BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



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          Date of Hearing:   August 13, 2013

              ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS, PROFESSIONS AND CONSUMER  
                                     PROTECTION
                               Susan A. Bonilla, Chair
                     SB 205 (Corbett) - As Amended:  July 1, 2013

           SENATE VOTE  :   23-9
           
          SUBJECT  :   Prescription drugs: labeling.

           SUMMARY :   Requires specified information on a prescription  
          container regarding its name, manufacturer, recipient, use,  
          strength, and purpose to be printed in at least 12-point  
          typeface.  Specifically,  this bill  :   

          1)Requires that the manufacturer's trade or generic name of a  
            drug, the manufacturer's name, directions for use, name of the  
            patient, strength of a drug, and the purpose for which a drug  
            was dispensed be printed in at least 12-point typeface.  

          2)States that no reimbursement is required by this bill pursuant  
            to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution  
            because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency  
            or a school district will be incurred because this bill  
            creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or  
            infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction  
            within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or  
            changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of  
            Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution. 

          3)Makes other technical and clarifying changes.

          EXISTING LAW  

          1)Establishes the Board of Pharmacy (BOP) for the licensing and  
            regulation of pharmacies and pharmacists under the Department  
            of Consumer Affairs. (Business and Professions Code (BPC)  
            Section 4001) 

          2)Prohibits a person from furnishing any dangerous drug or  
            device, except upon the prescription of a physician, dentist,  
            podiatrist, optometrist, veterinarian, or naturopathic doctor  
            as specified. (BPC 4059)









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          3)Requires a pharmacist not to dispense any prescription except  
            in a container that meets the requirements of state and  
            federal law, as specified, and is correctly labeled with the  
            following:

             a)   Unless otherwise specified by the prescriber, the  
               manufacturer's trade name of the drug or the generic name  
               and the name of manufacturer as specified; 
             
             b)   The directions for the use of the drug;
             
             c)   The name of the patient or patients;
             
             d)   The name of the prescriber, as specified;
             
             e)   The date of issue;
             
             f)   The name and address of the pharmacy, prescription  
               number, or other means of identifying the prescription;
             
             g)   The strength of the drug or drugs dispensed;
             
             h)   The quantity of the drugs dispensed;
             
             i)   The expiration date of the effectiveness of the drug;
             
             j)   The condition or purpose for which the drug was  
               prescribed if the condition or purpose is indicated on the  
               prescription; and,
             
             aa)  The physical description of the dispensed medication  
               including its color, shape and any identification code that  
               appears on the tablets or capsules, except for the  
               following:
             
               i)     Prescriptions dispensed by a veterinarian;

               ii)    A new drug for the first 20 days that the drug is on  
                 the market and for the 90 days during which the national  
                 reference file has no description on file; and,

               iii)   Dispensed medications for which no physical  
                 description exists in any commercially available  
                 database.  (BPC 4076)









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          4)Requires that labels on drug containers dispensed to patients  
            in California conform to the following format:

             a)   Each of the following items must be clustered into one  
               area of the label that compromises at least 50% of the  
               label and be printed in at least 10-point sans serif  
               typeface, or if requested by the consumer, at least  
               12-point typeface, and listed in the following order:

               i)     Name of the patient;

               ii)    Name of the drug and strength of the drug;

               iii)   Directions for use of the drug; and,

               iv)    The condition or purpose for which the drug was  
                 prescribed if the condition or purpose is indicated on  
                 the prescription. (California Code of Regulations (CCR)  
                 16 Section 1707.5)

             b)   Specifies that the BOP shall re-evaluate the  
               requirements, as specified, by December 2013 to ensure  
               optimal conformance with BPC 4076.5.  (CCR 16 1707.5)  

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown 

           COMMENTS  :   

           1)Purpose of this bill  .  This bill would require certain  
            information about a prescription drug to be printed in  
            12-point typeface on a prescription container label with the  
            aim of decreasing medication errors.  This bill is  
            author-sponsored.   

           2)Author's statement  .  According to the author, "eyesight often  
            diminishes with age, and for seniors, it can be difficult to  
            read the small print on prescription labels.  For those who  
            take multiple medications, their inability to read the label  
            puts them in serious danger.  Among adults 65 years of age or  
            older, 40% take five to nine medications and 18% take ten or  
            more medications.  Medications that are taken incorrectly or  
            mixed with other medications can cause adverse drug events  
            that can lead to injury and death.  The New England Journal of  
            Medicine estimates that between 2007 and 2009, there were more  
            than 260,000 emergency room visits for adverse drug events in  








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            U.S. adults 65 years of age or older.  Of those, almost  
            100,000 required emergency hospitalizations, and nearly  
            two-thirds of those hospitalizations were due to unintentional  
            overdoses.  Making prescription medication container labels  
            easier for patients to read is a simple way to help avoid  
            dosing or medication errors due to a patient's inability to  
            read the label."

           3)Legislative history  .  Pursuant to SCR 49 (Speier) (Chapter  
            123, Statutes of 2005) the Medication Errors Panel (panel)  
            published a report in March 2007 titled Prescription for  
            Improving Patient Safety: Addressing Medication Errors.  The  
            panel developed recommendations to improve prescription labels  
            to reduce errors associated with prescription and  
            over-the-counter medication use.  As a result of SCR 49 and  
            the recommendations made by the panel, SB 472 (Corbett)  
            (Chapter 470, Statutes of 2007) was enacted to require the BOP  
            to promulgate regulations that required a standardized,  
            patient-centered, prescription drug label on all prescription  
            medication dispensed to patients in California.  

           4)Board of Pharmacy regulations  . To inform the rulemaking  
            process, the BOP elicited feedback from consumers, between May  
            2008 and November 2009, regarding the development of  
            patient-centered prescription drug labels by creating an  
            open-ended prescription label survey which was distributed at  
            public outreach events.  Survey results indicated that  
            consumers wanted prescription labels to have larger and darker  
            print to increase readability.  The BOP also considered  
            testimony and information from the public, pharmaceutical  
            industry, pharmacy professionals, subject matter experts and  
            other stakeholders regarding the improvements to prescription  
            labeling issues.  

          After numerous meetings, BOP adopted regulations in 2010 to  
            create a standardized, patient-centered prescription drug  
            label.  Among other requirements, the regulations require that  
            the  name of the patient, name and strength of the drug,  
            directions for use, and the condition or purpose for which the  
            drug was prescribed to be printed in at least a 10-point sans  
            serif typeface, or if requested by the consumer, at least  
            12-point typeface.  There are a limited number of pharmacies  
            that currently use a default 12-point typeface.  This measure  
            will require that certain information automatically be printed  
            in 12-point typeface, as opposed to providing the consumer  








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            with the choice to have the information printed in either 10  
            or 12 point typeface.  
           
          5)Board of Pharmacy reports  .  As required by regulations, the  
            BOP is scheduled to reevaluate and release a report in  
            December of 2013 to update the Legislature and other  
            interested parties regarding the efficacy of the BOP's current  
            regulations related to prescription container labeling  
            requirements including the specific typeface size.  The BOP's  
            Public Education and Communications Committee is currently in  
            the process of reviewing information and feedback from  
            numerous stakeholders pertaining to the patient-centered  
            labels for prescription drug use including the standard  
            typeface. 

           6)Arguments in support  .  The California Alliance for Retired  
            Americans writes in support, "We believe this bill will help  
            avoid medication disasters by printing prescription labels in  
            12-point typeface.  The Centers for Disease Control and  
            Prevention recommend that adults read and follow directions to  
            reduce the risk of harm from medication.  Seniors are having  
            difficulty reading the small print on their prescription  
            labels, and for those who are taking multiple medications,  
            their inability to read the label puts them in serious  
            danger."

           7)Arguments in opposition  .  The California Pharmacists  
            Association writes in opposition, "While [the California  
            Pharmacists Association] appreciates the intent of [this  
            bill], we believe the changes are premature and would not  
            provide any additional benefit to consumers.  The [BOP]  
            regulations already require specific portions of the label to  
            appear in at least 10-point font and to be printed in 12-point  
            font if the patient requests it.  These regulations were  
            developed after an exhaustive, collaborative, rulemaking  
            process."

           8)Question for the Committee  .  As noted above, the BOP is  
            already scheduled to release a report regarding the impact of  
            the regulations pertaining to patient-centered prescription  
            drug labels in December of 2013, and so the Committee may wish  
            to consider whether or not this bill might be premature.  The  
            Committee may also wish to consider delaying the effective  
            date of this bill by two years so that the BOP report can be  
            completed and the results thoroughly discussed before the  








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            requirements of this bill would come into effect, allowing  
            legislators the time to amend the statute if the report  
            results suggest an outcome that differs from the 12-point  
            typeface approach contained in this bill.   

           9)Related legislation  .  SB 204 (Corbett) of 2013 would require  
            pharmacists to use the translated standard directions for use  
            from BOP's website when providing patients with translated  
            directions in Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, and  
            Russian on their prescription medication labels.  It would  
            also require pharmacists to use certified translation services  
            if they choose to provide translations in languages other than  
            the five provided on the Board's website.  The bill is pending  
            in the Assembly Health Committee.  
             
             AB 396 (Fox) of 2013 would require every prescription to  
            include a legible, clear notice of the condition or purpose  
            for which the drug is prescribed, unless the patient or  
            prescriber requests that this information be omitted.  The  
            bill was held in the Assembly without referral to a committee.  
              

            AB 1136 (Levine) of 2013 would require a pharmacist to include  
            a written label on the drug container indicating that the drug  
            may impair a person's ability to operate a vehicle or vessel.   
            The bill is currently pending on the Senate Floor. 

           10)Previous legislation  .  SB 1390 (Corbett) of 2010 would have  
            repealed the requirement that the BOP promulgate regulations  
            requiring a standardized, patient-centered, prescription drug  
            label on all prescription medications dispensed to patients in  
            California on or before January 1, 2011, and instead establish  
            statutory requirements for standardized, patient centered  
            prescription drug labels.  The bill failed passage in the  
            Assembly Committee on Business, Professions and Consumer  
            Protection.   

             SB 470 (Corbett) (Chapter 590, Statutes of 2009) permitted,  
             if requested by patients, the purpose of the prescribed  
             medication to be listed on prescription drug labels. 

             SB 472 (Corbett) (Chapter 470, Statutes of 2007), the  
             California Patient Medication Safety Act, required BOP to  
             promulgate regulations that require a standardized,  
             patient-centered, prescription drug label on all prescription  








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             medication dispensed to patients in California.  The Board  
             was required to report to the Legislature by January 1, 2010,  
             on its progress in implementing these regulations. 

             SCR 49 (Speier) of 2005, created a panel to study the causes  
             of medication errors and recommend changes in the health care  
             system that reduces errors associated with the delivery of  
             prescription and over the counter medication to consumers.   
             This resolution required the panel to convene by October 1,  
             2005, and to submit to the Assembly Committee on Health and  
             the Senate Committee on Health a report on its finding by  
             June 1, 2006.

             AB 657 (Karnette) of 2005, would have required prescription  
             drug labels to include the intended purpose of the drug, if  
             indicated on the prescription, and required prescribers to  
             ask the patient, or the patient's authorized representative,  
             if the patient is either incapacitated or a minor who cannot  
             provide informed consent, whether to indicate the intended  
             purpose of the prescription on the label.  The bill was held  
             in the Senate Business, Professions and Economic Development  
             Committee.


           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION :

           Support 
           
          California Alliance for Retired Americans
          California Commission on Aging
          California Pan-Ethnic Health Network
          Health Access California
          Paramedics Plus
          Vison y Compromiso
           
            Opposition 
           
          California Pharmacists Association
          Department of Consumer Affairs 
          National Association of Chain Drug Stores

           Analysis Prepared by  :    Elissa Silva / B.,P. & C.P. / (916)  
          319-3301 










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