BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                  AB 1191
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          Date of Hearing:  April 15, 2013

                       ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES
                                Wesley Chesbro, Chair
                  AB 1191 (Patterson) - As Amended:  March 21, 2013
           
          SUBJECT  :  Energy:  assessments and forecasts

           SUMMARY  :  Requires the California Energy Commission (CEC), as  
          part of its biennial Integrated Energy Policy Report (IEPR), to  
          evaluate the availability, cost and source of credits issued  
          under the Air Resources Board's (ARB) Low Carbon Fuel Standard  
          (LCFS) regulations.  Requires the CEC conduct the transportation  
          forecasting and assessment activities of the IEPR annually from  
          2014-2020.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Requires the CEC to assess energy infrastructure trends and  
            issues facing California and develop and recommend energy  
            policies for the state to address and resolve such issues as  
            part of the IEPR.  The IEPR specifically requires the CEC to  
            conduct transportation fuel forecasting and assessment  
            activities including:

             a)   Assessment of trends in transportation fuels supply,  
               demand and prices.

             b)   Forecasts of statewide and regional transportation  
               energy demand.

             c)   Evaluation of the sufficiency of transportation fuel  
               supplies, including feedstock supplies, production and  
               refining capacity.

             d)   Assessment of the risks of supply disruptions, price  
               shocks or other events.

             e)   Evaluation of alternative transportation energy  
               scenarios.

             f)   Examination of the success of introduction, prices, and  
               availability of clean-burning transportation fuels.

             g)   Recommendations to reduce dependence on petroleum fuels  








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               and decrease environmental impacts from transportation  
               energy use.

          2)Pursuant to the California Global Warming Solutions Act (AB  
            32), requires ARB to adopt a statewide greenhouse gas (GHG)  
            emissions limit equivalent to 1990 levels by 2020 and to adopt  
            rules and regulations to achieve maximum technologically  
            feasible and cost-effective GHG emission reductions.  AB 32  
            also requires ARB to adopt early action measures (EAM) to  
            reduce GHG emissions.  Pursuant to Governor Schwarzenegger's  
            Executive Order S-01-07, sets a statewide goal to reduce the  
            carbon intensity (CI) of California's transportation fuels by  
            at least 10 percent by 2020.  The order required ARB to  
            consider adopting a LCFS to implement this goal, either as an  
            EAM or in another regulatory proceeding.  In 2009, ARB adopted  
            the LCFS as a regulation, including provisions for review in  
            2012 and 2015 (codified in Title 17, California Code of  
            Regulations, section 95489).

           THIS BILL  :

          1)Requires the CEC to evaluate the sufficiency of credits issued  
            under the LCFS regulations, including data on the projected  
            and actual costs of credits, availability and source of  
            credits, and excess or deficiency of credits.

          2)Requires the CEC to conduct the entire transportation segment  
            of the IEPR annually (rather than biennially) from 2014 -  
            2020.

          3)Establishes related findings and declarations regarding the  
            IEPR and LCFS.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  Unknown

           COMMENTS  : 

           1)Background.   In 2007, Governor Schwarzenegger issued Executive  
            Order S-1-07, calling for a reduction of at least 10 percent  
            in the CI of California's transportation fuels by 2020.  The  
            Order instructed the California Environmental Protection  
            Agency to coordinate activities between the University of  
            California, the CEC and other state agencies to develop and  
            propose a draft compliance schedule to meet the 2020 target.
             








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             The Order further directed ARB to consider initiating  
            regulatory proceedings to establish and implement the LCFS.   
            In response, ARB identified the LCFS as an early action item  
            and adopted a regulation in 2009, to be implemented beginning  
            in 2010.  2010 was a reporting year and the first CI reduction  
            requirement of 0.25% began in 2011.  The target increased to  
            0.5% in 2012 and 1.0% in 2013.  To date, fuel suppliers have  
            over-complied, predominantly by blending ethanol with  
            gasoline, which is preferred in the near term because ethanol  
            blending is required by the federal Renewable Fuel Standard  
            and does not require significant changes in fueling and  
            vehicle infrastructure.  However, natural gas, biodiesel and  
            electricity also have been used in significant amounts to  
            comply with the LCFS.

            The LCFS regulation includes provisions permitting credits to  
            be generated from certain alternative fuels and requiring that  
            all fuels, including those used to generate credits,  
            demonstrate a physical pathway into the state.  Credits are  
            awarded based on fuel performance that exceeds a regulatory  
            standard.  Credits can be banked indefinitely and used for  
            compliance, sold to other regulated parties, and exported to  
            other GHG emissions reduction programs.  The regulation  
            requires reviews in 2012 and 2015, including availability of  
            fuels and economic impacts.

           2)Author's statement  :

               Currently, the IEPR does not include an annual review of  
               the developments of California's transportation fuels  
               market.  With the development of new policies, like the  
               LCFS, it is imperative that state have annual reviews to  
               understand developments in the transportation fuels market.  
                The IEPR should serve as an annual tool to measure the  
               supply and availability of existing and new fuels as the  
               LCFS, and other policies, are implemented. 

               California has a rich history of cutting-edge innovation in  
               the transportation energy sector.  The state has adopted  
               policies to drive the adoption and use of alternative  
               transportation fuels and vehicles.  While the goals of  
               these policies are laudable, there is increasing concern  
               that these policies may impact California's transportation  
               fuels market, and ultimately consumers.  For example, a  
               report from the Boston Consulting Group found that, if  








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               compliance pathways to the LCFS are unrealistic, there  
               could be significant impacts on the cost and availability  
               of traditional transportation fuels.

           3)Credit check.   The proponents of this bill suggest that  
            sufficient credits may not be available to economically comply  
            with the LCFS as the targets increase.  They point to their  
            own study as evidence, though ARB apparently disputes the  
            study's assumptions and conclusions.  

            According to ARB, the LCFS regulation requires ARB to provide  
            a public report on credit and deficit generation quarterly.   
            The report includes how many credits and deficits generated in  
            the most recent quarter, total deficits and credits, as well  
            as credits and deficits in possession of regulated parties.   
            The report also includes number of credits transferred, number  
            of parties making transfers and the monthly average credit  
            price for transfers.  

            This bill poses the CEC as a neutral party to evaluate the  
            sufficiency of LCFS credits.  While the added value of the CEC  
            reports may be debatable, the subject matter is consistent  
            with the CEC's existing transportation fuel analysis and  
            reporting duties.

           4)Double referral.   This bill has been double-referred to the  
            Assembly Transportation Committee.

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  : 

           Support 
           
          Western States Petroleum Association (sponsor)
          California Manufacturers & Technology Association

           Opposition 
           
          None on file

           
          Analysis Prepared by  :  Lawrence Lingbloom / NAT. RES. / (916)  
          319-2092 











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