BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  AB 1248
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          Date of Hearing:  April 24, 2013

                       ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT
                           K.H. "Katcho" Achadjian, Chair
                 AB 1248 (Cooley) - As Introduced:  February 22, 2013
           
          SUBJECT  :  Local agencies: internal control guidelines.

          SUMMARY  :  Requires the State Controller to develop internal  
          control guidelines applicable to local agencies to prevent and  
          detect fraud, and requires local agencies to comply with the  
          guidelines beginning January 1, 2016.  Specifically,  this bill  :   


          1)Requires the Controller, by January 1, 2015, to develop  
            internal control guidelines applicable to each local agency to  
            prevent and detect financial errors and fraud.

          2)Requires the Controller to develop the internal control  
            guidelines based on standards adopted by the American  
            Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and with  
            input from any local agency and organizations representing the  
            interests of local agencies, including, but not limited to,  
            the League of California Cities, the California State  
            Association of Counties, the California Special Districts  
            Association, and the California State Association of County  
            Auditors.

          3)Requires the Controller to post the completed internal control  
            guidelines on the Controller's Internet Web site, by January  
            1, 2015.

          4)Requires the Controller to update the internal control  
            guidelines, as he or she deems necessary, and maintain a  
            current version on the Internet Web site.

          5)Requires local agencies to comply with the internal control  
            guidelines beginning January 1, 2016.

          6)Defines, for purposes of this bill, "local agency" to mean a  
            city, county, city and county, special district, or any other  
            local governmental entity, except a school district.

          7)Provides that, if the Commission on State Mandates determines  
            that this bill contains costs mandated by the state,  








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            reimbursement to local agencies and school districts for those  
            costs shall be made pursuant to current law governing  
            state-mandated local costs.

           EXISTING LAW :

          1)Requires the Controller to superintend the fiscal concerns of  
            the state, and to audit all claims against the state.  The  
            Controller may audit the disbursement of any state money, for  
            correctness, legality, and for sufficient provisions of law  
            for payment.

          2)Requires the Controller to summon county auditors to meet with  
            the Controller or his or her duly authorized representatives,  
            at least once each year, in such groups and at such place or  
            places within the state as may be designated by the Controller  
            for the purpose of discussion of problems dealing with county  
            budget procedure, reporting of financial transactions of the  
            counties, allocation of property tax revenues, including the  
            Special District Augmentation Fund, and to promote uniformity  
            of procedure in all matters pertaining to the duties of county  
            auditors, throughout the state.

          3)Requires the Controller to summon county tax collectors and  
            redemption officers or the authorized representative of any  
            county tax collector or redemption officer to meet with the  
            Controller or his duly authorized representatives in such  
            groups and at such place or places within the state as may be  
            designated by the Controller for the purpose of discussion of  
            tax collection, enforcement of taxes, and problems relating  
            thereto, in order to promote uniformity of procedure in the  
            collection of taxes on real and personal property throughout  
            the state.

          4)Authorizes the Controller to render service pertinent to  
            financial, budgetary and taxation problems and procedures for  
            any county, city, city and county, any other political  
            subdivision, or any district of the state upon such terms and  
            conditions as may be agreed upon between the Controller and  
            the governing body of such county, city, city and county,  
            other political subdivision or district.

          5)Requires the officer of each local agency who has charge of  
            the financial records to furnish to the Controller a report of  
            all the financial transactions of the local agency during the  








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            next preceding fiscal year.

          6)Requires, pursuant to existing federal law under the Single  
            Audit Act of 1984 (Act), that any nonfederal entity, defined  
            as states, local governments, or nonprofit organizations, that  
            accepts $500,000 or more in federal money to prepare an annual  
            audit that meets certain specifications and transmit that  
            audit to specified federal agencies.  

          7)Requires the Controller to receive every audit report prepared  
            by any local public agency pursuant to the Act and to review  
            those reports for compliance with federal law before  
            forwarding them to the designated state agency.

          8)Requires the State Auditor to conduct an audit of a state or  
            local governmental entity that is requested by the Joint  
            Legislative Audit Committee (JLAC), to the extent that funding  
            is available and in accordance with priorities established by  
            JLAC.  Existing law also requires the State Auditor to conduct  
            specified financial and performance audits directed in  
            statute.

          9)Authorizes the State Auditor to establish a high-risk local  
            government agency audit program to identify, audit, and issue  
            reports on any local government agency, including any city,  
            county, or special district, or any publicly created entity  
            that the State Auditor identifies as being at high risk for  
            the potential of waste, fraud, abuse, or mismanagement or that  
            has major challenges associated with its economy, efficiency,  
            or effectiveness

          10)Requires annual audits of local educational agencies, and  
            requires audit reports to be filed with the applicable county  
            superintendent of schools, the Department of Education, and  
            the Controller.  Among other requirements, audits must comply  
            fully with the Government Auditing Standards issued by the  
            Comptroller General of the United States, and must be made by  
            a certified public accountant (CPA) or a public accountant  
            (PA) licensed by the Board of Accountancy and selected by the  
            local educational agency from a directory of CPAs and PAs  
            deemed by the Controller as qualified to conduct audits of  
            local educational agencies.
           FISCAL EFFECT  :  Unknown

           COMMENTS  :   








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          1)This bill requires the State Controller to develop internal  
            control guidelines to prevent and detect financial errors and  
            fraud based on standards adopted by the AICPA and with input  
            from any local agency and organizations representing the  
            interests of local agencies.  The bill requires local agencies  
            - which include cities, counties, special districts, or any  
            other local governmental entity - to comply with the internal  
            control guidelines beginning January 1, 2016.  School  
            districts are exempt from the bill.  This bill is sponsored by  
            State Controller John Chiang.

          2)According to the author's office, "Although the economic  
            recession has been especially difficult for local governments,  
            leading to economic failures and bankruptcies across the  
            state, results of audits conducted by the State Controller  
            show that not all of these failures were due to the economic  
            downturn. 

            "The State Controller found that in addition to economic and  
            demographic factors, lack of internal controls - or checks and  
            balances - at the local government level allowed for fiscal  
            and administrative errors and mismanagement.  While the poor  
            economy created difficulties for these local governments, the  
            seeds of financial problems had already taken root because of  
            the lack of proper internal controls."

          3)Long-standing concerns about local government fiscal  
            accountability came to dramatic light in 2011 with the  
            exposure of unethical and illegal financial practices by  
            numerous officials in the City of Bell.  Despite serious and  
            pervasive control deficiencies in the city's administrative  
            and internal accounting systems, the city's independent  
            auditor failed to report abuses such as excessive salaries,  
            illegal loans, and questionable special fees.

            In a series of follow-up audits of the City of Bell's  
            finances, the Controller found that the independent auditor  
            failed to comply with 13 of 17 fieldwork auditing standards  
            and reported no significant deficiencies in any of the city's  
            funds.

            More recently, the Controller found a number of deficiencies  
            in his "Hercules Administrative and Internal Accounting  
            Controls Review Report" issued in September 2012, which  








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            states: 

               "We found the City of Hercules' administrative and internal  
               accounting control deficiencies to be serious and  
               pervasive; in effect, non-existent.  We noted there was no  
               oversight by the City Council over the city's financial and  
               operational activities.  From January 1, 2007, through  
               December 31, 2010, the City Council adopted 40 ordinances,  
               679 city resolutions, and 360 Redevelopment Agency  
               resolutions.  With the exception of one city ordinance,  
               every ordinance, city resolution, and RDA resolution was  
               adopted unanimously.  In essence, the City Council approved  
               all requests submitted by the former City Manager.  The  
               former City Manager was given broad authority to enter into  
               contracts and authorized disbursements for the city and the  
               RDA.  In addition, the city often ignored its competitive  
               bid policy and had inadequate conflict of interest and  
               nepotism policies.  As a result, the potential for waste,  
               abuse, and misappropriation of public funds is very high.

               "As part of our review, we made an assessment of various  
               aspects of the city's internal control components and  
               elements in accordance with standards adopted by the  
               American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.  Of the  
               74 elements evaluated pertaining to internal control  
               components, we found only seven (9%) where controls were  
               considered to be adequate."

          4)The AICPA sets ethical standards for the accounting profession  
            and national auditing standards for audits of private  
            companies, nonprofit organizations, and federal, state and  
            local governments.

            The AICPA publishes an Audit and Accounting Manual, which  
            provides guidance for internal controls, audit documentation  
            guidelines, and illustrative reports for confirmation letters,  
            engagement and representation letters, and auditor's reports.   
            It also publishes a number of practice aids, including one  
            titled, "Documenting and Testing Compliance and Internal  
            Control Over Compliance in a Single Audit," which is designed  
            to assist auditors in better understanding their  
            responsibilities for internal control over compliance,  
            compliance testing, and documenting such procedures.

          5)A number of related bills have been introduced in recent  








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            years:

            SB 186 (Kehoe and DeSaulnier, 2012) would have expanded the  
            Controller's authority to perform discretionary audits of  
            local agencies to ensure compliance with local ordinances and  
            state law.  This bill passed this Committee on a 9-0 vote on  
            June 27, 2012, but subsequently died in the Assembly  
            Appropriations Committee.

            AB 162 (Smyth, 2011) would have required that, if an audit of  
            a local agency reveals certain financial irregularities, the  
            findings be sent separately to the Controller immediately  
            after the audit has been concluded.  AB 162 also would have  
            required the Controller to prepare and transmit a report on  
            those findings and the Controller's recommendations to the  
            Assembly Committee on Local Government and the Senate  
            Committee on Local Government.  This bill was referred to this  
            Committee but was never heard. 

            AB 187 (Lara), Chapter 451, Statutes of 2011, authorizes the  
            State Auditor to establish a high-risk local government agency  
            audit program to identify, audit, and issue reports on any  
            local government agency, including any city, county, or  
            special district, or any publicly created entity that the  
            State Auditor identifies as being at high risk for the  
            potential of waste, fraud, abuse, or mismanagement or that has  
            major challenges associated with its economy, efficiency, or  
            effectiveness.

            AB 229 (Lara, 2011) would have expanded the Controller's  
            oversight of local governmental agencies to those that expend  
            less than $500,000 in federal funds, and would have stipulated  
            standards for the performance of local government audits.   
            This bill passed this Committee on an 8-0 vote on April 27,  
            2011, but was subsequently amended to address an unrelated  
            subject.

            AB 253 (Smyth, 2011) would have established the Committee on  
            City Accounting Procedures, specified the membership of the  
            Committee, and required the State Controller, in consultation  
            with the Committee, to prescribe uniform accounting and  
            reporting procedures for cities.  This bill passed this  
            Committee on a 9-0 vote on April 27, 2011, but subsequently  
            died in the Senate Governance and Finance Committee.









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            SB 449 (Pavley, 2011) would have authorized the State  
            Controller to review the finances of cities, counties, special  
            districts, and redevelopment agencies, and would have allowed  
            the Controller to convene a local agency financial review  
            committee to provide assistance to local agencies that seek  
            help in averting or managing a financial problem.  This bill  
            failed in this Committee on a 1-2 vote on June 29, 2011.

          6)This bill is keyed a state mandate, which means the state  
            could be required to reimburse local agencies for implementing  
            the bill's provisions if the Commission on State Mandates  
            determines that the bill contains costs mandated by the state.

           7)Support arguments  :  CalTax states that "it is critically  
            important that government spends the people's money well.   
            Unfortunately, where public finances are concerned,  
            policymakers too often brush over issues of efficiency and  
            effectiveness when making appropriations.  This bill would  
            change this by improving internal controls and ensuring that  
            budget practices avoid fraud and financial errors."

             Opposition arguments  :  None

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          State Controller John Chiang [SPONSOR]
          CalTax

           Opposition 
           
          None on file
           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    Angela Mapp / L. GOV. / (916) 319-3958