BILL ANALYSIS Ó
SB 762
Page 1
Date of Hearing: June 18, 2013
ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS, PROFESSIONS AND CONSUMER
PROTECTION
Richard S. Gordon, Chair
SB 762 (Hill) - As Amended: June 4, 2013
SENATE VOTE : 31-2
SUBJECT : Secondhand goods: lost, stolen, or embezzled items.
SUMMARY : Provides that operating as an unlicensed secondhand
dealer and failing to report specified transactions of
secondhand goods may be considered criminal profiteering
activity or organized crime, clarifies the interests of licensed
pawnbrokers and secondhand dealers relating to the seizure and
disposition of property during a criminal investigation or case,
and subjects the profits of unlicensed trade in precious metals
to criminal forfeiture. Specifically, this bill :
1)Clarifies that if a peace officer has probable cause to
believe that specified property in the possession of a
licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer is lost, stolen, or
embezzled, the peace officer may place a hold on the property
not to exceed 90 days.
2)Provides that a 90-day hold is created upon receipt by a
licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer of a written notice
from a peace officer that contains the following:
a) An accurate description of the property being placed on
the 90-day hold;
b) An acknowledgment that the property is being placed on
hold as specified, and denoting whether physical possession
will remain with the licensed pawnbroker or secondhand
dealer or will be taken by the law enforcement agency
instituting the 90-day hold;
c) The law enforcement agency's police report or department
record number, if issued, for which the property is needed
as evidence; and,
d) The date the notice was delivered to the licensed
pawnbroker or secondhand dealer that initiates the
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specified notification period.
3)Provides that the hold will not exceed a period of 90 calendar
days, but may be renewed as specified.
4)Provides that the hold may be renewed as often as required for
a criminal investigation or criminal proceeding by any peace
officer who is a member of the same law enforcement agency as
the peace office placing the hold on the property.
5)Permits a peace officer to either take physical possession of
the property as evidence, consistent with a peace officer's
right to a plain view seizure for a criminal investigation or
criminal proceeding, or to leave the property in the
possession of the licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer as
a custodian on behalf of the law enforcement agency.
6)Requires the licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer to
maintain physical possession of the property placed on hold
and prohibits the property's release or disposal, except
pursuant to the written authorization signed by a peace
officer who is a member of the same law enforcement agency as
the peace officer placing the hold on the property.
7)Specifies that the hold terminates when the property is no
longer needed as evidence in a criminal investigation or
criminal proceeding at which time the property shall be
disposed of as specified.
8)Specifies that the hold shall not be applicable to secure
lost, stolen, or embezzled property found in the possession of
an unlicensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer that has not
duly and correctly reported the acquisition as specified, and
allows in such circumstance, a peace officer having probably
cause to believe the property found in the possession of an
unlicensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer is lost, stolen, or
embezzled, may seize the item or items consistent with the
legal authority granted to the peace officer.
9)Specifies that if property placed on hold is physically
surrendered or delivered to a law enforcement agency during
the period of the hold, the hold and the pawnbroker's lien
against the property shall continue.
10)Clarifies that whenever a law enforcement agency has
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knowledge that property in possession of a licensed pawnbroker
or secondhand dealer has been reported lost, stolen, or
embezzled, the law enforcement agency must within two business
days after placing a hold on the property notify the person in
writing who reported the property as lost, stolen or
embezzled.
11)Adds embezzled property to the list of property that may
require a hold.
12)Specifies that when property in possession of a licensed
pawnbroker or secondhand dealer which is subject to a hold is
no longer required for the purpose of an investigation or
criminal proceeding, the law enforcement agency that placed
the hold shall return the property to the licensed pawnbroker
or secondhand dealer from which it was taken if the law
enforcement agency took physical possession of the property.
13)Specifies that a licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer
shall not refuse a request to place property in their
possession on hold as specified when a peace officer has
probable cause to believe the property is lost, stolen, or
embezzled. If a licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer
refuses a request to place property on hold as specified, the
property may be seized with or without a warrant and the peace
officer shall issue a receipt as specified, left with the
licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer and specifies that
that property should be disposed of accordingly.
14)Specifies that if a search warrant is issued for the search
of a business of a licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer to
secure lost, stolen or embezzled property that has been placed
on hold, the hold shall continue for the duration that the
property remains subject to the court's jurisdiction and
specifies that when the property seized for a criminal
investigation or criminal proceeding has concluded the
property shall be disposed of as specified.
15)Specifies that if a civil or criminal court is called upon to
adjudicate the competing claims of a licensed pawnbroker or
secondhand dealer and another party claiming ownership or an
interest in the property that is or was subject to a hold as
specified, the court shall award the possession of the
property only after due consideration is given as specified.
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16)Specifies that a licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer is
not subject to civil liability for compliance as specified.
17)Specifies that if anyone makes a claim of ownership, the
person shall file a written statement, signed under penalty of
perjury, stating the factual basis upon which they claim
ownership or an interest in the property with person having
custody of the property shall notify the pawnbroker of the
claim by providing a true and correct copy of the claim to the
pawnbroker.
18)Specifies that in adjudicating the competing claims of a
pawnbroker and a person claiming ownership or an interest in
the property seized from a pawnbroker the adjudicating court
shall give due consideration to the specified effect on the
claim.
19)Specifies that at least 30 calendar days before any hearing
adjudicating any competing claims of a pawnbroker and a person
claiming ownership or an interest in the property, the person
having custody of the property shall deliver to the pawnbroker
a true and correct copy of the police report, redacted as may
be required by law and consistent with due process of law,
substantiating the basis of the seizure.
20)Specifies that organized crime also means the unlicensed
engagement in the business of a secondhand dealer or
pawnbroker as specified, while not reporting daily
acquisitions of secondhand property.
21)States that any specified violation of buying, selling,
trading, accepting for sale on consignment, accepting for
auctioning, or auctioning secondhand tangible personal
property as specified, including but not limited to gold,
silver, platinum, palladium, and jewelry made of gold, silver,
platinum, palladium or having any diamond, ruby, emerald, or
other precious stone, or any item containing sterling or fine
silver may be defined as criminal profiteering activity and
specifies that for any items which result in the forfeiture of
property, the funds shall be distributed in the following
manner: 50% shall be distributed to into the general fund of
the city, county, or city and county that instituted the
forfeiture, and 50% shall be distributed to the general fund
of the city, county, or city and county that prosecuted the
forfeiture.
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22)Exempts a secondhand dealer or pawnbroker from retrieval of
property which was a part of a criminal investigation, if
after receipt of the written advisement as specified, the
licensed pawnbroker or secondhand dealer willfully refuses to
consent to a statutory hold or a search warrant for the
business which has resulted in the seizure of the subjected
property.
23)Provides that the return of property by a law enforcement
agency required to be made to a person claiming to be entitled
to possession of a lost or stolen vehicle is not required if
the report of the theft or loss of the vehicle into the
automated property system preceded the report of the
acquisition of the property by a licensed pawnbroker.
24)States that no reimbursement is required by this bill
pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California
Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a
local agency or a school district will be incurred because
this bill creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a
crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or
infraction within the meaning of Section 17556 of the
Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within
the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California
Constitution.
25)Makes other technical, conforming and clarifying amendments.
EXISTING LAW :
1)Defines a secondhand dealer to mean and include "any person,
corporation, firm, or corporation whose business includes
buying, selling, trading, taking in pawn, accepting for sale
on consignment, accepting for auctioning or auctioning a
secondhand tangible personal property." (Business and
Professions Code (BPC) Section 21626)
2)Specifies that a secondhand dealer does not include a coin
dealer or participants at gun shows or events, as specified.
(BPC 21216)
3)Specifies that secondhand dealers are not persons who perform
the services of an auctioneer for a fee or salary or any
person whose business is limited to the reconditioning and
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selling of major household appliances, provided specified
conditions are met. (BPC 21626.5)
4)Specifies that tangible personal property includes, but is not
limited to, all secondhand tangible personal property which
bears a serial number or personalized initials or inscription
or which at the time it is acquired by the secondhand dealer,
bears evidence of having had a serial number or personalized
initials or inscription. (BPC 21627(a))
5)Specifies that tangible personal property may also include:
a) All tangible personal property new or used, including
motor vehicles, received in pledge as security for a loan
by a pawnbroker;
b) All tangible personal property that bears a serial
number or personalized initials or inscription which is
purchased by a secondhand dealer or pawnbroker or which, at
the time of such purchases, bears evidence of having had a
serial number or personalized initials or inscription; and
c) All personal property commonly sold by secondhand
dealers which statistically is found through crime reports
to the Attorney General (AG) to constitute a significant
class of stolen goods. A list of such personal property
shall be supplied by the AG to all local law enforcement
agencies as specified. (BPC 21627(b))
6)Requires every secondhand dealer or coin dealer as specified,
to report daily, or on the first working day after receipt or
purchase of secondhand tangible personal property, on forms or
through an electronic reporting system approved by the
Department of Justice (DOJ), all secondhand tangible personal
property, except for firearms, which he or she has taken in
trade or pawn, accepted for sale on consignment, or accepted
for auctioning to the chief of police or the sheriff as
specified. (BPC 21628)
7)Requires that whenever any peace officer has probable cause to
believe that property, except coin, monetized bullion, or
commercial grade ingots as specified, in the possession of
pawnbroker, secondhand dealer, or coin dealer is stolen, the
peace officer may place a hold on the property for a period of
time not to exceed 90 days and requires the peace officer to
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provide a specified written notice at the time of the hold.
(BPC 21647)
8)States that whenever a law enforcement agency has knowledge
that property in the possession of a pawnbroker, secondhand
dealer, or coin dealer has been reported as lost or stolen the
law enforcement agency shall notify the person in writing, who
reported the property lost or stolen, of the following:
a) The name, address, and telephone number of the
pawnbroker, secondhand dealer, or coin dealer who reported
the acquisition of the property;
b) That the law neither requires nor prohibits payment of a
fee or any other condition in return for the surrender of
the property, except that when the person who reported the
property lost or stolen does not choose to participate in
the prosecution of an alleged thief, the person shall pay
the pawnbroker, secondhand dealer, or coin dealer the
out-of-pocket expenses paid in the acquisition of the
property in return for the surrender of the property;
c) That if a person who reported the property as lost or
stolen takes no action to recover the property from the
pawnbroker, secondhand dealer, or coin dealer within 60
days of the mailing of the notice, the pawnbroker,
secondhand dealer, or coin dealer may treat the property as
other property received in the ordinary course of business
and during the 60-day notice period may not release the
property to any other person; and
d) That a copy of the notice, with the address of the
person who reported the property as lost or stolen deleted
[sic], will be mailed to pawnbroker, secondhand dealer, or
coin dealer who is in possession of the property. (BPC
21647)
9)Specifies that when property in the possession of a pawn
broker, secondhand dealer, or coin dealer is subject to a hold
as specified, and the property is no longer required for the
purpose of a criminal investigation, the law enforcement
agency that placed the hold on the property shall release the
hold on the property. (BPC 21647)
10)Specifies that whenever property that is alleged to have been
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stolen or embezzled is taken from a pawnbroker, the peace
officer, magistrate, court, clerk, or other person having
custody of the property shall not deliver the property to any
person claiming ownership unless specified provisions are
complied with. (Financial Code Section (FC) 21206.8)
11)Specifies that a pawnbroker shall not be liable to any person
for any property seized from the pawnbroker on account of the
pawnbroker's inability to return the property to that person
because of the seizure as specified. (FC 21206.8)
12)Defines criminal profiteering activity to mean "any act
committed or attempted or any threat made for financial gain
or advantage, which act or threat may be charged as
specified." (Penal Code (PC) Section 186.2)
13)Defines organized crime to mean "a crime that is of a
conspiratorial nature and that is either of an organized
nature and seeks to supply illegal goods and services such as
narcotics, prostitution, loan-sharking, gambling, and
pornography, or that, through planning and coordination of
individual efforts, seeks to conduct the illegal activities of
arson for profit, hijacking, insurance fraud, smuggling,
operation vehicle theft rings, fraud against the beverage
container recycling program, or systemically encumbering the
assets of a business for the purpose of defrauding creditors
and also means a crime committed by a street gang, false or
fraudulent activities, schemes or artifices as specified." (PC
186.2)
14)Requires forfeited cash and proceeds of the sale of forfeited
property to be distributed as follows:
a) To the bona fide or innocent purchaser, conditional
sales vendor, or holder of a valid lien, mortgage, or
security interest, up to the amount of his or her interest
in the property or proceeds, as specified;
b) To the Department of General Services or local
governmental entity for all expenditures incurred in
connection with the sale of the forfeited property;
c) To the State General Fund or the general fund of the
local governmental entity, whichever prosecutes;
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d) In a case of fraud involving the state recycling
program, to a special fund designated in the Public
Resources Code;
e) In the case of child pornography crimes, to the county
children's trust fund or State Children's Trust Fund; and,
f) In a case involving the use of a minor for prostitution
or related commercial sex acts, to the Victim-Witness
Assistance Fund for child sexual exploitation and abuse
counseling and prevention programs; 50 percent of the funds
shall be granted to community-based organizations that
serve minor victims of human trafficking. (PC 186.8)
FISCAL EFFECT : Unknown
COMMENTS :
1)Purpose of the bill . This bill is intended to reduce the
amount of unlicensed and unregulated activity in the purchase
and sale of secondhand goods, particularly those involving
precious metals, by making the operations of an unlicensed
secondhand dealer a "criminal profiteering activity", and
adding failure of an unlicensed secondhand dealer to provide
the required reports to local law enforcement to the
definition of "organized crime." The profits of such
activities would become subject to criminal forfeiture.
SB 762 also provides a new level of due process protection for
pawnbrokers and secondhand dealers to ensure that they receive
or retain certain property which is no longer a part of a
criminal investigation. Finally, it specifies a new formula
for certain property obtained by forfeiture to be disbursed to
certain public funds or agencies. This bill is sponsored by
the California Pawnbroker's Association.
2)Author's statement . According to the author, "This bill
attempts to curb the illegal trade in gold, silver, gems, and
other items that are subject to the pawn and secondhand dealer
license requirements. Licensed secondhand dealers are
required to report to local law enforcement daily all
transactions of this type. DOJ must also be notified daily.
Perhaps more importantly these items must be held for 30 days
for the purpose of inspection by law enforcement. Law
enforcement knows exactly where to go to inspect because the
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items must be available at the permanent address of the
licensee. None of the gold buying models mentioned above can
or do comply. Additionally the bill describes to manner in
which police may put an unlimited number of 90-day "holds" on
merchandize suspected of being "lost, stolen, or embezzled"
and it should be noted that the police may physically take
possession of such items, but the status of the item is still
a hold, this preserves the property interest of the lender who
has perfected a lien on the property."
3)Regulation of secondhand dealers and pawnbrokers . A
secondhand dealer includes a person, business or corporation
whose main purpose is to buy, sell, trade, take in pawn,
accept for sale on consignment, or accept for auction,
secondhand tangible personal property. Current law
specifically exempts certain individuals from the definition
of a secondhand dealer, including coin dealers, certain
auctioneers and certain appliance repair persons.
City and county licensing agencies have been delegated the
responsibility to implement the State Secondhand Dealer and
State Pawnbroker licensing process through local programs. As
part of this implementation, a local licensing agency (usually
a sheriff or chief of police) is required to accept an
application from any person desiring to be licensed as a
secondhand dealer or pawnbroker within their jurisdiction.
Prior to the granting of a license, the local agencies are
required to submit the secondhand dealer or pawnbroker
"application package" to DOJ for processing. DOJ completes
the background check and issues the appropriate license number
to the local authority requesting the license. An initial
application for local licensure consists of fingerprints, a
licensing fee and evidence of a surety bond. Secondhand
dealers and pawnbrokers are required to renew their licenses
biannually and submit a new application packet each renewal.
Once secondhand dealers and pawnbrokers have received the
appropriate license from the local agency, in addition to any
other business licenses or permits needed to operate, they are
eligible to sell a wide variety of tangible personal property.
Under current law, if someone is operating as a secondhand
dealer without a license they are subject to punishment for
unlawful conduct. If a person knows or should have known they
were committing a violation, they can be penalized by a fine
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of up to $1,500 or imprisonment in the county jail for two
months or both for the first offense, a fine of up to $5,000
and imprisonment in the county jail or both for the second
offence, and a fine of up to $25,000 and imprisonment in
county jail up to six months or both for the third offense.
This bill strengthens the penalties for operating without a
secondhand dealer's or pawnbroker's license by making
unlicensed activity part of the definitions of criminal
profiteering and organized crime. The net result would be to
decrease the prevalence of unlicensed activity because of the
increased penalties, and also to allow law enforcement to
seize the assets of those operations and distribute them
between the local agencies responsible for instituting and
prosecuting the forfeiture.
4)Problems with unlicensed activity . There have been some
examples provided by the author's office noting a recent
increase in businesses that operate without a secondhand
dealer's or pawnbroker's license where sellers may quickly
obtain cash for property, often gold or other precious metals.
According to an August 10, 2010 article from The Daily News of
Los Angeles, "Law enforcement and local governments are
scrambling to shut down a shadow industry that has sprung from
the booming cash-for-gold business nationwide: Thieves are
snatching jewelry, then converting it into a quick payday at
the shops." Unlicensed entities that promise "cash-for-gold"
are not reporting the items they receive to the appropriate
law enforcement entity, nor are they holding them for the
appropriate time, which may potentially destroy or eliminate
any chance for law enforcement to recover stolen or illegal
items.
In a September 22, 2012 news story in the San Bernardino County
Sun, it was reported that leaders in the City of Rialto have
placed a moratorium on new cash-for-gold shops due to an
increase of thefts. According to the article, officials say
that robbers sell the stolen goods at such cash-for-gold
stores which are more lax than pawn shops in verifying the
merchandise brought in. "Currently, pawn shops are required
to hold the items for 30 days before selling them, which gives
investigators time to find out if they are stolen."
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This bill would increase law enforcement's ability to remove the
profit from these unscrupulous businesses by allowing law
enforcement to deem such businesses to be "organized crime",
which would permit such agencies to seize and distribute the
assets of the business to the general funds of local
governments.
5)Reporting requirements for secondhand good . When secondhand
dealers or pawnbrokers take in items, whether buying outright
or loaning money and holding for collateral, they are required
to report daily or on the first working day after they have
taken possession of an item on a "JUS 123" standardized form
which must be completed for each item purchased, taken in
trade, taken in pawn or accepted for sale on consignment. The
forms require very specific information including name and
identification of the seller, a description of the property,
(such as serial numbers or other identifying marks),
certification of ownership, certification that the seller's
knowledge of the item is correct, and a fingerprint. Once
completed, a copy is provided to local law enforcement, and a
copy is retained by the dealer. This is to help ensure that
items received by a secondhand dealer or pawnbroker are not
stolen.
Further, to protect the licensees and consumers who may have
been victims of crime of theft, any item received by a
secondhand dealer or pawnbroker is required to be held for 30
days. This allows sufficient time for the appropriate law
enforcement entities to review the items received and
determine if they have been reported stolen or are a part of
some other criminal probe.
This bill attempts to address the problem of individuals who
have not established a legitimate business relationship with
local law enforcement and are operating as a secondhand dealer
or pawnbroker without submitting the required paperwork or
holding items as required by current law by essentially making
the operation of these businesses without licenses a form of
organized crime. This may help to protect consumers who have
had items stolen by prosecuting those unlicensed individuals
who do not follow the appropriate steps in current law and do
not hold or report the property for the appropriate law
enforcement background checks.
Currently, secondhand dealers and pawnbrokers must report on
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the standardized "JUS 123" form by hand. AB 391 (Pan) Chapter
172, Statutes of 2012 required secondhand dealers and coin
dealers to help fund a new electronic reporting system which
was developed by DOJ. Secondhand dealers and pawnbrokers will
utilize an electronic database in which they will enter the
information required in an electronic format, in lieu of
submitting the "JUS-123" and that information will be
available for all law enforcement agencies in a searchable
format. Once the system is up and running, the information
may be easier for law enforcement to search and retrieve lost
or stolen property. Currently, the uniform electronic
reporting system is still in the contracting/production phase,
and its implementation date is not certain.
6)Due process procedures for the "90 day hold" . Current law
allows a peace officer who has probable cause to believe
property in the possession of a secondhand dealer or pawn
broker is lost or stolen with the authority to place a hold on
the item for 90 days and requires the peace officer to provide
written notice about the item placed on hold. This bill
updates the 90-day hold process by requiring law enforcement
to follow additional procedures when retrieving an item that
is thought to be lost, stolen or embezzled. Current law
provides due process procedures for a pawnbroker to challenge
a competing claim to ownership of property seized by law
enforcement. In an effort to encourage individual and
businesses to become actively licensed as a secondhand or
pawnbroker business, this bill updates and clarifies law
enforcement's existing authority to remove property and would
provide additional due process requirements for the final
disposition of property that is the subject of competing
claims by a purported property owner and pawnbroker.
7)Arguments in support . The California Pawnbrokers Association
writes in support, "The problem of illegal and unlicensed gold
buyers is affecting every community in California. This
activity takes advantage of the public, and is an impediment
to the rightful return of stolen property, and makes effective
law enforcement and prosecution of many tangible personal
property crimes nearly impossible. This bill will provide the
means for more vigorous prosecution of these crimes that are
afflicted upon the California citizenry."
8)Arguments in opposition . The California District Attorneys
Association (CDAA) writes in opposition, "CDAA is concerned
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with the language in the bill that governs the issuance of
search warrants?before an officer could make a seizure, this
bill would require that he or she has given the pawnbroker
written notification as part of placing the item on hold.
Jurisprudence surrounding the lawful issuance of search
warrants is a balance between the right to be free from
unlawful searches and the necessity of law enforcement to
enforce the law and protect the public. The fiscal interests
of one particular industry should not trump this carefully
struck balance and respectfully, we feel this measure unduly
restricts the ability of law enforcement to do its job."
9)Double-referred . This bill is double referred to the Assembly
Public Safety Committee.
10)Comments for the Committee . The Committee should note that
the substantial majority of the content of this bill deals
with matters subject to the jurisdiction of the Assembly
Public Safety Committee. As such, this Committee may wish to
focus its consideration on matters related to the licenses
themselves.
For example, the Committee may wish to consider whether or not
it is appropriate generally to increase the penalties for
unlicensed practice, given that serious penalties are already
available. Moreover, the Committee may wish to consider
whether or not it is appropriate to directly equate unlicensed
practice with organized crime, absent some evidence of an
intention to engage in organized crime. The Committee may
also wish to inquire of the author and sponsor to produce data
demonstrating the extent of the problem beyond isolated news
reports. Finally, the Committee may wish to discuss the
fragmentary nature of oversight for secondhand goods dealer
and pawnbroker licensees, and whether greater regulation of
these licensees is warranted.
Separately, the Committee may wish to discuss whether, and to
what extent, it is possible that individual hosts of private
"cash for gold" parties could unwittingly fall victim to the
expanded definitions such that a suburban Tupperware party
that dabbles in gold becomes - legally speaking - an organized
crime ring.
11)Previous legislation . AB 391 (Pan) Chapter 172, Statutes of
2012, requires secondhand dealers and coin dealers to report
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certain information using the electronic reporting system
developed by DOJ on and after the date that the system is
implemented.
AB 1796 (Galgiani) of 2012, would have included in the
definition of criminal profiteering activity the unlicensed
sale of tangible personal property or other secondhand goods,
including gold and other precious metals, without a license.
This bill failed passage in the Assembly Public Safety
Committee.
AB 704 (Ma) of 2011 would have required that a person
conducting business as a secondhand dealer to provide
specified information to any peace officer upon demand allow
for the storage of the item for up to 90 days, and required an
impounding agency to satisfy specified requirements regarding
impounded property and further would have authorized a
nonprofit association composed of 50 or more licensed
secondhand dealers to bring an action to enjoin a person from
conducting business as a secondhand dealer without being
licensed. This bill was held in the Assembly Judiciary
Committee.
SB 1520 (Schiff), Chapter 994, Statutes of 2000, makes the
reporting system for pawned and secondhand property more
effective for law enforcement purposes through development of
specified reporting categories and reporting in electronic
form.
REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION :
Support
California Pawnbrokers Association (sponsor)
California Police Chiefs Association, Inc. (04/15/13 version)
One individual
Opposition
California District Attorneys Association
One individual
Analysis Prepared by : Elissa Silva / B.,P. & C.P. / (916)
319-3301
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