BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                             Senator Noreen Evans, Chair
                              2013-2014 Regular Session


          SB 155 (Padilla)
          As Amended April 22, 2013
          Hearing Date: April 30, 2013
          Fiscal: Yes
          Urgency: No
          BCP


                                        SUBJECT
                                           
               Vehicles: Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Distributors

                                      DESCRIPTION 

          Existing law prohibits motor vehicle manufacturers and  
          distributors from engaging in specified actions with the dealers  
          of those vehicles.

          This bill would make various changes to those prohibitions by,  
          among other things:
           allowing the use of a nationally recognized flat-rate labor  
            guide as the basis for the amount of time necessary for a  
            warranty repair;
           prohibiting manufacturers from establishing a performance  
            standard unless it is reasonable, as specified, and the  
            manufacturer provides all information about the standard  
            within 20 days of the dealer's request;
           revising existing prohibitions regarding audits, warranty and  
            incentive claims, and the dealer's protest rights;
           stating that it is unreasonable to require a dealer to  
            purchase goods or services from a specific vendor for the  
            facility when substantially similar goods are available from  
            another vendor; and 
           prohibiting a manufacturer from taking adverse action against  
            a dealer if a car is sold or leased to a customer who exported  
            the vehicle out of the country, as specified.

          This bill would make other clarifying changes, and, include  
          findings and declarations about the perceived practices of  
          manufacturers.

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                                      BACKGROUND  

          The New Motor Vehicle Board (NMVB) is a program within the  
          Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) which operates in a  
          quasi-judicial capacity to resolve disputes between franchise  
          dealers and manufacturers/distributors of new motor vehicles and  
          specified motorsports vehicles.  Under existing law, the NMVB  
          may only take action on disputes when "a protest is presented to  
          the Board by a franchisee."  (Veh. Code Sec. 3050.)

          This bill, sponsored by the California New Car Dealers  
          Association, seeks to modify the relationship between dealers  
          and manufacturers by, among other things, making changes  
          regarding the use of flat-rate time schedules for warranty  
          reimbursement, warranty and incentive claims, audits, protest  
          rights, export policies, performance standards, and facility  
          improvements.

                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
           
          1.   Existing law  charges the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)  
            with licensing and regulating dealers, manufacturers, and  
            distributors of motor vehicles who conduct business in  
            California.  (Veh. Code Sec. 3000 et seq.)
          
             Existing law  requires every franchisor (manufacturer) to  
            fulfill every warranty agreement and adequately and fairly  
            compensate each franchisee (dealer) for labor and parts used  
            to fulfill the warranty.  A copy of the warranty reimbursement  
            schedule or formula must be filed with the New Motor Vehicle  
            Board (NMVB), and, the schedule or formula is required to be  
            reasonable with respect to the time and compensation.  The  
            reasonableness of the warranty reimbursement schedule or  
            formula shall be determined by NMVB if a franchisee files a  
            notice of protest with NMVB.  (Veh. Code Sec. 3065(a).)

             Existing law  requires all claims made by franchisees to be  
            either approved or disapproved within 30 days after receipt by  
            the franchiser.  When any claim is disapproved, the franchisee  
            who submits it shall be notified in writing, and, each notice  
            shall state the specific grounds upon which the disapproval is  
            based.  (Veh. Code Sec. 3065(d).)

             Existing law  allows for the audit of franchisee warranty  
            records to be conducted by the franchisor on a reasonable  
            basis and for a period of 12 months after a claim is paid or  
                                                                      



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            credit issued.  Franchisee claims for warranty compensation  
            shall not be disapproved except for good cause, as specified.   
            (Veh. Code Sec. 3065(e).)

             This bill  would additionally apply the above warranty  
            provisions to diagnostics and servicing, and provide that if  
            the warranty reimbursement schedule or formula provides  
            compensation for franchisee labor on a flat-rate basis, the  
            franchisor shall allow the franchisee to use a published,  
            nationally recognized, flat-rate labor time guide as the basis  
            for determining the amount of time allocable for warranty  
            repairs if the franchisee primarily uses the time guide to  
            compute technician flat-rate compensation and charges for  
            nonwarranty labor.

             This bill  would revise the above provisions regarding  
            disapproval of claims to, instead, provide:
                 a franchisor is prohibited from disapproving a claim  
               unless it is false or fraudulent, repairs were not properly  
               made, repairs were inappropriate, or for material  
               noncompliance with a documentation and claims submission  
               requirements, as specified, and a franchisor is prohibited  
               from disapproving a claim based upon an extrapolation from  
               a sample of claims;
                 when a claim is disapproved, the franchisee must be  
               notified in writing, and each notice must state the  
               specific grounds of disapproval.  The franchisor must  
               provide a reasonable appeal process allowing the franchisee  
               at least 30 days after receipt of the disapproval to  
               provide additional information.  If disapproval is based on  
               noncompliance with documentation or submission  
               requirements, the franchisee would have 30 days to cure  
               noncompliance.  If the disapproval is rebutted, or  
               noncompliance is cured, the franchisor must approve the  
               claim;
                 if the franchisee provides additional information  
               purporting to rebut the disapproval, attempts to cure  
               noncompliance, or otherwise invokes the appeal process, and  
               the franchisor continues to deny the claim, the franchisor  
               is required to provide the franchisee with a notification  
               of final denial, as specified; and
                 within six months after receipt of the written notice,  
               as specified, a franchisee may file a protest with NMVB for  
               determination of whether the franchisor complied with the  
               above requirements.  In any protest, the franchisor would  
               have the burden of proof.
                                                                      



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             This bill  would revise the above audit provisions to, instead,  
            provide:
                 audits of franchisee warranty records may be conducted  
               on a reasonable basis for a period of nine months after a  
               claim is paid or a credit is issued, and only if the  
               franchisor has substantial evidence of a pattern of  
               improper warranty claims, as specified.  A franchisor would  
               be prohibited from disapproving or charging back a  
               previously approved claim unless the claim is false or  
               fraudulent, repairs were inappropriate, or there was  
               material noncompliance;  
                 if a franchisor disapproves of a previously approved  
               claim following an audit, the franchisor must provide the  
               franchisee with a written disapproval notice stating the  
               specific grounds upon which the claim is disapproved.  The  
               franchisor must provide a reasonable appeal process, and,  
               if the franchisee rebuts the disapproval or cures  
               noncompliance, the franchisor would be prohibited from  
               charging that claim back to the franchisee.  If the  
               franchisee provides additional supporting documentation or  
               information purporting to rebut the disapproval or attempts  
               to cure noncompliance and the franchisor continues to deny  
               the claim, the franchisor must provide written notification  
               of the final denial, which must contain a specified  
               statutory notice about the right to file a protest with  
               NMVB;
                 the franchisor would be prohibited from placing a  
               chargeback to the franchisee until 45 days of receipt of  
               the written notice, as specified, following an audit.  Any  
               chargeback to a franchisee for warranty parts or service  
               must be made within 90 days of receipt of that notice, and,  
               if the franchisee files a protest, the franchisor must  
               collect the chargeback until NMVB issues a final order on  
               the protest.  If NMVB sustains the chargeback or the  
               protest is dismissed with prejudice, the franchisor would  
               have 90 days following issuance of the final order or the  
               dismissal with prejudice to make the chargeback, as  
               specified; and
                 within six months after receipt of the written  
               disapproval notice or completion of the franchisor's appeal  
               process, a franchisee may file a protest with NMVB for  
               determination of whether the franchisor complied with the  
               above requirements.  In any protest, the franchisor would  
               have the burden of proof.

                                                                      



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          2.    Existing law  requires all claims made by a franchisee for  
            payment under the terms of a franchisor incentive program to  
            be either approved or disapproved within 30 days after receipt  
            by the franchisor.  When any claim is disapproved, the  
            franchisee who submits it must be notified in writing of its  
            disapproval within the required period, and each notice must  
            state the specific grounds upon which the disapproval is  
            based.  Following disapproval, a franchisee has one year from  
            receipt of the notice in which to appeal the disapproval to  
            the franchisor and file a protest with NMVB, as specified.   
            All claims must be paid within 30 days following approval.   
            (Veh. Code Sec. 3065.1(a).)

             This bill  would revise the above disapproval provision by,  
            instead, providing that:
                 franchisee claims for incentive program compensation  
               could not be disapproved unless the claim is false or  
               fraudulent, the claim is ineligible under the terms of the  
               incentive program, as specified, or for material  
               noncompliance with documentation and submission  
               requirements.  A franchisor would be prohibited from  
               disapproving a claim based upon an extrapolation from a  
               sample of claims; and
                 providing appeal, notice, and audit requirements similar  
               to the above warranty reimbursement requirements.

          3.    Existing law  makes it unlawful for a vehicle manufacturer  
            or distributor to take specified actions against a vehicle  
            dealer or franchisee.  (Veh. Code Secs. 11713.3, 11713.13.)

             This bill  would additionally prohibit a manufacturer or  
            distributor from taking or threatening to take any adverse  
            action against a dealer pursuant to a published export or  
            sale-for-resale prohibition because the dealer sold or leased  
            a vehicle to a consumer who either exported the vehicle to a  
            foreign country or resold the vehicle in violation of the  
            prohibition, unless the dealer knew or reasonably should have  
            known of the customer's intent to export or resell the vehicle  
            in violation of the prohibition at the time of sale or lease.   
            If the dealer causes the vehicle to be registered in this or  
            any other state, and collects or causes to be collected any  
            applicable sales or use tax due to this state, there would be  
            a rebuttable presumption that the dealer did not have reason  
            to know of the customer's intent to export or resell the  
            vehicle.

                                                                      



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             This bill  would additionally prohibit a manufacturer or  
            distributor from establishing or maintaining a performance  
            standard, sales objective, or program for measuring a dealer's  
            sales, service, or customer service performance that may  
            materially affect the dealer, including, but not limited to,  
            the dealer's right to payment under any incentive or  
            reimbursement program or establishment of working capital  
            requirements, unless both of the following requirements are  
            satisfied:
                 the performance standard, sales objective, or program  
               for measuring dealership sales, service, or customer  
               service performance is reasonable in light of all existing  
               conditions, including, but not limited to demographics,  
               geographical and market characteristics, availability and  
               allocation of vehicles and parts, economic circumstances,  
               and historical performance, as specified; and
                 the manufacturer, distributor, or affiliate provides all  
               information used in establishing the performance standard,  
               sales objective, or program for measuring dealership sales  
               or service within 20 days of a request for information.  
           
             This bill  would provide that in any proceeding in which the  
            reasonableness of a performance standard, sales objective, or  
            program for measuring dealership sales, service, or customer  
            service performance is an issue, the manufacture, distributor,  
            or affiliate would have the burden of proof.  A performance  
            standard that requires a dealer to achieve a minimum  
            performance level based on average, median, or ranked metrics  
            achieved by all or a comparative group of dealers with respect  
            to sales, service, or customer service would be presumed to be  
            unreasonable.

          4.    Existing law  makes it unlawful for a manufacturer or  
            distributor to require, by contract or otherwise, a dealer to  
            make a material alteration, expansion, or addition to any  
            dealership facility, unless the required alteration,  
            expansion, or addition is reasonable in light of all existing  
            circumstances.  In any proceeding in which a required facility  
            alteration, expansion, or addition is an issue, the  
            manufacturer or distributor would have the burden of proving  
            the reasonableness of the requirement.  (Veh. Code Sec.  
            11713.13 (c).)

             This bill  would additionally provide that a required  
            alteration, expansion, or addition shall not be deemed  
            reasonable if it requires that the dealer purchase goods or  
                                                                      



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            services from a specific vendor when substantially similar  
            goods or services are available from another vendor.  This  
            provision would not authorize a dealer to impair or eliminate  
            the intellectual property rights of the manufacturer or  
            distributor, or, permit a dealer to erect or maintain signs  
            that do not conform to the intellectual property usage  
            guidelines of the manufacturer or distributor.  This provision  
            would not apply to a specific good or service if the  
            manufacturer or distributor provides the dealer with a  
            lump-sump payment of a substantial portion of the cost of the  
            good or service.

          5.    This bill  would make other substantive, clarifying, and  
            technical changes relating to NMVB, and include findings and  
            declarations about the perceived practices of franchisors. 


                                        COMMENT
           
          1.   Stated need for the bill  

          According to the author:

            The sale and service of motor vehicles is important to  
            California's economy. California motor vehicle franchises  
            employ over 110,000 people and in 2011, motor vehicle sales  
            and service resulted in over $60 billion in economic activity.  
             To protect such an important industry, California, like every  
            other state, has enacted motor vehicle franchise laws.  

            In addition to preserving a well-organized and cost-effective  
            distribution system of motor vehicles, franchise laws seek to  
            address the disparity in bargaining power between  
            multi-national auto manufacturers and California's motor  
            vehicle franchises that are primarily owned and operated as  
            family businesses.

            California's motor vehicle franchise protection laws however,  
            did not anticipate certain punitive practices taken by  
            automobile manufacturers, which have become a growing concern.  
             The punitive actions include:

                 Undercompensating California motor vehicle franchises by  
               unilaterally reducing the flat-rate time schedules for  
               factory warranty repairs, even when a franchise is using a  
               nationally recognized flat rate schedule for non-warranty  
                                                                      



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               repair work.
                 Disapproving California motor vehicle franchise warranty  
               and incentive program claims for technical reasons, such as  
               disapproving a claim based on an improper signature.  Some  
               manufacturers do not offer an appeals process to correct  
               the simple, technical mistake.
                 Auditing samples of California motor vehicle franchise  
               warranty claims and then extrapolating the number of  
               disapproved claims from the sample to arrive at a final  
               disapproval rate.
                 Holding California motor vehicle franchises strictly  
               liable for exported vehicles, even if the export occurred  
               unbeknownst to the franchise. 
                 Implementing unreasonable performance standards for  
               California motor vehicle franchises based upon statewide  
               data that do not take into account differences in local  
               markets.
                 Requiring that California motor vehicle franchises use  
               factory-mandated vendors for dealer facility improvements,  
               even when similar goods or services are available for a  
               better price from local California vendors.

            . . . [SB 155] would strengthen California's dealer franchise  
            protection laws by implementing various provisions to protect  
            California motor vehicle franchises from punitive actions  
            taken by manufacturers


          2.   Flat rate time allowances  

          Under existing law, manufacturers are required to reimburse  
          dealers for the cost of warranty repairs made to their vehicles.  
           Those reimbursements generally occur on a "flat rate" basis  
          pursuant to the manufacturers' flat-rate time schedule.  In  
          other words, for each warranty repair, the manufacturer has a  
          warranty reimbursement schedule (which must be filed with the  
          New Motor Vehicle Board (NMVB), and the dealer is compensated  
          based upon that schedule.  This bill would, instead, provide  
          that if the warranty reimbursement schedule provides  
          compensation on a flat-rate basis, the manufacturer must allow  
          the dealer to use a published, nationally recognized flat-rate  
          labor time guide as the basis for determining the amount of time  
          allocable for warranty repairs if the franchisee primarily uses  
          that guide to compute technician flat-rate compensation and  
          charges for nonwarranty labor. 

                                                                      



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          To demonstrate the problem faced by dealers using the  
          manufacturer's flat-rate time schedule, the author's office  
          provided several examples of the schedule for a particular  
          repair being reduced over time by the manufacturer.  In both of  
          the examples provided, the third-party time guide (such as  
          Alldata) allowed for a greater amount of time to make the  
          repair.  Staff notes that, as a practical matter, the amount of  
          time is important to dealers because it reflects the amount of  
          reimbursement they receive from the manufacturer for the repair.  
           While third-party time guides may, in fact, allot more time for  
          a repair, it is unclear whether those time allotments are  
          appropriate given that it is assumed that dealer technicians  
          have specialized training and tools from the manufacturer to  
          complete the job.  The Association of Global Automakers (Global  
          Automakers) and the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers  
          (Alliance), in opposition, assert that "[original equipment  
          manufacturers (OEMs)] conduct extensive internal time studies to  
          ensure dealers are fairly compensated for work performed.  The  
          'option' to use a flat-rate time schedule would in fact become  
          the de-facto choice for dealers and would create an artificially  
          inflated industry standard that is not reflective of actual  
          reimbursement rates spread across all manufacturers."

          The California New Car Dealers Association (CNCDA), sponsor,  
          asserts that the allowance for third party flat-rate time  
          schedules would resolve recent problems where manufacturers have  
          "significantly and unrealistically reduced their time allowances  
          for repairs and diagnostics - thereby reducing the amount of  
          warranty reimbursement without affecting hourly compensation  
          rates."  In response to the opposition's expressed concerns, and  
          in an effort to reach a compromise, the author offers an  
          amendment to, instead, prohibit a manufacturer from imposing a  
          general reduction in time or compensation for warranty repairs,  
          but, allow a manufacturer to reduce the time and compensation  
          allowed under a warranty reimbursement schedule with respect to  
          specific parts or labor operations if there is a 30-day written  
          notice to the dealer.  The amendment would further provide that  
          the manufacturer would have the burden of proof in any protest  
          filed by a dealer with respect to a reduction in time and  
          compensation, and that a published nationally-recognized flat  
          rate labor time guide would be relevant in determining the  
          adequacy and fairness of compensation.  Staff further notes that  
          the amendment would appear to directly address the problem  
          identified by the dealers, and arguably strikes a balance  
          between the ability for a manufacturer to reduce the time under  
          appropriate circumstances, while preserving the ability for a  
                                                                      



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          dealer to have notice and object to any reduction.

             Author's amendment  :

            On page 13, line 13, strike out "If the warranty  
            reimbursement" and lines 14 through 26, inclusive, and insert:

               The reasonableness of the warranty reimbursement schedule  
               or formula shall be determined by the board if a franchisee  
               files a protest with the board. A franchisor shall not  
                                                                                      replace, modify, or supplement the warranty reimbursement  
               schedule to impose a fixed percentage or other general  
               reduction in the time and compensation allowed to the  
               franchisee for labor or parts. A franchisor may reduce the  
               allowed time and compensation applicable to specific parts  
               or labor operations only upon 30 days prior written notice  
               to the franchisee. In any protest challenging a reduction  
               in time and compensation applicable to specific parts or  
               labor operations and filed within one year following the  
               franchisee's receipt of notice of the reduction, the  
               franchisor shall have the burden of establishing the  
               reasonableness of the reduction and adequacy and fairness  
               of the resulting compensation.

               (b) In determining the adequacy and fairness of the  
               compensation, published, nationally-recognized flat-rate  
               labor time guides and the franchisee's effective labor rate  
               charged to its various retail customers may be considered  
               together with other relevant criteria. If in a protest  
               permitted by this section filed by any franchisee the board  
               determines that the warranty reimbursement schedule or  
               formula fails in any manner to provide adequate and fair  
               compensation or fails in whole or in part to conform with  
               the other requirements of this section, within 30 days  
               after receipt of the board's order the franchisor shall  
               correct the failure by amending or replacing the warranty  
               reimbursement schedule or formula and implementing the  
               correction as to all franchisees of the franchisor.

          3.   Performance standards  

          This bill would also prohibit manufacturers and distributors  
          from establishing a performance standard that may materially  
          affect a dealer unless:  (1) the performance standard is  
          reasonable in light of all existing circumstances, as specified;  
          and (2) the manufacturer or distributor provides all information  
                                                                      



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          used in establishing the performance standard within 20 days  
          upon request by a dealer.  In a proceeding in which the  
          reasonableness of the standard is at issue, the manufacturer or  
          distributor would have the burden of proof, and, a performance  
          standard based upon an average, median, or ranked metrics would  
          be presumed to be unreasonable.  CNCDA, in support, asserts that  
          "[m]anufacturers measure dealer performance under a franchise  
          agreement or incentive program based upon standards established  
          solely by the manufacturer that are based upon statewide or  
          regional performance metrics.  They often fail to account for  
          crucial differences in local market conditions and the failure  
          to meet 'average' standard can lead to negative consequences  
          ranging from disqualification for incentives to franchise  
          termination."

          The Global Automakers and the Alliance, in opposition, object to  
          the requirement that OEMs provide "all information" used in  
          establishing a particular performance standard to a requesting  
          dealer within 20 days due to the contention that the provision  
          "would put OEMs in the impossible position of attempting to meet  
          a standard that is over-broad and burdensome given the various  
          programs and metrics . . . ."  The opposition further contends  
          that to be of any value, such a disclosure would include  
          production of information about other dealers that is  
          confidential, and objects to the requirement to consider the  
          local, statewide, and national economic circumstances, and,  
          oppose the "effort to eliminate the industry-wide practice of  
          using a performance standard that requires a dealer to achieve a  
          certain performance level as measured against the average of a  
          comparative group of dealers."

          Staff notes that, as a practical matter, performance standards  
          arguably act to encourage a dealership to excel in various ways  
          (including customer service) that may actually result in a  
          better experience for consumers.  If a dealer actually knows the  
          standards that are used, it may help the dealer meet the  
          expectations of the manufacturer and improve the customer's  
          experience.  Furthermore, given that vehicle preference and  
          socio-economic conditions vary throughout the state, arguably,  
          any fair performance standard should take into account all the  
          relevant circumstances faced by a dealer - for example, a dealer  
          in the mountains may sell a lot of four-wheel drive vehicles due  
          to the snow, while a dealer in the Central Valley may have  
          difficulty moving those same vehicles due to lack of demand.  

          It should also be noted that, as a practical matter, providing a  
                                                                      



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          presumption that a performance standard is unreasonable if it  
          requires a dealer to achieve a minimum performance level based  
          on an average, median, or ranked metrics would essentially  
          remove the ability to compare a dealer to any other dealer -  
          absent the ability to make that comparison, it is unclear how a  
          manufacturer could create a reasonable standard that takes into  
          account the current real-world conditions.

          In response to the opposition's concerns, the author offers an  
          amendment to strike the proposed presumption, and, increase the  
          time in which a manufacturer must respond to a request for  
          information about a performance standard.  Staff notes that the  
          author's amendment further clarifies the data that must be  
          provided with respect to a performance standard, and, that the  
          author and sponsor should continue to work with the opposition  
          regarding any remaining concerns about the language. 

             Author's amendments  :

            1.  On page 39, strike out lines 1 through 5, inclusive and  
            insert:

               (B) Within 30 days after request by the dealer, the  
               manufacturer, manufacturer branch, distributor, distributor  
               branch, or affiliate provides a written summary of the  
               methodology and all studies, reports, minutes and other  
               data used or considered in establishing the performance  
               standard, sales objective, or program for measuring  
               dealership sales or service performance.  The summary shall  
               be in detail sufficient to permit the dealer to determine  
               how the standard was established.

             2.  On page 39, line 11, strike out "A performance standard  
               that requires a dealer to" and lines 12 through 15,  
               inclusive.

          4.   Warranty and incentive claims  

          This bill would also revise existing provisions that cover the  
          disapproval of warranty and incentive claims, audits, and  
          chargebacks.  Specifically, this bill would prohibit a  
          franchisor from disapproving a claim unless false or fraudulent,  
          repairs were not properly made, repairs were inappropriate, or  
          if there was material noncompliance.  If a claim is disapproved,  
          the dealer must be notified in writing, the manufacturer must  
          provide an appeal process, allow a dealer to cure noncompliance  
                                                                      



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          with submission requirements, and the manufacturer must provide  
          a final notice of denial which includes a notice that the dealer  
          may file a protest with NMVB.  Similarly, audits of warranty and  
          incentive claims may occur within nine months after a claim is  
          paid, and previously approved claims shall not be disapproved or  
          charged back except under certain circumstances, including where  
          the claim was false or fraudulent.  If a claim is ultimately  
          disapproved after an audit (following any appeal and attempt to  
          cure noncompliance), the manufacturer must provide a notice of  
          final denial that informs the dealer of their right to file a  
          protest with NMVB.  The bill would also prohibit a manufacturer  
          from disapproving a claim based upon an extrapolation from a  
          sample of claims, as specified.

          CNCDA, in support, asserts that "[m]anufacturers often  
          disapprove (pre- or post- audit) warranty claims for very  
          technical reasons and some do not offer an opportunity to  
          correct mistakes - costing the dealer tens to hundreds of  
          thousands of dollars in reimbursement for work already  
          performed.  Growing numbers of manufacturers are auditing  
          samples of claims, and extrapolating the result to arrive on a  
          final chargeback amount."   The Global Automakers and Alliance  
          oppose the bill's provisions that would  allow audits within  
          nine months after a claim is paid (existing law allows one year)  
          and contends that the provision would negatively impact programs  
          and payouts to dealers that currently run for an entire year.  

          The opposition further opposes the "novel language" that would  
          prohibit a disapproval based upon an extrapolation of data and  
          contends that "[t]his requested change flies in the face of  
          evidentiary laws in many states, including California, that  
          permit extrapolation when the amount of subject data is  
          voluminous or the trier of fact would be assisted with such an  
          analysis.  To prove each and every claim submission individually  
          would place an administrative burden on the manufacturer that is  
          both unnecessary and punitive." Staff notes that the case cited  
          by the opposition in support of the need to use extrapolation  
          for audits dealt with audits by public agencies, not  
          manufacturers.  Regarding the use of extrapolation, the Ninth  
          Circuit Court of Appeals held that:  "We now join other circuits  
          in approving the use of sampling and extrapolation as part of  
          audits in connection with Medicare and other similar programs,  
          provided the aggrieved party has an opportunity to rebut such  
          evidence.  To deny public agencies the use of statistical and  
          mathematical audit methods would be to deny them an effective  
          means of detecting abuses in the use of public funds.  Public  
                                                                      



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          officials are responsible for overseeing the expenditure of our  
          increasingly scarce public resources and we must give them  
          appropriate tools to carry out that charge."  (Ratanasen v. Cal.  
          Dept. of Health Servs. (1993) 11 F.3d 1467, 1471.)  

          It should be noted that, as introduced, this bill would have  
          required audits to be performed within six months after a claim  
          is paid and that recent amendments extended that time period to  
          nine months.  Similarly, the introduced bill would have allowed  
          dealers to file protests within one year of a denial of a claim  
          by a manufacturer - recent amendments reduced that time frame to  
          six months.  Accordingly, the author and sponsor should continue  
          to work with the opposition to see if consensus can be reached  
          with respect to warranty and incentive claims.

          5.   Facilities  

          Under existing law, a manufacturer cannot require a dealer to  
          make a material alteration, expansion, or addition to any  
          dealership facility unless it is reasonable in light of all  
          existing circumstances.  This bill would provide that a required  
          facility alteration, expansion, or audition would not be  
          reasonable if it requires the dealer to purchase goods or  
          services from a specific vendor when substantially similar goods  
          are available from another vendor.  CNCDA, in support, asserts  
          that "SB 155 implements a 'Buy California' provision specifying  
          that a facility-related requirement providing that the dealer  
          must purchase goods or services from a specific vendor is  
          unreasonable if substantially similar goods or services are  
          available from another vendor."  The opposition expresses  
          concern given the importance of signage and trademark bearing  
          material in dealerships.  The opposition also expresses concern  
          that there is little guidance as to what constitutes  
          substantially similar goods or services and that there is no  
          protest opportunity.  On the other hand, the opposition states  
          that it is understandable why CNCDA seeks flexibility, but  
          signage and trademark bearing materials should not be included  
          in any measure of "substantially similar."

          Staff notes that, in an attempt to respond to the opposition's  
          concerns, the bill was recently amended to include language  
          stating that the provision does not authorize a dealer to impair  
          or eliminate the intellectual property rights of the  
          manufacturer or distributor, or, permit a dealer to erect or  
          maintain signs that do not conform to the intellectual property  
          usage guidelines of the manufacturer or distributor.
                                                                      



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          Accordingly, the author and sponsor should continue to work with  
          the opposition to see if there can be consensus on the issue of  
          allowing dealers to pick a vendor, provided that the use of the  
          vendor does not infringe upon the intellectual property of the  
          manufacturer, and that the goods and services are truly  
          "substantially similar."

          6.   Adverse actions by a manufacturer regarding exported  
          vehicles  

          This bill would additionally prohibit a manufacturer from taking  
          or threatening to take any adverse action against a dealer  
          pursuant to a published export or sale-for-resale prohibition  
          because the dealer sold or leased a vehicle to a customer who  
          either exported the vehicle to a foreign country or resold the  
          vehicle in violation of the prohibition.  Staff notes that  
          recent amendments added language allowing a manufacturer to take  
          such an action if the "dealer knew or reasonably should have  
          known of the customer's intent to export or resell the vehicle  
          in violation of the prohibition at the time of the sale or  
          lease."  

          Regarding the need for the prohibition, CNCDA asserts that  
          "[g]iven vehicle allocation limits to high-demand countries like  
          China and Korea, a large number of 'straw purchaser' rings  
          acquire new vehicles from California dealers for export.  All  
          manufacturers have policies prohibiting dealers from selling  
          vehicles for export - mostly on a 'strict liability' basis where  
          the dealer knowledge of the planned exportation is irrelevant."   
          Accordingly, this bill seeks to address concerns relating to  
          those policies by essentially protecting a dealer in cases where  
          the dealer did not know, or reasonably could have known, that  
          the vehicle was going to be exported. 

           Support  :  California Motorcycle Dealers Association

           Opposition  :  Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers; Association  
          of Global Automakers

                                        HISTORY
           
           Source  :  California New Car Dealers Association

           Related Pending Legislation  :  None Known

                                                                      



          SB 155 (Padilla)
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           Prior Legislation  :

          SB 642 (Padilla, Chapter 342, Statutes of 2011) modified and  
          expanded the existing statutory framework regulating the  
          relationship between vehicle manufacturers and their franchised  
          dealers.

          SB 424 (Padilla, Chapter 12, Statutes of 2009) regulates actions  
          that vehicle manufacturers may take with regard to their  
          franchised dealers, and allows franchisees that have contracts  
          terminated because of a manufacturer's or distributor's  
          bankruptcy to continue to sell new cars in their inventory for  
          up to six months.  

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