations; provides a pro rata refund of unearned institutional  
             charges to students who complete 75 percent or less of the period  
             of attendance; provides to all students the right to cancel the  
             enrollment agreement and obtain a refund of charges paid through  
             attendance at the second class session, or the 14th day after  
             enrollment, whichever is later; submits to the Bureau copies of  
             its most recent IRS Form 990, the institution's Integrated  
             Postsecondary Education Data System Report of the United States  
             Department of Education, and its accumulated default rate; and is  
             incorporated and lawfully operates as a nonprofit public benefit  
             corporation and is not managed or administered by an entity for  
             profit.

           aa)  Flight instruction providers or programs that provide flight  
             instruction pursuant to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)  
             regulations and does not require students to enter into written  
             or oral contracts of indebtedness and does not require prepayment  
             of instruction-related costs in excess of $2,500.

           bb)  An institution that is accredited by a regional accrediting  
             agency recognized by DOE so long as the institution complies with  
             requirements related to student tuition recovery.

        1) Requires that the Bureau establishes a process whereby an  
           institution that is exempt from the Act and Bureau regulation  
           verification that the institution is exempt.  (EC § 94874.7)  

        2) Establishes under the Act fair business practices which prohibit a  
           private postsecondary educational institution subject to the Act  
           from, among other things, offering an unaccredited doctoral degree  
           program without disclosing to prospective students, prior to their  
           enrollment, that the degree program is unaccredited and whether the  
           degree is issued in a field that requires licensure in California,  
           and any known limitations of the degree, including whether or not  
           it is recognized for licensure or certification in California and  
           other states.  (EC § 94897)

        3) Specifies requirements regarding enrollment agreements and  
           disclosures including that a student enroll solely by executing an  
           enrollment agreement and that prospective students be provided with  





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           a school catalog and a School Performance Fact Sheet (Fact Sheet).   
           The Act establishes minimum requirements and disclosures to be made  
           in these documents.  
        (EC §§ 94902-94912)

        4) Requires a Fact Sheet to contain, at a minimum, the following:  (EC  
           § 94910)

           a)   Completion rates.

           b)   Placement rates if the educational program is designed to lead  
             to, or the institution makes any express or implied claim related  
             to preparing students for, a recognized career, occupation,  
             vocation, job, or job title.

           c)   License examination passage rates for programs leading to  
             employment for which passage of a state licensing examination is  
             required.

           d)   Salary or wage information.

           e)   Provides that if a program is too new to provide data for any  
             of the categories listed the institution shall state on its Fact  
             Sheet:  "This program is new.  Therefore, the number of students  
             who graduate, the number of students who are placed, or the  
             starting salary you can earn after finishing the educational  
             program are unknown at this time.  Information regarding general  
             salary and placement statistics may be available from government  
             sources or from the institution, but is not equivalent to actual  
             performance data."

           f)   A description of the manner in which the figures above are  
             calculated or a statement informing the reader of where he or she  
             may obtain a description of the manner in which the figures are  
             calculated.

           g)   A statement informing the reader of where he or she may obtain  
             from the institution a list of the employment positions  
             determined to be within the field for which a student received  
             education and training for the calculation of job placement  
             rates.

           h)   A statement informing the reader of where he or she may obtain  
             from the institution a list of the objective sources of  
             information used to substantiate the salary disclosure.   






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           i)   The following statements:

             i)     "This fact sheet is filed with the Bureau for Private  
               Postsecondary Education. Regardless of any information you may  
               have relating to completion rates, placement rates, starting  
               salaries, or license exam passage rates, this fact sheet  
               contains the information as calculated pursuant to state law."

             ii)    "Any questions a student may have regarding this fact  
               sheet that have not been satisfactorily answered by the  
               institution may be directed to the Bureau for Private  
               Postsecondary Education at (address), Sacramento, CA (ZIP  
               Code), (Internet Web site address), (telephone and fax  
               numbers)."

           j)   If the institution participates in federal financial aid  
             programs, the most recent three-year cohort default rate reported  
             by the DOE for the institution and the percentage of enrolled  
             students receiving federal student loans.

        1) Specifies various disclosure and reporting requirements around  
           completion, placement, licensure and salary of students/graduates  
           and establishes various definitions for this purpose.  Requires  
           institutions to submit an annual report to the Bureau that includes  
           specified information also included in the Fact Sheet.  (EC §§  
           94928-94929.8)

        2) Requires the Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO), by October 1,  
           2013, to report to the Legislature and the Governor on the  
           appropriateness of the exemptions provided in the Act.  Requires  
           the Bureau of State Audits (BSA) to conduct a performance audit to  
           evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the Bureau's  
           operations and report the results of that audit to the Legislature  
           and the Governor.  (EC § 94949) 

        This bill:

        1) Exempts law schools from having to comply with the requirements of  
           the Fact Sheet, if the school is accredited by the Council of the  
           Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar of the  
           American Bar Association (ABA), is owned by an institution  
           authorized to operate by the Bureau, and reports graduate salary  
           information and other information to the National Association for  
           Law Placement (NALP).

        2) Provides that notwithstanding any other law, a law school that  





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           meets the criteria above shall be deemed to satisfy the Fact Sheet  
           requirements by doing both of the following:

           a)   Complying with Standard 509 of the 2012-13 American Bar  
             Association's Standards and Rules of Procedure for Approval of  
             Law Schools.

           b)   Providing completion, placement, bar passage, and salary and  
             wage information of graduates to prospective students prior to  
             enrollment through the law school application process  
             administered by the Law School Admission Council (LSAC).

        FISCAL EFFECT:  Unknown.  This bill is keyed fiscal by Legislative  
        Counsel.  

        COMMENTS:
        
        1. Purpose.  This bill is sponsored by  Education Management  
           Corporation  (EDMC).  According to the Author, the U.S. DOE  
           requirement that an institution have "state authorization" in order  
           to be eligible for Title IV federal student financial aid is  
           prompting at least one law school in California, exempt from Bureau  
           approval, to seek Bureau approval to maintain Title IV eligibility.  
            As a result, that school will be subject to the Bureau's Student  
           Performance Fact Sheet (Fact Sheet) requirements.   
           
           According to information provided by the Author and the Sponsor,  
           the Fact Sheet was designed to ensure that prospective students  
           would receive graduate outcome information prior to enrolling in an  
           institution.  The theory behind the Fact Sheet was that, because  
           every Bureau-approved institution would be required to provide  
           similarly calculated data in an established format, students would  
           be able to make comparative analysis and, ultimately, informed  
           educational choices.  While many Bureau-regulated institutions are  
           already required by their accreditor to report student outcome  
           data, there is currently no consistent format (across accrediting  
           agency and educational program) for reporting this data to  
           students.  The Author adds that in the absence of the Fact Sheet,  
           students would not be able to make apples-to-apples comparisons of  
           educational program outcomes, particularly for institutions and  
           programs accredited by different accrediting agencies. 

           This bill is designed to address an unanticipated problem for  
           Western State College of Law at Argosy University, owned by EDMC,  
           and ensure that students attending this institution do not receive  
           duplicative and potentially conflicting data regarding enrollment  





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           and outcomes, simply because the institution is no longer exempt  
           like all other law schools.  According to the Author, the Fact  
           Sheet requirements would require different calculations than those  
           established by the American Bar Association (ABA) and National  
           Association for Law Placement (NALP) and would ultimately provide  
           less data to students than they are already provided through the  
           Law School Admission Council (LSAC) application process.

           Under ABA Standard 509, ABA accredited law schools are required to  
           provide detailed student enrollment and graduate outcome  
           information to prospective students and to the general public.  Law  
           schools also report employment and salary outcomes for graduates to  
           NALP.  Prospective students access this data through the law school  
           application process administered by the LSAC.  Through the LSAC  
           website, students are provided a single point of entry to access  
           this data in order to make comparative analysis of the law schools  
           to which they are considering applying.  According to the Author,  
           if Western State College of Law becomes the only law school to seek  
           Bureau approval, the school would be the only law school providing  
           students with a Fact Sheet, potentially undermining a primary  
           purpose of the Fact Sheet which is to allow students to make  
           apples-to-apples comparisons of institutional outcomes prior to  
           enrollment. 

        2. Background. 
        
           a)   The California Private Postsecondary Education Act of 2009  
             (Act).  After numerous legislative attempts to remedy the laws  
             and structure governing regulation of private postsecondary  
             institutions, AB 48 (Portantino, Chapter 310, Statutes of 2009),  
             established the Act and created the Bureau within DCA for the  
             purpose of regulating private postsecondary educational  
             institutions that provide educational services in California.   
             The Act made many substantive changes that both created a new,  
             solid foundation for oversight and responded to the major  
             problems with the Former Act.  The Act, as created by AB 48,  
             required all unaccredited colleges in California to be approved  
             by the new Bureau, and all nationally accredited colleges to  
             comply with numerous student protections.  Not all private  
             institutions were and are covered by the provisions of the Act;  
             full and partial exemptions are provided for low-cost programs,  
             recreational schools, schools accredited by regional accrediting  
             agencies, among other types of institutions.  
             
             For those institutions that are covered by the Act, they are  
             required to follow a Bureau evaluation and approval process,  





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             required to abide by numerous "fair business practices" aimed at  
             protecting students, required to disclose information to students  
             in enrollment agreements and catalogs, required to participate in  
             a Student Tuition Recovery Fund (STRF), and required to pay  
             application and annual fees to the Bureau to support the  
             oversight structure.  The Act also establishes processes for  
             penalties for non-compliance, providing the Bureau authority to  
             perform site visits and investigations, order fines and student  
             tuition refunds, and ultimately suspend or revoke an  
             institution's approval to operate.  Finally, the Act requires  
             evaluation and reporting from the LAO and the BSA.

           b)   Concerns Regarding Private Postsecondary Institutions.  Media  
             outlets, efforts at the Federal level and increased scrutiny by  
             state legislatures have recently highlighted unease about the  
             operations and functions of private postsecondary schools.  While  
             the sector serves upwards of ten percent of postsecondary  
             students and provides a path to higher education that may not  
             always be available for all students, there are increased  
             questions about these institutions and their accurate  
             representation of what they are able to offer students.  There  
             are also concerns that schools provide training at a steep cost  
             that does not balance the earnable income an individual may be  
             eligible for based on that training or upon completion of a  
             program. 

             In 2010, DOE adopted new rules to rein in the recruiting  
             practices of for-profit colleges by changing standards for  
             students to use federal Title IV money at these institutions (the  
             DOE Program Integrity regulations, 34 C.F.R. Parts 600, et seq.).  
              The effort gained momentum following a report by the U.S.  
             Government Accountability Office (GAO) that found potential  
             deception by schools to students about graduation and job  
             placement rates in the process of getting them to enroll and sign  
             up for state and federal loans.  Using undercover testing, GAO  
             found some schools encouraging students to falsify their  
             financial aid applications in order to qualify for federal  
             grants.  Other schools misrepresented their programs' graduation  
             rates, job-placement rates and costs while recruiting students.

             According to the National Conference of State Legislatures  
             (NCSL), close to 20 states are considering legislation to further  
             regulate these institutions.  In California, for-profit schools  
             now face restriction on the ability to receive state monies in  
             the form of Cal Grants, which provide over $20 million more  
             annually to the schools than to community colleges.  In the past  





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             few years, Maryland's House and Senate enacted measures that  
             would eliminate  all  state aid to for-profit schools, ban  
             commissions or bonuses for student recruiting, and make all  
             for-profit schools in the state contribute to a fund to protect  
             students if any college in their group breaches a contract. 

             Recent budgetary and capacity issues in California's public  
                                                               postsecondary schools, coupled with the recent economic downturn,  
             have led to growth in enrollment at private postsecondary  
             schools, as employees are increasingly out of work and more  
             inclined to enter training programs in the hopes of obtaining  
             gainful employment at a cost they may not be able to make up once  
             they are employed.  This Committee, at its March 2009 hearing  
             entitled "The Role of Private Education Institutions in Preparing  
             California's Diverse Workforce:  Meeting the Challenges of our  
             Workforce and Job Training Needs" examined the ability of private  
             postsecondary institutions to fill the career preparation needs  
             of California's workforce and evaluated policy options that allow  
             them to expand their workforce development programs with the  
             requisite amount of oversight required to protect students.  

             The private postsecondary school sector has responded to  
             additional regulation and oversight proposals by noting that  
             career colleges are an essential part of the solution for  
             restoring this country's global, educational, and economic  
             standing, citing the role these schools play in helping to lower  
             unemployment, boost global competitiveness, fill jobs in key  
             industries, and increase the number of college graduates by 2020.  
              According to federal data, more than 2.2 million students  
             enrolled in a private for-profit institution in the fall of 2009,  
             almost 25 percent more than the previous year. 
        
           a)   "State Authorization" and the California Response.  Complying  
             with all of the new federal Title IV regulations that took effect  
             in 2010 has proven challenging to schools and states alike.   
             Specifically, 34. C.F.R. § 600.9 requires, among other things,  
             that a school be legally authorized by a state to operate  
             educational programs beyond secondary education and have a  
             process to review and act appropriately on complaints concerning  
             postsecondary institutions.  The impact in California has been a  
             years-long struggle for clarity from DOE by all higher education  
             institutions potentially facing the loss of their eligibility for  
             student assistance under Title IV, including for-profit  
             institutions operating under larger corporate umbrellas, as well  
             as non-profit educational institutions.  Schools were initially  
             required to be in compliance with the "state authorization" rule  





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             by July 1, 2011, however DOE granted extensions for compliance if  
             an institution was able to demonstrate that it was making  
             progress toward obtaining the necessary state authorization.  In  
             the federal register, press releases and through a "Dear  
             Colleague" letter, DOE indicated that:
                  
                  "While the Secretary has designated amended § 600.9(a) and  
                  (b) as being effective July 1, 2011, we recognize that a  
                  State may be unable to provide appropriate State  
                  authorizations to its institutions by that date.  We are  
                  providing that the institutions unable to obtain State  
                  authorization in that State may request a one-year extension  
                  of the effective date of these final regulations to July 1,  
                  2012, and if necessary, an additional one-year extension of  
                  the effective date to July 1, 2013.  To receive an extension  
                  of the effective date of amended § 600.9(a) and (b) for  
                  institutions in a State, an institution must obtain from the  
                  State an explanation of how a one-year extension will permit  
                  the State to modify its procedures to comply with amended §  
                  600.9." 

             In the case of California, institutions submitted a letter from  
             the Administration supporting the institution's request for an  
             extension from having to comply with the new rules.  Subsequent  
             extensions were granted, however indications from DOE are that no  
             further extensions will be granted and institutions must meet the  
             requirements by July 1, 2014. 

             The 2013-14 Budget (SB 71 and AB 76) included statutory  
             clarification that a previously exempt accredited institution now  
             has the authority to apply to the Bureau for approval and be  
             regulated by the Bureau.  Specifically, the language in the  
             Budget Trailer Bills provides that an institution exempt from all  
             or part of the Act may apply to the Bureau for an approval to  
             operate, but only subject to all of the following:

                     Upon issuing an approval to operate to an institution,  
                the Bureau is authorized to regulate that institution through  
                the full set of powers granted, and duties imposed, by the Act  
                in the same manner as those powers and duties would apply to  
                an institution that is not exempt from this chapter.

                     Notwithstanding any other law, upon issuance of an  
                approval to operate, the institution is no longer eligible for  
                exemption unless authorized by subsequent legislation.






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                     Upon issuance of an approval to operate, an institution  
                is subject to all provisions of the Act, and any regulations  
                except that with respect to the placement and salary or wage  
                data required to be collected, calculated, and reported under  
                the Act, an institution is not required to report on its  first   
                Fact Sheet any data from the period prior to the date of the  
                issuance of the approval to operate, since the institution was  
                not required to collect and likely does not have the required  
                data available.  An institution is still, though, required to  
                report available data collected and calculated in accordance  
                with the Act, regardless of the purpose for which the data was  
                collected.  If the required data is unavailable, the  
                institution shall also disclose that it is not available on  
                all documents required by the Act and regulations.  However,  
                upon receiving an approval to operate, an institution has to  
                begin to collect and calculate all information required by the  
                Act.

                     An institution receiving an approval to operate must  
                provide the Fact Sheet to prospective students, file that fact  
                sheet with the Bureau, and post it on the institution's Web  
                site no later than the first August 1 after the institution is  
                approved to operate and no later than August 1 of each year  
                thereafter. 

             It is anticipated that a number of previously exempt  
             institutions, including for-profit entities like the University  
             of Phoenix and Argosy University under EDMC, which were exempt  
             based on accreditation, will apply to the Bureau.  

        1. Oversight of the Private Postsecondary Education Sector.  This  
           Committee has been extensively involved with policy issues and  
           legislation surrounding regulation of the private higher education  
           sector.  This Committee has worked to assure oversight and support  
           of high-quality programs and institutions, to ensure fair business  
           practices and to protect students from fraud and abuse within the  
           sector.  This Committee is also responsible for protecting  
           California consumers from unethical and harmful professional and  
           business practices and has played a lead role in developing and  
           defining standards for the relationship between private  
           postsecondary education and training programs and the students  
           these institutions serve.  The private sector provides education  
           and training to numerous students, many seeking to become employed  
           as licensed professionals under the various DCA licensing boards  
           and bureaus.  As such, the Committee is focused on ensuring that  
           the state's workforce development needs are met through the timely  





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           approval of quality programs and that students in these programs  
           have all of the tools and resources necessary to maintain awareness  
           about their rights and protections, while also receiving valid and  
           realistic information about programs before entering into contracts  
           with the schools.

        More recently, on February 14, 2012, this Committee held a Joint  
           Hearing with the Assembly Committee on Higher Education to evaluate  
           and review the work of the Bureau in regulating private  
           postsecondary schools and programs and receive information from  
           those California entities that are involved with the private  
           postsecondary education sector and, through the information  
           provided by regulators, students, institutions and national policy  
           experts, identify areas for improving inter-agency coordination,  
           reducing regulatory duplication, and increasing oversight where it  
           may be lacking.

        From comments and information received at this hearing it is evident  
           that California's public institutions have reduced enrollments due  
           to major budget cuts, and that for-profit higher education  
           institutions continue to be in a position to play a role in  
           providing access and education for otherwise underserved students.   
           The challenge for the Legislature is to establish an oversight  
           structure like the Bureau that supports innovative programs but  
           prevents predatory practices.  

        It was indicated that as the number of students served by private  
           postsecondary institutions has increased, so has the focus on  
           fraudulent practices and low academic standards.  There have been  
           numerous high-profile federal investigations into the practices of  
           for-profit institutions in recent years.  Among the most notable  
           were the GAO series of investigations raising concerns regarding  
           the amount of federal student aid dollars directed to for-profit  
           institutions, the misleading and deceptive recruitment practices at  
           certain institutions, and substandard academic performance  
           expectations in some for-profit programs. 

        Federal data was also provided at the hearing and raised important  
           questions about program cost and student outcomes within the  
           sector.  Students from for-profit institutions have higher default  
           rates on federal student loans than in other sectors, accounting  
           for nearly half of all defaults.  According to data from the  
           National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), for-profit student  
           defaults are 8.7% higher than four-year publics and non-profits and  
           5.7% higher than for community colleges.  Student satisfaction  
           information showed for-profit students are less likely to believe  





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           their education was worth the price paid.  While NEBR data, which  
           attempted to adjust for student population differences, indicated  
           for-profit students have higher probability of staying with a  
           program through the first year and are somewhat more likely than  
           community college students to obtain an AA degree, they are less  
           likely to continue to higher-level college courses and to gain a BA  
           degree.  Further NEBR indicated that for-profit students are more  
           likely to be idle (not working and no longer enrolled in school)  
           six years after starting college, and are more likely to have  
           experienced substantial unemployment since leaving school.

        While evidence of dishonesty in marketing, high student debt, low  
           completion rates, and general questions surrounding quality have  
           focused the vast majority of state and federal conversations  
           regarding the sector on regulatory oversight, the industry argued  
           against painting all schools with the same brush and that there are  
           high-quality programs offered at many for-profit institutions.
        
        2. Related Legislation This Session.  AB 330 (Chau) would require  
           postsecondary educational institutions to provide their net price  
           calculators and average student debt per graduate to the California  
           Student Aid Commission (CSAC) as a condition of eligibility for the  
           Cal Grant Program, requires CSAC to provide this information on its  
           website in a searchable database, and requires a for-profit  
           institution to include this information in its School Performance  
           Fact Sheet.  (  Status:   This bill is pending in the Assembly  
           Committee on Higher Education.) 

            AB 534  (Wieckowski) would require public and private postsecondary  
           educational institutions to provide entrance and exit counseling,  
           as specified, for students enrolled at their institutions regarding  
           student loans offered by the institution or a private lender, and  
           prohibits a lender from accepting an application for a private  
           student loan without first receiving certification that the  
           counseling was conducted by the appropriate postsecondary  
           institution, which may charge a fee to the lender for this service.  
            (  Status:   This bill was held in the Assembly Committee on  
           Appropriations.)
        
        3. Prior Related Legislation.   AB 2296  (Block, Chapter 585, Statutes  
           of 2012) expanded the disclosure requirements for institutions  
           under the Bureau related to unaccredited programs; expanded  
           disclosure requirements for all regulated institutions, established  
           more stringent criteria for determining gainful employment and  
           calculating job placement rates and increased institutional  
           documentation and reporting requirements around completion rates,  





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           job placement/license exam passage rates, and salary/wage  
           information for graduates.

            SB 498  (Liu, 2011) would have abolished the Bureau and transferred  
           the Bureau's powers and duties under the Act to the California  
           Postsecondary Education Commission.  (  Status:   The bill was held by  
           the Senate Committee on Business, Professions and Economic  
           Development.)

            SB 619  (Fuller, Chapter 309, Statutes of 2011) exempted flight  
           instructors or flight schools that do not require the upfront  
           payment of tuition or fees, and that do not require students to  
           enter into a contract of indebtedness in order to receive training,  
           from Bureau regulation.

            SB 675  (Wright, 2011) would have required that private  
           postsecondary institutions subject to the Act administer a test of  
           English language proficiency to a nonnative speaker of English, as  
           defined, prior to enrolling the student.  (  Status:   The bill failed  
           passage in the Senate Committee on Business, Professions and  
           Economic Development.) 

            AB 611  (Gordon, Chapter 103, Statutes of 2011) set forth certain  
           disclosure requirements pertaining to accreditation status,  
           licensure, and related limitations for unaccredited doctoral  
           programs.

            AB 773  (Block, 2011) would have allowed the Bureau to revoke an  
           exemption of an institution which was exempt based on accreditation  
           but still required to comply with the Student Tuition Recovery Fund  
           requirements, if it determined that the institution had not in fact  
           complied with those requirements.  (  Status:   The bill was never  
           heard in a policy committee.) 

            AB 797  (Conway, 2011) would have exempted schools of cosmetology,  
           as defined, from the Act.  (  Status:   The bill was held in Assembly  
           Committee on Higher Education.)  

           AB 1013  (Assembly Committee on Higher Education, Chapter 167,  
           Statutes of 2011) made clarifying changes to the Act and related  
           Bureau oversight.  

           AB 1889  (Portantino, 2010) contained provisions regarding doctoral  
           degrees offered by unaccredited institutions, the calculation of  
           placement rates, and Bureau employment requirements.  (  Status:   The  
           bill was vetoed by the Governor due to concerns over Bureau  





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           employment requirements.)  

           AB 2393  (Ammiano, 2010) altered the definition of "graduates  
           employed in the field" for apprenticeship and nursing programs.   
           (  Status:   The bill was vetoed by the Governor, who indicated that  
           it put the state on the same path to overly confusing statutes and  
           guidelines that existed prior to the new Act.)
        
        4. Arguments in Support.   EDMC  , the Sponsor of this bill, writes in  
           support, noting that Western State College of Law has one of the  
           highest Bar passage rates in the state, most recently with almost  
           90 percent passage for first time test takers, as well as a large  
           base of over 11,000 alumni.  EDMC states that in reviewing the  
           Bureau's requirements, the law school noted that the Fact Sheet  
           requirements would result in prospective students receiving  
           duplicative and potentially conflicting data regarding enrollment  
           and outcomes.  Western State College of Law is the only  
           ABA-accredited for profit law school in the state and ABA  
           disclosures remain the most relevant method for assessing and  
           comparing ABA-accredited law schools.    

        5. Staff Comments.  This bill has not been heard by a previous policy  
           committee and the current language dealing with law schools and  
           Fact Sheets contained in the bill was only recently added.  
           
           This Committee is about to undertake a comprehensive review of the  
           Act and the Bureau during the Sunset Review Process, beginning with  
           the Bureau's submission of a Sunset Report to the Committee this  
           November, and including the preparation of a substantive Background  
           Paper by Committee staff, hearings, and sunset legislation during  
           2014.  Simultaneously, the current exemptions provided under the  
           Act are the subject of a study being prepared by the LAO and due to  
           the Legislature on or before October 1 and for the most part, the  
           Legislature has refrained from approving additional exemptions  
           before considering the LAO's recommendations.  The only recent  
           exemption from the Act was granted for flight schools that are  
           approved by the FAA and meet certain conditions.
           
           The Sponsors indicate that EDMC is seeking to move forward on this  
           proposal in the current year because it is planning to apply to the  
           Bureau for approval to operate in the near future in order to meet  
           the federal requirements for "state authorization," thus  
           institutions like Argosy University and Western State College of  
           Law, for which EDMC is the parent company, would also be approved  
           by the Bureau and subject to the provisions of the Act, including  
           the Fact Sheet.  In the absence of the change in statute as  





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           proposed in this bill, the law school would be required to begin  
           providing Fact Sheets to prospective students, per the requirements  
           of institutions regulated by the Bureau by July 1, 2014. 


        NOTE:  Double-referral to Senate Committee on Education.
        
        SUPPORT AND OPPOSITION:
        
         Support:  

        Education Management Group (EDMC)

         Opposition:  

        None on file as of June 27, 2013.


        Consultant:Sarah Mason