BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó






                 Senate Committee on Labor and Industrial Relations
                                 Ted W. Lieu, Chair

          Date of Hearing: April 24, 2013              2013-2014 Regular  
          Session                              
          Consultant: Gideon L. Baum                   Fiscal:Yes
                                                       Urgency: No
          
                                   Bill No: SB 516
                                  Author: Steinberg
                        As Introduced/Amended: April 1, 2013
          

                                       SUBJECT
          
                      Foreign labor contractors: registration.


                                      KEY ISSUE

          Should the Legislature require foreign labor contractors to  
          register with the Labor Commissioner, as well as follow  
          additional contractual and bonding requirements?


                                      ANALYSIS
          
           Existing law  provides the following:

             1)   Every contract for the provision of employment services  
               to foreign workers shall be written in the primary language  
               of the foreign worker and shall include all material terms  
               including, all compensation or consideration to be provided  
               to the foreign worker; 
               (Business and Professions Code § 9998.2)

             2)   Any foreign labor contractor who recruits or solicits  
               without a bona fide job order and who does not then provide  
               employment for the foreign worker shall pay wages to the  
               foreign worker at the agreed rate of pay for the job to  
               which the foreign worker was being transported;
               (Business and Professions Code § 9998.5)

             3)   No foreign labor contractor shall make, publish, or  
               circulate any false, fraudulent, or misleading  
               representation or information concerning the terms or  









               conditions of employment at any place or places of  
               employment; 
             (Business and Professions Code § 9998.3)

             4)   No foreign labor contractor shall make promises or  
               otherwise induce a foreign worker to travel or accept  
               promises of employment by promising or providing assurances  
               of U.S. citizenship or permanent residency; (Business and  
               Professions Code § 9998.7)

           Existing law  also provides that anyone who violates any of the  
          above provisions is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine  
          of not more than $1,000, or imprisonment in the county jail for  
          not more than six months, or both.  (Business and Professions  
          Code § 9998.9(a))

           Existing law  provides that person aggrieved by a violation of  
          this chapter may bring an action for injunctive relief or  
          damages, or both. If the person aggrieved prevails on the  
          action, this person shall recover damages, costs, and reasonable  
          attorney's fees, but in no case shall recovery be less than five  
          hundred dollars ($500).  (Business and Professions Code §  
          9998.9(b))

           This bill  would create a registration process for foreign labor  
          contractors.  Specifically, this bill would:

             1)   Expand the definition of "employment services" provided  
               by a foreign labor contractor to include visa applications  
               and services provided outside of the United States;

             2)   On or after July 1, 2015, all persons acting as foreign  
               labor contractors must register with the Labor  
               Commissioner;

             3)   On or after August 1, 2015, the commissioner shall post  
               on its Internet Web site the names and contact information  
               for all registered foreign labor contractors and a list of  
               the names and contact information for any foreign labor  
               contractors denied renewal or registration.

             4)   Prohibits the Labor Commissioner from renewing or  
          Hearing Date:  April 24, 2013                            SB 516  
          Consultant: Gideon L. Baum                               Page 2

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               registering an individual as a foreign labor contractor  
               unless the following conditions are satisfied:

               a)     The individual has filed out an application approved  
                 by the Labor Commissioner that includes, among other  
                 things, a statement on how the applicant will operate as  
                 a foreign labor contractor, and the names and addresses  
                 of all financially-interested individuals in the foreign  
                 labor contractor operation;

               b)     The application includes a declaration consenting to  
                 the designation by a court or the Labor Commissioner as  
                 an agent available to accept service of summons in any  
                 action against the registrant, if the registrant has left  
                 the jurisdiction in which the action is commenced or  
                 otherwise has become unavailable to accept service;

               c)     The Labor Commissioner, after investigation, is  
                 satisfied as to the character, competency, and  
                 responsibility of the person; and

               d)     The individual has posted an appropriate bond and  
                 application filing fee, as specified.


           This bill  would also require an employer to disclose the  
          utilizing of the services of a foreign labor contractor to  
          procure foreign workers to the Labor Commissioner on or after  
          July 1, 2015.   Specifically, this bill would:  

             1)   Require the employer's disclosure to include, but not be  
               limited to, the following:
               a)     The names and addresses of all financially  
                 interested persons in the person's business enterprise,  
                 together with the amount of their respective interests.

               b)     A declaration consenting to the designation by a  
                 court of the commissioner as an agent available to accept  
                 service of summons in any action against the person, if  
                 the person has left the jurisdiction in which the action  
                 is commenced or otherwise has become unavailable to  
                 accept service.
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               c)     A copy of the foreign labor contractor's disclosure  
                 to all foreign workers;

               d)     Information about the steps the person has taken to  
                 verify the accuracy of the foreign labor contractor's  
                 disclosure regarding the employee's visa.

             1)   Prohibit an employer from entering into an agreement  
               with a foreign labor contractor that isn't registered;

             2)   Post an appropriate bond, as specified.

           This bill  would also require a foreign labor contractor to  
          ascertain and disclose the following to each foreign worker:

               a)     The identity of the employer and the identity of the  
                 person conducting the recruiting on behalf of the  
                 employer, including any subcontractor or agent involved  
                 in the recruiting;

               b)     A signed copy of the work contract, including all  
                 assurances and terms and conditions of employment, from  
                 the prospective employer for whom the foreign worker is  
                 being recruited;

               c)     The type of visa under which the foreign worker is  
                 to be employed, the length of time the visa is valid, and  
                 the terms and conditions under which the visa will be  
                 renewed with a clear statement of whether the employer  
                 will secure renewal of the visa or if renewal must be  
                 obtained by the foreign worker, and any expenses  
                 associated with securing or renewing the visa.

               d)     An itemized list of any costs or expenses to be  
                 charged to the foreign worker;

               e)     A statement, in a form specified by the Labor  
                 Commissioner, that states the rights of the foreign  
                 worker under both state and federal law.

               f)     Any education or training to be provided or  
          Hearing Date:  April 24, 2013                            SB 516  
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                 required;

               g)     Any other information that the commissioner may  
                 require by regulation.

           This bill  would also prohibit a foreign labor contractor  
          assessing fees for employment services or visa filing, or pay  
          any costs or expenses not charged workers similarly situated.

           This bill  would prohibit anyone from intimidating, threatening,  
          restraining, coercing, discharging, or in any action manner  
          discriminating against a foreign worker or his or her family  
          members from utilizing any of the rights delineated above.
           
          This bill  would add a civil penalty to violations of the above  
          provisions no less than $1,000 and no more than $25,000, and  
          also allows an aggrieved person or Labor Commissioner to bring  
          injunctive relief.

           This bill  would also provide that foreign labor contractors and  
          employers are jointly and severally liable for violations of the  
          above provisions.

           This bill  would also authorize the Labor Commissioner to enforce  
          the liability under the bond requirements.

           This bill  also contains findings, declarations, and minor and  
          conforming amendments.

                                      COMMENTS

          
          1.  Need for this bill?

            The Department of Homeland Security reports that California  
            has the largest population of temporary foreign workers in the  
            country at 130,000, or 14% of the national total.  All of  
            these workers are present legally with appropriate visas.   
            Most were brought into the country by legitimate and ethical  
            foreign labor contractors, seeking to address the labor needs  
            of a California employer.  However, some foreign labor  
            contractors are not so virtuous.
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            According to the author's office and advocates for victims of  
            human trafficking, there has been a marked increase in human  
            trafficking by foreign labor contractors through the misuse of  
            the visa system.  Specifically, advocates report that foreign  
            labor contractors charge exorbitant fees and charges for  
            legitimate and legal U.S. visas, forcing the foreign workers  
            and their families into a cycle of debt bondage.   
            Additionally, advocates state that the families of the foreign  
            workers often face retaliation and violence if the abused  
            foreign worker reports abuse.

            Advocates note, however, that the licensing of farm labor  
            contractors has cut down on human trafficking in the  
            agricultural industry, suggesting that the registration and  
            licensure of farm labor contractors has served as a partial  
            deterrent to unlawful labor practices.  SB 516 seeks to  
            replicate this deterrent effect among foreign labor  
            contractors by requiring registration by the contractor and  
            requesting employer, clear contractual requirements, bonding  
            requirements, and prohibitions on abusive fees and costs.

          2.  Possible Amendments:  

            On page 9, lines 14-20, discuss a notice requirement regarding  
            a contract protection for foreign workers.  However, this  
            requirement was not explicitly created.  Therefore, the  
            Committee may wish to consider the following amendment:
            On page 10, between lines 8 and 9, insert the following:

            (d) No additional requirements or changes may be made from the  
            terms of the contract originally signed by the foreign worker,  
            unless the foreign worker is provided at least 48 hours to  
            review and consider the additional requirements or changes and  
            the foreign worker gives specific consent, voluntarily and  
            without threat of penalty, to each additional requirement or  
            change.

          3.  Proponent Arguments  :
            
            Proponents argue that SB 516 takes a multi-prong approach to  
            preventing human trafficking in California by Foreign Labor  
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            recruiters. First, proponents note that foreign labor  
            contractors will be required to provide full and fair  
            information to foreign workers and that employers using the  
            services of foreign labor contractors to obtain workers will  
            be required to report those activities.  Proponents also note  
            that SB 516 prohibits any foreign labor contractor from  
            soliciting a foreign worker for a job in California in the  
            absence of a bona fide offer of employment.  Finally  
            proponents also note that, under SB 516, foreign labor  
            contractors, and employers using unregistered contractors,  
            will be subject to civil and criminal penalties for  
            violations. Aggrieved workers will have civil causes of action  
            against both contractors and employers to protect their rights  
            and help prevent future cases of exploitation.

          4.  Double Referral to Senate Committee on Judiciary:  

            If SB 516 is approved by this Committee, it will be referred  
            to the Senate Committee on Judiciary.

          5.  Opponent Arguments  :

            None on file.

          6.  Prior Legislation  :

            SB 1230 (DeSaulnier) of 2010 would have required the workplace  
            posting of two toll-free anti-human trafficking hotlines that  
            provide services in support of the elimination of slavery and  
            human trafficking.  SB 1230 was vetoed by Governor  
            Schwarzenegger.


                                       SUPPORT
          
          California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation
          Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking
          National Council of Jewish Women-California
          Religious Sisters of Charity
          Alliance to End Slavery and Trafficking
          Food Chain Workers Alliance
          
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                                     OPPOSITION
          
          None on file.





































          Hearing Date:  April 24, 2013                            SB 516  
          Consultant: Gideon L. Baum                               Page 8

          Senate Committee on Labor and Industrial Relations