BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó




                   Senate Appropriations Committee Fiscal Summary
                            Senator Kevin de León, Chair


          SB X1 2 (Hernandez) - Health care coverage.
          
          Amended: As introduced.         Policy Vote: Health 7-2
          Urgency: No                     Mandate: Yes
          Hearing Date: February 21, 2013                         
          Consultant: Brendan McCarthy    
          
          This bill meets the criteria for referral to the Suspense File. 
          
          Bill Summary: SB X1 2 would make several changes to the  
          individual market for health care coverage. In particular, the  
          bill would require the guaranteed issue of coverage and prohibit  
          the use of preexisting conditions as a means of setting rates.

          The bill would also make several changes to the recently enacted  
          reforms to the small group market for health care coverage, to  
          conform to recent federal policies or to the policies proposed  
          in this bill for the individual market.

          Fiscal Impact: 
              One-time costs of about $370,000 to the Department of  
              Managed Health Care to adopt regulations, review health plan  
              filings, and respond to consumer questions (Managed Care  
              Fund).

              One-time costs of about $600,000 to the Department of  
              Insurance to adopt regulations and review health plan  
              filings (Insurance Fund). The higher projected cost to the  
              Department of Insurance reflects the fact that the changes  
              in this bill will change the business practices of health  
              insurers more than health plans. Therefore, there will be  
              greater workload to adopt regulations and review changes to  
              insurance policies.

          Background: Beginning in 2014, under the federal Patient  
          Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act), health  
          plans and health insurers that offer coverage in the individual  
          market are required to accept every employer or individual that  
          wishes to purchase coverage and to renew coverage at the  
          individual or employer's request. The Affordable Care Act  
          prohibits health plans or insurers from imposing any exclusion  
          of coverage based on a preexisting condition. Federal law also  








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          limits the "rating factors" used to determine the price of a  
          health plan or insurance policy to a narrow list of factors,  
          including age, geographic region, family size, and tobacco use.

          Federal law exempts plans in effect on March 23, 2010  
          ("grandfathered plans") from these requirements, as long as no  
          changes are made to those plans.

          Proposed Law: SB X1 2 would make several changes to state law  
          governing the individual market for health plans and health  
          insurance policies to conform to federal requirements of the  
          Affordable Care Act. The bill would also make certain policy  
          changes to state law governing health plans and health  
          insurance, as allowed by the Affordable Care Act.

          Provisions conforming California law relating to the individual  
          market to federal law include:

              Prohibiting health plans and insurance policies from  
              imposing preexisting condition exclusions.
              Requiring the guaranteed issue of coverage.
              Requiring health plans and insurers to offer for sale all  
              plans sold in the individual market to all individuals in  
              the health plan or insurer's service area.
              Prohibiting health plans, insurers, agent or brokers from  
              encouraging or directing individuals to or away from certain  
              products due to health status or other factors.
              Allowing health plans and insurers to only use age,  
              geographic region, and family size as rating factors when  
              setting rates for individual policies. 

          Provisions implementing policy choices regarding the individual  
          market available to the state include:

              Exempting grandfathered plans from the changes made in the  
              bill.
              Excluding tobacco use as a rating factor.
              Requiring health plans and insurers to use open enrollment  
              periods (October 15th to December 7th) that align with those  
              to be used in the California Health Benefit Exchange.
              Initially designating six specified rating regions for the  
              individual market for 2014. For 2015 and following years,  
              the bill designates 13 rating regions, pending approval of  
              those regions by the federal government.








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              Linking premiums for HIPAA continuing coverage policies to  
              a specified plan to be offered through the California Health  
              Benefit Exchange.

          Provisions of the bill modifying existing state law governing  
          the small group market (AB 1083, Monning, Statutes of 2012)  
          include:

              Conforming open enrollment periods to federal requirements  
              (October 15th to December 7th).
              Deleting provisions of AB 1083 that made guaranteed issue  
              and community rating requirements contingent on the  
              continued operation of the federal Affordable Care Act  
              (sometimes referred to as "tie-back" provisions).

          Unlike prior market reform bills implementing the Affordable  
          Care Act, this bill does not include any "tie-back" language  
          making it contingent on the continued operation of the federal  
          Affordable Care Act.


          Related Legislation: 
              AB 1083 (Monning, Statutes of 2012) made changes to the  
              regulation of the small group health care coverage market,  
              in conformity with the federal Affordable Care Act.
              SB 961 (Hernandez, 2012) and AB 1461 (Monning, 2012) would  
              have enacted reforms to the individual market (substantially  
              similar to this bill). Those bills were vetoed by Governor  
              Brown, because of the Governor's concern that the bills were  
              not sufficiently contingent on the continued operation of  
              the federal Affordable Care Act.
              AB X1 2 (Pan) is identical to this bill. That bill is in  
              the Assembly Appropriations Committee.

          Staff Comments: As noted above, this bill is substantially  
          similar to SB 961and AB 1461 from last session. Differences  
          between this bill and those bills include:
              Enforcement of this bill's provisions is not contingent on  
              continued operation of the federal Affordable Care Act (no  
              tie-back provisions).
              Certain provisions (such as open enrollment dates and the  
              number of rating regions) have been changed to reflect  
              recent federal guidance.









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          There are several issues addressed by the bill that have not  
          been fully resolved and are likely to be amended at a later  
          date, including:
              Whether enforcement of the bill's provisions should be  
              contingent on the continued operation of the federal  
              Affordable Care Act.
              How many rating regions should be allowed and how to  
              determine those rating regions.
              Conforming existing state requirements that health plans  
              provide certain information on benefits with new federal  
              requirements in this area.
              Linking premiums for HIPAA continuing coverage policies to  
              a specified plan to be offered through the California Health  
              Benefit Exchange.
              Whether and how health plans and insurers should provide  
              information on risk factors to state regulators that must be  
              submitted to the federal government.


          Because the only mandated costs on local governments under the  
          bill relate to crimes or infractions, the state is not liable  
          under the Constitution to reimburse those local costs.