BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                            



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                                    THIRD READING


          Bill No:  SB 377
          Author:   Lieu (D)
          Amended:  5/9/13
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE LABOR & INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE  :  3-1, 4/24/13
          AYES:  Lieu, Leno, Yee
          NOES:  Wyland
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Padilla

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE  :  5-2, 5/23/13
          AYES:  De León, Hill, Lara, Padilla, Steinberg
          NOES:  Walters, Gaines


           SUBJECT  :    Public works:  project determinations:  wage and  
          penalty
                      assessments

           SOURCE  :     International Union of Operating Engineers 


           DIGEST  :    This bill requires the Director (Director) of the  
          Department of Industrial Relations (DIR) to establish a new  
          process to determine whether a project is a public work, upon  
          the request of any party, as specified.

           ANALYSIS  :    Existing law defines "public works" to include,  
          among other jobs, construction, alteration, demolition,  
          installation, or repair work done under contract and paid for in  
          whole or in part out of public funds.

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          Under existing law, "paid for in whole or in part out of public  
          funds" means, among other things, the following:

           1. The payment of money or the equivalent of money by the state  
             or political subdivision directly to or on behalf of the  
             public works contractor, subcontractor, or developer.

           2. The performance of construction work by the state or  
             political subdivision in execution of the project.

           3. Fees, costs, rents, insurance or bond premiums, loans,  
             interest rates, or other obligations that would normally be  
             required in the execution of the contract, that are paid,  
             reduced, charged at less than fair market value, waived, or  
             forgiven by the state or political subdivision.

           4. Money loaned by the state or political subdivision that is  
             to be repaid on a contingent basis. 

          Existing law defines "awarding body" or "body awarding the  
          contract" as the department, board, authority, officer or agent  
          awarding a contract for public work.
           
          Existing law requires all employees who work on public works  
          projects costing $1,000 or more to be paid the general  
          prevailing rate of per diem wages and the general prevailing  
          rate for holiday and overtime work for the specific location  
          where the public work is to be performed.  This requirement is  
          applicable to work performed under contract and it does not  
          apply to work carried out by a public agency with its own  
          forces.  Existing law provides certain exemptions to the payment  
          of prevailing wage that includes, among others, private  
          residential projects.  The Director is tasked with the  
          responsibility of determining the general prevailing rate of per  
          diem wages in accordance with specified standards. 

          Existing law allows a contractor to bring an action in court to  
          recover from an awarding body the difference between the wages  
          actually paid to an employee and the wages that were required to  
          be paid (per prevailing wage provisions) if it meets the  
          following requirements:

           1. The awarding body previously affirmatively represented to  
             the contractor in writing, in the call for bids, or  

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             otherwise, that the work to be covered by the bid or contract  
             was not a "public work" as defined. 

           2. The awarding body received actual written notice from the  
             DIR that the work to be covered by the bid or contract is a  
             "public work," as defined, and failed to disclose that  
             information to the contractor before the bid opening or  
             awarding of the contract.

          Existing law states that if the Labor Commissioner  
          (Commissioner) or his/her designee determines after an  
          investigation that there has been a public works violation, the  
          Commissioner shall with reasonable promptness issue a civil wage  
          and penalty assessment to the contractor or subcontractor or  
          both.  The assessment shall be in writing and shall describe the  
          nature of the violation and the amount of wages, penalties, and  
          forfeitures due.

          Existing law states that the assessment should be served no  
          later than 180 days after the filing of a valid notice of  
          completion in the office of the county recorder in each county  
          in which the public work (or some part thereof) was performed or  
          not later than 180 days after acceptance of the public work,  
          whichever occurs last.

          Existing law states that a joint labor-management committee may  
          bring an action in any court of competent jurisdiction against  
          an employer that fails to pay the prevailing wage to its  
          employees.  This action shall be commenced not later than 180  
          days after the filing of a valid notice of completion in the  
          office of the county recorded in each county in which the public  
          work or some part thereof was performed or not later than 180  
          days after acceptance of the public work, whoever last occurs. 

          This bill:

          1.Requires an awarding body to notify the Director, the  
            Commissioner, and any person who has asked for that notice, if  
            a project in which it has a legal interest is not a public  
            work. 

          2.Requires the awarding body to notify these entities within 30  
            days of the commencement of any work estimated to last six  
            months or more, and before the commencement of any work if a  

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            project is not estimated to exceed six months. 

          3.Requires the Commissioner to serve a civil wage and penalty  
            assessment no later than 180 days of the date of the  
            determination of a violation.

          4.Tolls (delays) the period for commencing a civil action by the  
            joint labor-management committee to the period of time  
            required by the Director to determine whether a project is a  
            public work, including a determination on administrative  
            appeal. 

          5.Requires the Director to determine, within 60 days of receipt  
            of a determination request, whether a project is a public  
            work.

          6.Requires an administrative appeal of that determination to be  
            made within 30 days after receipt. 

          7.Requires the Director to issue a determination of an appeal  
            with 30 days of its receipt.

          8.Makes the authority of the Director to determine coverage of  
            projects under the prevailing wage laws quasi-legislative, and  
            a final determination on any appeal would be subject to  
            judicial review. 

           Comments
           
           A brief history of state and federal prevailing wage law  .  State  
          prevailing wage laws vary from state to state, but do share a  
          common history that predates federal prevailing wage law.  Many  
          of these state laws were enacted as part of Progressive Era  
          reform efforts to improve working conditions at the end of the  
          19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries.  Between 1891 and  
          1923, seven states adopted prevailing wage laws that required  
          payment of specified hourly wages on government construction  
          projects, the State of Kansas being the first in 1891. 

          18 additional states (including California in 1931) and the  
          federal government adopted prevailing wage laws during the Great  
          Depression of the 1930s amidst concern that acceptance of the  
          low bid, a common requirement of government contracting for  
          public projects, would reduce local wages and disrupt the local  

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          economies.  This was particularly in the depths of the Great  
          Depression, where, for some local economies, the government had  
          become the primary purchaser of construction products and a  
          significant employer.

          In general, the proponents of prevailing wage legislation wanted  
          to prevent the government from using its purchasing power to  
          undermine the wages of its citizens.  It was believed that the  
          government should set an example, by paying the wages prevailing  
          in a locality for each occupation hired by government  
          contractors to build public projects.  Even today, prevailing  
          wage laws are generally meant to ensure that wages commonly paid  
          to construction workers in a particular region will determine  
          the minimum wage paid to the same type of workers employed on  
          publicly funded construction projects. 

           Prior legislation  .  SB 966 (Alarcon, Chapter 804, Statutes of  
          2003) permitted a contractor to recover increased costs from an  
          awarding body of public works, if the work had been determined  
          to be subject to prevailing wages after the job had begun. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  Yes    
          Local:  No

          According to the Senate Appropriations Committee, DIR estimates  
          that it would incur staffing costs of $580,000 (special funds)  
          for additional staff and related equipment expenses to implement  
          the provisions of this bill, for (1) developing forms, (2)  
          adopting regulations, (3) monitoring reports by awarding bodies  
          about projects not believed to be subject to the requirements of  
          the California prevailing wage law, and (4) making coverage  
          determinations and decisions on appeal within the time  
          prescribed by this bill.  Additionally, this bill will result in  
          database costs to DIR to capture the interested political  
          subdivision, the parties and any person that has asked for that  
          notice the reason and all the pertinent dates and timeframes  
          pursuant to the decision process for the determinations.  The  
          estimated cost for this on-line notification system is $230,000  
          in the first year of implementation plus $50,000 ongoing for  
          operation and maintenance.

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  5/23/13)

          International Union of Operating Engineers (source) 

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          California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO 
          Construction Employees' Association
          State Building & Construction Trades Council of California 

           OPPOSITION  :    (Verified  5/23/13)

          Associated Builders and Contractors of California
          Department of Finance

           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    Proponents argue that existing law  
          lacks a sufficient notification requirement for public works  
          projects to inform the public about whether a project is  
          determined to be a public works.  They contend that this allows  
          an awarding body to put out a project for bid without a  
          determination - resulting in the contractor to pay below the  
          prevailing wage, depriving workers of their lawful wages.   
          Proponents argue that this bill's notification requirement will  
          ensure that the contractor with a winning bid of a public works  
          project will pay the lawfully mandated prevailing wage.

          Proponents further argue that existing law fails to provide a  
          set deadline for the Commissioner to serve a civil wage and  
          penalty assessment to determine a violation.  They maintain that  
          this lack of a streamlined appellate process causes workers to  
          have to suffer through a long waiting period before learning if  
          there was in fact a wage violation.  Proponents contend when a  
          decision is finally granted, the long wait time often leaves  
          workers without any options because the statute of limitations  
          for legal action has run out - eliminating the worker's  
          opportunity to collected the owed wages. 

           ARGUMENTS IN OPPOSITION  :    According to the Associated Builders  
          and Contractors of California, this bill sets out a revised  
          process where a public entity has a new duty to self-report  
          public works projects they deem to not be a works.  This bill  
          also extends the date that the Commissioner can assess  
          non-payment of prevailing wage penalties.

          Opponents believe this bill unreasonably extends contractor  
          exposure to legal challenges and liability for new fines and  
          penalties because the date actions can commence is based on when  
          the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement makes a  
          determination of whether or not a project is a public works.


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          The construction industry is just beginning to recover.   
          California also has some of the most stringent labor laws and  
          penalties for violating those requirements.  Opponents do not  
          see a reason to increase contractor liability at this time.  
           

          PQ:nk  5/23/13   Senate Floor Analyses 

                           SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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