BILL ANALYSIS Ó
SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
Senator Noreen Evans, Chair
2013-2014 Regular Session
SB 516 (Steinberg)
As Amended April 1, 2013
Hearing Date: April 30, 2013
Fiscal: Yes
Urgency: No
TW
SUBJECT
Foreign labor contractors: registration
DESCRIPTION
Existing law requires foreign labor contractors to provide to a
foreign worker the material terms of a work contract, prohibits
a foreign labor contractor from asserting false, fraudulent, or
misleading information, and prohibits retaliation by a foreign
labor contractor against a foreign worker, who makes a claim
against the foreign labor contractor for violations of the law.
This bill would expand those provisions by establishing new
foreign labor contractor registration requirements, requiring
additional disclosures to foreign workers, and clarifying
retaliation prohibitions.
This bill would also establish civil penalties, remedies,
including attorney's fees and costs, against individuals who
violate the provisions of this bill. This bill would also
authorize joint and several liability between foreign labor
contractors and those persons using their services to obtain
foreign workers or employees who violate the provisions in this
bill. This bill would authorize the Labor Commissioner to bring
a civil action on behalf of individuals harmed by foreign labor
contractors, and authorize an individual to file a civil action
for injunctive relief on behalf of the general public.
BACKGROUND
In 1988, after hearing testimony that labor agents were
recruiting foreign workers by making false representations and
promises of employment, the Legislature enacted AB 4554
(more)
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(Roybal-Allard, Ch. 1450, Stats. 1988) to address some of the
abuses by labor agents. AB 4554 contained disclosure and
contract requirements aimed at providing foreign labor workers
with information regarding their wages and other terms of
employment.
Since 1988, abusive treatment and working conditions of foreign
labor workers has continued. A recent study of labor practices
with respect to foreign labor workers in the United States found
that "regardless of visa category, employment sector, race,
gender or national origin, internationally recruited workers
face disturbingly common patterns of recruitment abuse,
including fraud, discrimination, severe economic coercion,
retaliation, blacklisting and, in some cases, forced labor,
indentured servitude, debt bondage and human trafficking." (The
American Dream Up For Sale: A Blueprint for Ending
International Labor Recruitment Abuse, The International Labor
Recruitment Working Group (Feb. 5, 2013)
[as of
Apr. 20, 2013], at p. 5.) This report concluded that "disparate
rules and requirements for workers, employers and recruiters, as
well as lax enforcement of the regulations that do exist, allow
and even incentivize recruiters and employers to engage in
abuses." (Id.)
According to the Office of Immigration Statistics within the
Department of Homeland Security, there were approximately
150,000 foreign temporary workers in California as of September
2011. (Office of Immigration Statistics, 2011 Yearbook of
Immigration Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security (Sept.
2012) (as of Apr. 20, 2013),
Supplemental Table 3 Nonimmigrant Admissions (I-94 Only) by
Class of Admission and State or Territory of Destination: Fiscal
Year 2011.) These foreign temporary workers maintain lawful
nonimmigration status and are authorized to work in California
under various classifications of federal work visas. However,
concerns have arisen that the visa process itself has provided
opportunities for labor recruiters to exploit foreign workers.
Existing federal law, the Trafficking Victim Protection Act of
2000 (TVPA) (P.L. 106-386, reauthorized by P.L. 113-4) combats
the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of
subjecting an individual to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt
bondage, or slavery. In order to further combat the growing
problem of foreign labor abuses, this bill would provide
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supplemental disclosure requirements, prohibitions on
mistreatment of foreign temporary workers, and authorize
additional enforcement actions.
This bill was heard by the Senate Committee on Labor and
Industrial Relations on April 24, 2013, and passed out on a vote
of 4-0.
CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
1. Existing law provides contract and disclosure requirements
and employment protections regarding a foreign labor
contractor's recruitment or solicitation of non-agricultural
foreign labor employees. (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 9998 et
seq.)
Existing law , for purposes of foreign labor contractor
statutes, defines "employment services" to include procuring
employment, marketing labor, or otherwise arranging the
employment or transportation, housing, and other living
accommodations for foreign workers either on behalf of those
workers or on behalf of another party. (Bus. & Prof. Code
Sec. 9998.1(c).)
This bill would add "processing visa applications" to the
above definition and include services performed outside the
United States.
This bill , as of January 1, 2015, would require the Labor
Commissioner (commissioner) to establish registration
requirements for a person acting as a foreign labor
contractor.
This bill , as of July 1, 2015, would require a person acting
as a foreign labor contractor to register with the
commissioner.
This bill , as of August 1, 2015, would require the
commissioner to post on its Internet Web site the names and
contact information for all registered foreign labor
contractors and a list of the names and contact information
for any foreign labor contractors denied renewal or
registration.
This bill would prohibit the registration or renewal of a
person acting as a foreign labor contractor unless all of the
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following conditions are satisfied:
the person has executed a written application in a form
prescribed by the commissioner, subscribed and sworn to by
the person, and containing all of the following: (1) a
statement by the person of all facts required by the
commissioner concerning the applicant's character,
competency, responsibility, and the manner and means by
which the person proposes to conduct operations as a
foreign labor contractor if registered; (2) the names and
addresses of all persons, except bona fide employees on
stated salaries, financially interested, either as
partners, associates, or profit sharers, in the proposed
operation as a foreign labor contractor, together with the
amount of their respective interests; and (3) a declaration
consenting to the designation by a court or the
commissioner as an agent available to accept service of
summons in any action against the registrant, if the
registrant has left the jurisdiction in which the action is
commenced or otherwise has become unavailable to accept
service;
the commissioner, after investigation, is satisfied as
to the character, competency, and responsibility of the
person;
the person has deposited with the commissioner a surety
bond, as specified, in an amount based on the size of the
person's annual gross receipts from operations as a foreign
labor contractor; however, if the foreign labor contractor
has been the subject of a final judgment in a year in an
amount equal to that of the bond required, that contractor
shall be required to deposit an additional bond within 60
days, and shall be conditioned on the foreign labor
contractor complying with all foreign labor contractor
requirements and paying all damages to any person by
failure to do so, or by any violation, or false statements
or misrepresentations made in the registration process.
The bond shall also be payable for interest on wages and
for any damages arising from violation of applicable orders
of the Industrial Welfare Commission, and for any other
monetary relief awarded to a foreign worker as a result of
a violation of law by the foreign labor contractor; and
the person has paid to the commissioner a registration
fee of $500 plus a $10 dollar filing fee.
This bill would prohibit the registration of a foreign labor
contractor who was found by a court, the Secretary of Labor,
or the commissioner to have violated any of the following
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provisions: (1) the federal Trafficking Victims Protection
Act of 2000 (Division A, Public Law 106-386), as amended
(TVPA); (2) Labor Code Sections 1682 to 1699; (3) Penal Code
Section 236.1; or (4) an applicable guest worker program.
2. Existing law requires every contract for the provision of
employment services to foreign workers to be written in the
primary language of the foreign worker and include all
material terms including, but not limited to, any and all
compensation or consideration to be provided to the foreign
worker in exchange for that worker's labor or services, any
wages, housing, transportation, other living accommodations,
and other benefits which are to be provided. (Bus. & Prof.
Code Sec. 9998.2.)
This bill would repeal the above provision.
This bill would require the Labor Commissioner, by January 1,
2015, to establish terms and procedures for the new disclosure
requirements provided in this bill.
This bill would require a person using the services of a
foreign labor contractor to procure foreign workers or
employees to disclose to the Labor Commissioner such use of a
foreign labor contractor. Such disclosure must include, but
is not limited to:
the names and addresses of all persons (except bona fide
employees on stated salaries) financially interested,
either as partners, associates, or profit sharers, in the
person's business enterprise, together with the amount of
their respective interests;
a declaration consenting to the judicial designation of
the Labor Commissioner as an agent available to accept
service of summons in any action against the person, if the
person has left the jurisdiction in which the action is
commenced or otherwise has become unavailable to accept
service;
a copy of the foreign labor contractor's disclosure to
all foreign workers or employees obtained by the person
through the services of the foreign labor contractor or its
agents; and
information about the steps the person has taken to
verify the accuracy of the information provided in the
foreign labor contractor's disclosure.
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This bill would prohibit a person from knowingly entering into
an agreement for the services of a foreign labor contractor
that is not registered.
This bill would require a person using or anticipating using
the services of a foreign labor contractor to deposit with the
Labor Commissioner a surety bond in an amount based on the
size of the person's annual payroll for all employees, as
specified, and provide that if the person has been the subject
of a final judgment in a year in an amount equal to that of
the bond required, that person must deposit an additional bond
within 60 days, and use of the bond will be conditioned on the
person complying with all the registration requirements and
paying all damages to any person by failure to do so, or by
any violation, or false statements or misrepresentations made
in complying with the registration requirements. The bond
shall also be payable for interest on wages and for any
damages arising from violation of applicable orders of the
Industrial Welfare Commission, and for any other monetary
relief awarded to a foreign worker as a result of a violation
of law by the person.
This bill would require a foreign labor contractor to
ascertain the primary language of each foreign worker and
disclose in writing in English and in the primary language of
the foreign worker being recruited, at the time of the foreign
worker's recruitment, the following information to each
foreign worker, who is recruited for employment:
the identity of the employer and the identity of the
person conducting the recruiting on behalf of the employer,
including any subcontractor or agent involved in the
recruiting;
a signed copy of the work contract, including all
assurances and terms and conditions of employment, from the
prospective employer for whom the foreign worker is being
recruited, including the compensation to be paid, the place
and period of employment, a description of the type and
nature of employment activities, any withholdings or
deductions from compensation, and any penalties for
terminating employment;
the type of visa under which the foreign worker is to be
employed, the length of time the visa is valid, and the
terms and conditions under which the visa will be renewed
with a clear statement of whether the employer will secure
renewal of the visa or if renewal must be obtained by the
foreign worker, and any expenses associated with securing
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or renewing the visa;
an itemized list of any costs or expenses to be charged
to the foreign worker, including, but not limited to, the
costs of housing or accommodation, transportation to and
from the worksite, meals, medical examinations, health care
or safety equipment costs, and any other costs, expenses,
or deductions to be charged the foreign worker;
a statement, in a form specified by the commissioner,
that does each of the following: (1) states that no
foreign labor contractor, or agent or employee of a foreign
labor contractor, can lawfully assess any fee, including
visa fees, processing fees, transportation fees, legal
expenses, placement fees, and other costs to a foreign
worker for employment services, and that the employer may
bear the costs or fees for the foreign labor contractor,
but that these fees cannot be assessed to the foreign
worker; (2) explains that no additional requirements or
changes may be made from the terms of the contract
originally signed by the foreign worker, unless the foreign
worker is provided at least 48 hours to review and consider
the additional requirements or changes and the foreign
worker gives specific consent, voluntarily and without
threat of penalty, to each additional requirement or
change; and (3) describes the protections afforded the
foreign worker under California law and by the TVPA, and
any applicable guest worker program, including relevant
information about the procedure for filing a complaint
under this chapter, and the telephone number for the
national human trafficking resource center hotline;
any education or training to be provided or required,
including the nature, timing, and cost of training and the
person who will pay training costs, whether the training is
a condition of employment, continued employment, or future
employment, and whether the foreign worker will be paid or
remunerated during the training period, including the rate
of pay or remuneration; and
any other information that the commissioner may require
by regulation.
This bill would prohibit a foreign labor contractor, or the
agent, subcontractor, or employee of a foreign labor
contractor, or a person using the services of a foreign labor
contractor to obtain foreign workers or employees, from
assessing any fee, including, but not limited to, visa fees,
processing fees, transportation fees, legal expenses,
placement fees, and other costs, to a foreign worker for
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employment services.
This bill would prohibit requiring a foreign worker to pay any
costs or expenses that are not customarily assessed against
all workers similarly employed, and prohibit requiring a
foreign worker to pay costs or expenses prior to the
commencement of work. This bill would limit the amount
charged for providing housing to the foreign worker to the
market rate for similar housing.
3. Existing law prohibits retaliation against a foreign worker
for exercising any right provided under the foreign labor
contractor laws. (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 9998.6.)
Existing law makes it a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of
up to $1,000 and/or six-month imprisonment, for causing or
inducing another to violate the foreign labor contractor laws
authorizes the commissioner or person harmed by a violation of
the foreign labor contractor laws. (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec.
9998.8(a).)
Existing law authorizes the commissioner or person harmed by a
violation of the foreign labor contractor laws to bring an
action for injunctive relief and damages, and authorizes an
award of damages, costs, and reasonable attorney's fees in an
amount no less than $500 to the prevailing victim. (Bus. &
Prof. Code Sec. 9998.8(b).)
This bill would also prohibit intimidation, threats,
restraint, coercion, discharge, and discrimination against a
foreign worker.
This bill would authorize a civil penalty, between $1,000 and
$25,000, per violation, in addition to any other civil
remedies available to the commissioner or person harmed by a
violation of the foreign labor contractor laws.
This bill would authorize the commissioner, in addition to the
harmed person, to:
bring an action for injunctive relief against a person
who violates the foreign labor contractor laws and, upon
prevailing, recover costs and reasonable attorney's fees;
bring an action for damages, against the person to
recover the greater of actual damages or $500 per employee
per violation for an initial violation, and $1,000 per
employee for each subsequent violation, and, upon
prevailing in the action, recover costs and reasonable
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attorney's fees; and
enforce the liability on the bonds of the foreign labor
contractor or employer's bonds.
This bill would make foreign labor contractors and those
persons using their services to obtain foreign workers or
employees jointly and severally liable.
This bill would state that nothing in the above provisions
should be construed to preempt or alter any other rights or
remedies, including any causes of action, available under any
other federal or state law.
This bill would authorize the commissioner, or deputies and
representatives authorized by the commissioner, to take
assignments of actions on the bonds and prosecute actions on
behalf of individuals who are harmed by violations of the
foreign labor contractor laws and who, in the judgment of the
commissioner, are financially unable to hire an attorney.
This bill would authorize a person, who, upon information and
belief, claims a violation of the foreign labor contractor
laws, to bring a civil action for injunctive relief on behalf
of the general public. This bill would authorize this person,
upon prevailing in such action, to recover attorney's fees and
costs.
This bill would make various related legislative findings and
declarations.
COMMENT
1. Stated need for the bill
The author writes:
Foreign labor contractors are increasingly relied upon to
facilitate the migration of labor from one country to another.
California is the leading destination state in the U.S. for
temporary foreign workers with over 100,000 temporary workers
annually.
While many contractors behave ethically and lawfully, others
do not. They misuse U.S. visa programs to exploit workers,
often charging exorbitant fees for their services, forcing
workers into debt bondage, falsifying documents, and deceiving
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workers about the terms and conditions of proposed employment.
Unscrupulous foreign labor contractors threaten workers with
blacklisting, discrimination, and other forms of retaliation,
including the imposition of additional fees and violence
against themselves, family members, or their home communities,
for reporting abuses or seeking to escape their fraudulently
induced servitude. Legislation is needed to prevent human
trafficking and forced labor of foreign workers in California
resulting from the exploitative and abusive practices of
foreign labor contractors.
2. Protection for foreign workers from discrimination and
retaliation
Existing law prohibits retaliation against a foreign worker for
exercising any right provided under the foreign labor contractor
laws. (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 9998.6.) This bill would clarify
that intimidation, threats, restraint, coercion, discharge, and
discrimination against a foreign worker are also unlawful. This
bill would also prohibit these actions from being taken against
the foreign worker's family members.
The Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (CAST), sponsor
of this bill, asserts that foreign workers entering California
on temporary work visas are vulnerable to exploitation and human
trafficking. Foreign labor contractors, after making false
promises to foreign workers to entice them to work in
California, employ intimidation, threats, restraint, and
coercion against foreign workers to enslave them in debt bondage
by charging exorbitant recruitment fees to the foreign worker,
who is then forced to work to pay off of the recruitment fees.
CAST provides the following examples:
In 2012, six Mexican workers were fraudulently recruited to
come to the United States to work in forestry. The recruiter
came to their small town in rural Mexico to convince the
workers to work in Northern California. The workers were
promised a good salary and free room and board in the United
States (U.S.). Relying on these promises the workers entered
the [U.S.] on H2B visas [nonimmigrant visas primarily issued
to foreign nationals to enter into the U.S. temporarily and
engage in nonagricultural employment which is seasonal,
intermittent, a peak load need, or a one-time occurrence]
arranged by the recruiters and traveled to California.
However, once in the [U.S.], their conditions were vastly
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different than promised. They were charged extremely high
deductions for room and board and were often not paid for
their labor. They were forced to live and work in dangerous
conditions, sleeping in tents in the wilderness, living
without electricity, and denied clean drinking water. The
workers were kept in terror of their traffickers, who were
armed and repeatedly threatened to shoot and kill the workers
if they did not comply with the traffickers' demands.
[Ten] Filipino hotel workers . . . were fraudulently induced
to come to the [U.S.] on H2B visas and work in California,
Arizona and Florida. The workers were induced to take out
high interest loans to pay the thousands of dollars charged by
the traffickers as placement fees. They were promised a good
salary, free room and board, and the chance to receive their
lawful permanent residence. Once in the [U.S.], the workers
were not paid what they were promised and faced high
deductions for room and board. When the workers complained
about their wages and attempted to seek other work, they were
threatened by their employers who repeatedly told them that
they would be arrested and deported if they left their jobs.
Terrified[,] the workers knew that they had no choice but to
continue to work for their traffickers against their will.
More than 250 Thai workers were fraudulently recruited to come
to the [U.S.] on temporary work visas. The recruiters induced
the workers to pay recruitment fees as high as $25,000 and
promised them lucrative jobs in agriculture work in the
[U.S.]. In the [U.S.], they were forced to work on farms in
Washington State and Hawaii by an agency that has offices in
California. The traffickers confiscated the workers'
passports and threatened them with deportation if they
complained. The Thai workers were often forced to live [in]
housing infested with rats and insects and [were] forbidden
from leaving the farm. They endured physical violence and
threats, which left them terrified of their traffickers.
The author further asserts that "businesses are profiting at the
expense of enslaved workers, often unwittingly. Businesses need
the additional information and support of the registration
systems to ensure they protect both [U.S.] workers [as] well as
those recruited internationally by foreign labor recruiters.
Companies who behave ethically and use registered foreign labor
recruiters will benefit from the system and not be liable.
Workers will benefit as well since they will be provided more
information and access to relief if they are abused while
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working in California. Moreover, in a broader context,
subjecting all employers who employ foreign workers to a common
standard will level the competitive playing field for
all-particularly the many businesses who do treat workers
fairly."
Importantly, existing law provides retaliation protection for
foreign employees. By clarifying that, in addition to the broad
category of retaliation, a foreign worker may not be
specifically intimidated, threatened, restrained, coerced,
discharged, or in any manner discriminated against for
exercising his or her rights under the law. This bill would
also protect the foreign worker from retaliatory threats of harm
against the worker's family members.
3. Civil penalties and remedies to plaintiff
Existing law authorizes the commissioner or person harmed by a
violation of the foreign labor contractor laws to bring an
action for injunctive relief and damages, and authorizes an
award of damages, costs, and reasonable attorney's fees in an
amount no less than $500 to the prevailing victim. (Bus. &
Prof. Code Sec. 9998.8(b).) This bill would modify this
provision and authorize a civil penalty, between $1,000 and
$25,000, per violation, to be assessed against a person in
violation of the foreign labor contractor laws, and would
authorize the Labor Commissioner or foreign worker to:
bring an action for injunctive relief against a person who
violates the foreign labor contractor laws and, upon
prevailing, recover costs and reasonable attorney's fees;
bring an action for damages, against the person to recover the
greater of actual damages or $500 per employee per violation
for an initial violation, and $1,000 per employee for each
subsequent violation, and, upon prevailing in the action,
recover costs and reasonable attorney's fees; and
enforce the liability on the bonds of the foreign labor
contractor or employer.
The author argues that a statutory civil penalty is necessary to
offset the large amounts of money that many foreign workers lose
as a result of the predatory tactics utilized by unscrupulous
foreign labor contractors, and to serve as a deterrent to those
defrauding these workers. Further, existing law authorizes farm
workers to file an action against an unlawful employer for
injunctive relief, damages, and attorney's fees. (See Lab. Code
Secs. 1697(b) and 1697.1(c).) Notably, this bill would provide
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the same rights of action and remedies as the Legislature has
already provided to farm workers.
4. Joint and several liability
This bill would make foreign labor contractors, and those
persons using their services to obtain foreign workers or
employees, jointly and severally liable for violations of the
foreign labor contractor laws. This provision is similar in
concept to Labor Code Section 2753, which imposes joint and
several liability on a person who, for money or other valuable
consideration, knowingly advises an employer to treat an
individual as an independent contractor to avoid employee
status.
Under this bill, a foreign labor contractor would be required to
register with the Labor Commissioner and would not be registered
or renewed unless the foreign labor contractor executes a
written application in a form prescribed by the commissioner.
This bill would also prohibit the registration of a foreign
labor contractor who was found by a court, the Secretary of
Labor, or the commissioner to have violated any of the following
provisions: (1) the federal Trafficking Victims Protection Act
of 2000 (Division A, Public Law 106-386), as amended (TVPA); (2)
Labor Code Sections 1682 to 1699; (3) Penal Code Section 236.1;
or (4) an applicable guest worker program.
If the Labor Commissioner, after investigation, is satisfied as
to the character, competency, and responsibility of the person,
the person posts a surety bond, and pays the registration fee,
the foreign labor contractor may be registered with the Labor
Commissioner. The contractor would then be listed on the Labor
Commissioner's Internet Web site as a registered foreign labor
contractor.
An employer seeking the assistance of a foreign labor contractor
to hire foreign workers would then be able to check the Labor
Commissioner's Web site to see which foreign labor contractors
have complied with the law and are registered, and which have
been denied registration. In the event an employer uses an
unregistered foreign labor contractor and is then subject to
liability for the contractor's unlawful conduct, the employer is
arguably partially responsible to the plaintiff because the
employer could have researched the Internet Web site and found a
registered contractor with whom to contract. This bill, by
making both the foreign labor contractor and the employer
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jointly and severally liable for violations of the foreign labor
contractor law, would provide additional deterrence from
unlawful conduct by unscrupulous foreign labor contractors and
employers who use their services.
5. Private attorney general right of action
This bill would authorize a person who, upon information and
belief, claims a violation of the foreign labor contractor laws
to bring a civil action for injunctive relief on behalf of the
general public. This bill would authorize this person, upon
prevailing in such action, to recover attorney's fees and costs.
This provision is substantially similar to the private attorney
general right of action provided to protect farm workers from
unlawful employment abuses. (See Lab. Code Sec. 1697.1(d).)
This bill would also authorize the Labor Commissioner, or
deputies and representatives authorized by the Labor
Commissioner, to take assignments of actions on the foreign
labor contractor's bonds and prosecute actions on behalf of
foreign workers who are harmed by violations of the foreign
labor contractor laws and who, in the judgment of the
commissioner, are financially unable to hire an attorney. This
provision is also modeled after the farm worker protections in
Labor Code Section 1693.
Arguably, providing for both an action by the Labor Commissioner
action and by a person on behalf of harmed workers is warranted
in order to effectively deter the debt bondage, exploitation,
and abuse of these disenfranchised workers. Because these
workers are often in fear for their physical and financial
wellbeing, they may not have the ability (or resources, given
the reported wage and recruitment fee abuse of these workers) to
file an action on their own behalf. Further, governmental
entities may not have the resources or time to go after all
foreign labor contractors and employers who violate these
worker's rights.
6. Amendments taken in prior committee
When this bill was heard by the Senate Committee on Labor and
Industrial Relations, the author agreed to take the following
amendment, which would provide explicit notice requirements, in
this Committee.
Author's amendment :
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On page 10, between lines 8 and 9, insert the following:
(d) No additional requirements or changes may be made from
the terms of the contract originally signed by the foreign
worker, unless the foreign worker is provided at least 48
hours to review and consider the additional requirements or
changes and the foreign worker gives specific consent,
voluntarily and without threat of penalty, to each
additional requirement or change.
Support : Alliance to End Slavery and Trafficking; American
Association of University Women - California; California Rural
Legal Assistance Foundation; Food Chain Workers Alliance;
National Council of Jewish Women - California; Pilipino Workers
Center of Southern California; Polaris Project; Religious of the
Sacred Heart of Mary; Religious Sisters of Charity; Thai
Community Development Center
Opposition : None Known
HISTORY
Source : Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking
Related Pending Legislation : None Known
Prior Legislation : AB 4554 (Roybal-Allard, Ch. 1450, Stats.
1988) See Background.
Prior Vote : Senate Committee on Labor and Industrial Relations
(Ayes 4, Noes 0)
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