Amended in Assembly June 11, 2014

Amended in Senate May 27, 2014

Amended in Senate May 13, 2014

Senate Bill No. 924

Introduced by Senators Beall and Lara

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(Coauthor: Assembly Member Skinner)

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January 29, 2014

An act to amend Section 340.1 of, and to add Section 340.105 to, the Code of Civil Procedure, begin insert and to amend Section 905 of the Government Code, end insert relating to damages.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST

SB 924, as amended, Beall. Damages: childhood sexual abuse: statute of limitations.

Existing law requires that an action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of childhood sexual abuse, as defined, be commenced within 8 years of the date the plaintiff attains the age of majority or within 3 years of the date the plaintiff discovers or reasonably should have discovered that psychological injury or illness occurring after the age of majority was caused by sexual abuse, whichever occurs later. Existing law provides that certain actions may be commenced on and after the plaintiff’s 26th birthday if specified conditions are met.

This bill would establish 2 separate statute of limitations for an action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of childhood sexual abuse. An action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of childhood sexual abuse occurring prior to January 1, 2015, would be subject to the above provisions of existing law. An action involving childhood sexual abuse occurring on or after January 1, 2015, would be required to be commenced within 22 years of the date the plaintiff attains the age of majority, or within 3 years of the date the plaintiff discovers or reasonably should have discovered that psychological injury or illness occurring after the age of majority was caused by the sexual abuse, whichever period expires later.

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The Government Claims Act sets forth the general procedure for presentation of a claim for money or damages against local public entities. This act also enumerates excepted categories of claims, including certain claims for the recovery of damages suffered as a result of childhood sexual abuse arising out of conduct occurring on or after January 1, 2009.

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This bill would clarify that the same exception applies regardless of which statute of limitation is controlling.

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Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: no. State-mandated local program: no.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1.  

Section 340.1 of the Code of Civil Procedure is
amended to read:

340.1.  

(a) In an action for recovery of damages suffered as a
result of childhood sexual abuse that occurred prior to January 1,
2015, the time for commencement of the action shall be within
eight years of the date the plaintiff attains the age of majority or
within three years of the date the plaintiff discovers or reasonably
should have discovered that psychological injury or illness
occurring after the age of majority was caused by the sexual abuse,
whichever period expires later, for any of the following actions:

(1) An action against any person for committing an act of
childhood sexual abuse.

(2) An action for liability against any person or entity who owed
a duty of care to the plaintiff, where a wrongful or negligent act
by that person or entity was a legal cause of the childhood sexual
abuse that resulted in the injury to the plaintiff.

(3) An action for liability against any person or entity where an
intentional act by that person or entity was a legal cause of the
childhood sexual abuse that resulted in the injury to the plaintiff.

(b) (1) No action described in paragraph (2) or (3) of
subdivision (a) may be commenced on or after the plaintiff’s 26th
birthday.

(2) This subdivision does not apply if the person or entity knew
or had reason to know, or was otherwise on notice, of any unlawful
sexual conduct by an employee, volunteer, representative, or agent,
and failed to take reasonable steps, and to implement reasonable
safeguards, to avoid acts of unlawful sexual conduct in the future
by that person, including, but not limited to, preventing or avoiding
placement of that person in a function or environment in which
contact with children is an inherent part of that function or
environment. For purposes of this subdivision, providing or
requiring counseling is not sufficient, in and of itself, to constitute
a reasonable step or reasonable safeguard.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any claim for
damages described in paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (a) that
is permitted to be filed pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision
(b) that would otherwise be barred as of January 1, 2003, solely
because the applicable statute of limitations has or had expired, is
revived, and, in that case, a cause of action may be commenced
within one year of January 1, 2003. Nothing in this subdivision
shall be construed to alter the applicable statute of limitations
period of an action that is not time barred as of January 1, 2003.

(d) Subdivision (c) does not apply to either of the following:

(1) Any claim that has been litigated to finality on the merits in
any court of competent jurisdiction prior to January 1, 2003.
Termination of a prior action on the basis of the statute of
limitations does not constitute a claim that has been litigated to
finality on the merits.

(2) Any written, compromised settlement agreement that has
been entered into between a plaintiff and a defendant where the
plaintiff was represented by an attorney who was admitted to
practice law in this state at the time of the settlement, and the
plaintiff signed the agreement.

(e) “Childhood sexual abuse” as used in this section includes
any act committed against the plaintiff that occurred when the
plaintiff was under 18 years of age and that would have been
proscribed by Section 266j of the Penal Code; Section 285 of the
Penal Code; paragraph (1) or (2) of subdivision (b), or of
subdivision (c), of Section 286 of the Penal Code; subdivision (a)
or (b) of Section 288 of the Penal Code; paragraph (1) or (2) of
subdivision (b), or of subdivision (c), of Section 288a of the Penal
Code; subdivision (h), (i), or (j) of Section 289 of the Penal Code;
Section 647.6 of the Penal Code; or any prior laws of this state of
similar effect at the time the act was committed. Nothing in this
subdivision limits the availability of causes of action permitted
under subdivision (a), including causes of action against persons
or entities other than the alleged perpetrator of the abuse.

(f) Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the
otherwise applicable burden of proof, as defined in Section 115
of the Evidence Code, that a plaintiff has in a civil action subject
to this section.

(g) Every plaintiff 26 years of age or older at the time the action
is filed shall file certificates of merit as specified in subdivision
(h).

(h) Certificates of merit shall be executed by the attorney for
the plaintiff and by a licensed mental health practitioner selected
by the plaintiff declaring, respectively, as follows, setting forth
the facts that support the declaration:

(1) That the attorney has reviewed the facts of the case, that the
attorney has consulted with at least one mental health practitioner
who is licensed to practice and practices in this state and who the
attorney reasonably believes is knowledgeable of the relevant facts
and issues involved in the particular action, and that the attorney
has concluded on the basis of that review and consultation that
there is reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of the action.
The person consulted may not be a party to the litigation.

(2) That the mental health practitioner consulted is licensed to
practice and practices in this state and is not a party to the action,
that the practitioner is not treating and has not treated the plaintiff,
and that the practitioner has interviewed the plaintiff and is
knowledgeable of the relevant facts and issues involved in the
particular action, and has concluded, on the basis of his or her
knowledge of the facts and issues, that in his or her professional
opinion there is a reasonable basis to believe that the plaintiff had
been subject to childhood sexual abuse.

(3) That the attorney was unable to obtain the consultation
required by paragraph (1) because a statute of limitations would
impair the action and that the certificates required by paragraphs
(1) and (2) could not be obtained before the impairment of the
action. If a certificate is executed pursuant to this paragraph, the
certificates required by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be filed within
60 days after filing the complaint.

(i) Where certificates are required pursuant to subdivision (g),
the attorney for the plaintiff shall execute a separate certificate of
merit for each defendant named in the complaint.

(j) In any action subject to subdivision (g), no defendant may
be served, and the duty to serve a defendant with process does not
attach, until the court has reviewed the certificates of merit filed
pursuant to subdivision (h) with respect to that defendant, and has
found, in camera, based solely on those certificates of merit, that
there is reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of the action
against that defendant. At that time, the duty to serve that defendant
with process shall attach.

(k) A violation of this section may constitute unprofessional
conduct and may be the grounds for discipline against the attorney.

(l) The failure to file certificates in accordance with this section
shall be grounds for a demurrer pursuant to Section 430.10 or a
motion to strike pursuant to Section 435.

(m) In any action subject to subdivision (g), no defendant may
be named except by “Doe” designation in any pleadings or papers
filed in the action until there has been a showing of corroborative
fact as to the charging allegations against that defendant.

(n) At any time after the action is filed, the plaintiff may apply
to the court for permission to amend the complaint to substitute
the name of the defendant or defendants for the fictitious
designation, as follows:

(1) The application shall be accompanied by a certificate of
corroborative fact executed by the attorney for the plaintiff. The
certificate shall declare that the attorney has discovered one or
more facts corroborative of one or more of the charging allegations
against a defendant or defendants, and shall set forth in clear and
concise terms the nature and substance of the corroborative fact.
If the corroborative fact is evidenced by the statement of a witness
or the contents of a document, the certificate shall declare that the
attorney has personal knowledge of the statement of the witness
or of the contents of the document, and the identity and location
of the witness or document shall be included in the certificate. For
purposes of this section, a fact is corroborative of an allegation if
it confirms or supports the allegation. The opinion of any mental
health practitioner concerning the plaintiff shall not constitute a
corroborative fact for purposes of this section.

(2) Where the application to name a defendant is made prior to
that defendant’s appearance in the action, neither the application
nor the certificate of corroborative fact by the attorney shall be
served on the defendant or defendants, nor on any other party or
their counsel of record.

(3) Where the application to name a defendant is made after
that defendant’s appearance in the action, the application shall be
served on all parties and proof of service provided to the court,
but the certificate of corroborative fact by the attorney shall not
be served on any party or their counsel of record.

(o) The court shall review the application and the certificate of
corroborative fact in camera and, based solely on the certificate
and any reasonable inferences to be drawn from the certificate,
shall, if one or more facts corroborative of one or more of the
charging allegations against a defendant has been shown, order
that the complaint may be amended to substitute the name of the
defendant or defendants.

(p) The court shall keep under seal and confidential from the
public and all parties to the litigation, other than the plaintiff, any
and all certificates of corroborative fact filed pursuant to
subdivision (n).

(q) Upon the favorable conclusion of the litigation with respect
to any defendant for whom a certificate of merit was filed or for
whom a certificate of merit should have been filed pursuant to this
section, the court may, upon the motion of a party or upon the
court’s own motion, verify compliance with this section by
requiring the attorney for the plaintiff who was required by
subdivision (h) to execute the certificate to reveal the name,
address, and telephone number of the person or persons consulted
with pursuant to subdivision (h) that were relied upon by the
attorney in preparation of the certificate of merit. The name,
address, and telephone number shall be disclosed to the trial judge
in camera and in the absence of the moving party. If the court finds
there has been a failure to comply with this section, the court may
order a party, a party’s attorney, or both, to pay any reasonable
expenses, including attorney’s fees, incurred by the defendant for
whom a certificate of merit should have been filed.

(r) The amendments to this section enacted at the 1990 portion
of the 1989-90 Regular Session shall apply to any action
commenced on or after January 1, 1991, including any action
otherwise barred by the period of limitations in effect prior to
January 1, 1991, thereby reviving those causes of action which
had lapsed or technically expired under the law existing prior to
January 1, 1991.

(s) The Legislature declares that it is the intent of the Legislature,
in enacting the amendments to this section enacted at the 1994
portion of the 1993-94 Regular Session, that the express language
of revival added to this section by those amendments shall apply
to any action commenced on or after January 1, 1991.

(t) Nothing in the amendments to this section enacted at the
1998 portion of the 1997-98 Regular Session is intended to create
a new theory of liability.

(u) The amendments to subdivision (a) of this section, enacted
at the 1998 portion of the 1997-98 Regular Session, shall apply
to any action commenced on or after January 1, 1999, and to any
action filed prior to January 1, 1999, and still pending on that date,
including any action or causes of action which would have been
barred by the laws in effect prior to January 1, 1999. Nothing in
this subdivision is intended to revive actions or causes of action
as to which there has been a final adjudication prior to January 1,
1999.

SEC. 2.  

Section 340.105 is added to the Code of Civil
Procedure, immediately following Section 340.1, to read:

340.105.  

(a) In an action for recovery of damages suffered as
a result of childhood sexual abuse that occurred on or after January
1, 2015, the time for commencement of the action shall be within
22 years of the date the plaintiff attains the age of majority or
within three years of the date the plaintiff discovers or reasonably
should have discovered that psychological injury or illness
occurring after the age of majority was caused by the sexual abuse,
whichever period expires later, for any of the following actions:

(1) An action against any person for committing an act of
childhood sexual abuse.

(2) An action for liability against any person or entity who owed
a duty of care to the plaintiff, where a wrongful or negligent act
by that person or entity was a legal cause of the childhood sexual
abuse that resulted in the injury to the plaintiff.

(3) An action for liability against any person or entity where an
intentional act by that person or entity was a legal cause of the
childhood sexual abuse that resulted in the injury to the plaintiff.

(b) (1) No action described in paragraph (2) or (3) of
subdivision (a) may be commenced on or after the plaintiff’s 40th
birthday.

(2) This subdivision does not apply if the person or entity knew
or had reason to know, or was otherwise on notice, of any unlawful
sexual conduct by an employee, volunteer, representative, or agent,
and failed to take reasonable steps, and to implement reasonable
safeguards, to avoid acts of unlawful sexual conduct in the future
by that person, including, but not limited to, preventing or avoiding
placement of that person in a function or environment in which
contact with children is an inherent part of that function or
environment. For purposes of this subdivision, providing or
requiring counseling is not sufficient, in and of itself, to constitute
a reasonable step or reasonable safeguard.

(c) “Childhood sexual abuse” as used in this section includes
any act committed against the plaintiff that occurred when the
plaintiff was under 18 years of age and that would have been
proscribed by Section 266j of the Penal Code; Section 285 of the
Penal Code; paragraph (1) or (2) of subdivision (b), or of
subdivision (c), of Section 286 of the Penal Code; subdivision (a)
or (b) of Section 288 of the Penal Code; paragraph (1) or (2) of
subdivision (b), or of subdivision (c), of Section 288a of the Penal
Code; subdivision (h), (i), or (j) of Section 289 of the Penal Code;
Section 647.6 of the Penal Code; or any prior laws of this state of
similar effect at the time the act was committed. Nothing in this
subdivision limits the availability of causes of action permitted
under subdivision (a), including causes of action against persons
or entities other than the alleged perpetrator of the abuse.

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the
otherwise applicable burden of proof, as defined in Section 115
of the Evidence Code, that a plaintiff has in a civil action subject
to this section.

(e) Every plaintiff 40 years of age or older at the time the action
is filed shall file certificates of merit as specified in subdivision
(f).

(f) Certificates of merit shall be executed by the attorney for
the plaintiff and by a licensed mental health practitioner selected
by the plaintiff declaring, respectively, as follows, setting forth
the facts that support the declaration:

(1) That the attorney has reviewed the facts of the case, that the
attorney has consulted with at least one mental health practitioner
who is licensed to practice and practices in this state and who the
attorney reasonably believes is knowledgeable of the relevant facts
and issues involved in the particular action, and that the attorney
has concluded on the basis of that review and consultation that
there is reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of the action.
The person consulted may not be a party to the litigation.

(2) That the mental health practitioner consulted is licensed to
practice and practices in this state and is not a party to the action,
that the practitioner is not treating and has not treated the plaintiff,
and that the practitioner has interviewed the plaintiff and is
knowledgeable of the relevant facts and issues involved in the
particular action, and has concluded, on the basis of his or her
knowledge of the facts and issues, that in his or her professional
opinion there is a reasonable basis to believe that the plaintiff had
been subject to childhood sexual abuse.

(3) That the attorney was unable to obtain the consultation
required by paragraph (1) because a statute of limitations would
impair the action and that the certificates required by paragraphs
(1) and (2) could not be obtained before the impairment of the
action. If a certificate is executed pursuant to this paragraph, the
certificates required by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be filed within
60 days after filing the complaint.

(g) Where certificates are required pursuant to subdivision (e),
the attorney for the plaintiff shall execute a separate certificate of
merit for each defendant named in the complaint.

(h) In any action subject to subdivision (e), no defendant may
be served, and the duty to serve a defendant with process does not
attach, until the court has reviewed the certificates of merit filed
pursuant to subdivision (f) with respect to that defendant, and has
found, in camera, based solely on those certificates of merit, that
there is reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of the action
against that defendant. At that time, the duty to serve that defendant
with process shall attach.

(i) A violation of this section may constitute unprofessional
conduct and may be the grounds for discipline against the attorney.

(j) The failure to file certificates in accordance with this section
shall be grounds for a demurrer pursuant to Section 430.10 or a
motion to strike pursuant to Section 435.

(k) In any action subject to subdivision (e), no defendant may
be named except by “Doe” designation in any pleadings or papers
filed in the action until there has been a showing of corroborative
fact as to the charging allegations against that defendant.

(l) At any time after the action is filed, the plaintiff may apply
to the court for permission to amend the complaint to substitute
the name of the defendant or defendants for the fictitious
designation, as follows:

(1) The application shall be accompanied by a certificate of
corroborative fact executed by the attorney for the plaintiff. The
certificate shall declare that the attorney has discovered one or
more facts corroborative of one or more of the charging allegations
against a defendant or defendants, and shall set forth in clear and
concise terms the nature and substance of the corroborative fact.
If the corroborative fact is evidenced by the statement of a witness
or the contents of a document, the certificate shall declare that the
attorney has personal knowledge of the statement of the witness
or of the contents of the document, and the identity and location
of the witness or document shall be included in the certificate. For
purposes of this section, a fact is corroborative of an allegation if
it confirms or supports the allegation. The opinion of any mental
health practitioner concerning the plaintiff shall not constitute a
corroborative fact for purposes of this section.

(2) Where the application to name a defendant is made prior to
that defendant’s appearance in the action, neither the application
nor the certificate of corroborative fact by the attorney shall be
served on the defendant or defendants, nor on any other party or
their counsel of record.

(3) Where the application to name a defendant is made after
that defendant’s appearance in the action, the application shall be
served on all parties and proof of service provided to the court,
but the certificate of corroborative fact by the attorney shall not
be served on any party or their counsel of record.

(m) The court shall review the application and the certificate of
corroborative fact in camera and, based solely on the certificate
and any reasonable inferences to be drawn from the certificate,
shall, if one or more facts corroborative of one or more of the
charging allegations against a defendant has been shown, order
that the complaint may be amended to substitute the name of the
defendant or defendants.

(n) The court shall keep under seal and confidential from the
public and all parties to the litigation, other than the plaintiff, any
and all certificates of corroborative fact filed pursuant to
subdivision (l).

(o) Upon the favorable conclusion of the litigation with respect
to any defendant for whom a certificate of merit was filed or for
whom a certificate of merit should have been filed pursuant to this
section, the court may, upon the motion of a party or upon the
court’s own motion, verify compliance with this section by
requiring the attorney for the plaintiff who was required by
subdivision (f) to execute the certificate to reveal the name, address,
and telephone number of the person or persons consulted with
pursuant to subdivision (f) that were relied upon by the attorney
in preparation of the certificate of merit. The name, address, and
telephone number shall be disclosed to the trial judge in camera
and in the absence of the moving party. If the court finds there has
been a failure to comply with this section, the court may order a
party, a party’s attorney, or both, to pay any reasonable expenses,
including attorney’s fees, incurred by the defendant for whom a
certificate of merit should have been filed.

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begin insert SEC. 3. end insert   

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begin insert Section 905 of the end insert begin insert Government Code end insert begin insert is amended to
read: end insert

905.  

There shall be presented in accordance with begin delete Chapter 1
(commencing with Section 900) end delete begin insert this chapter end insert and Chapter 2
(commencing with Section 910) all claims for money or damages
against local public entities except any of the following:

(a) Claims under the Revenue and Taxation Code or other statute
prescribing procedures for the refund, rebate, exemption,
cancellation, amendment, modification, or adjustment of any tax,
assessment, fee, or charge or any portion thereof, or of any
penalties, costs, or charges related thereto.

(b) Claims in connection with which the filing of a notice of
lien, statement of claim, or stop notice is required under any law
relating to liens of mechanics, laborers, or materialmen.

(c) Claims by public employees for fees, salaries, wages,
mileage, or other expenses and allowances.

(d) Claims for which the workers’ compensation authorized by
Division 4 (commencing with Section 3200) of the Labor Code is
the exclusive remedy.

(e) Applications or claims for any form of public assistance
under the Welfare and Institutions Code or other provisions of law
relating to public assistance programs, and claims for goods,
services, provisions, or other assistance rendered for or on behalf
of any recipient of any form of public assistance.

(f) Applications or claims for money or benefits under any public
retirement or pension system.

(g) Claims for principal or interest upon any bonds, notes,
warrants, or other evidences of indebtedness.

(h) Claims that relate to a special assessment constituting a
specific lien against the property assessed and that are payable
from the proceeds of the assessment, by offset of a claim for
damages against it or by delivery of any warrant or bonds
representing it.

(i) Claims by the state or by a state department or agency or by
another local public entity or by a judicial branch entity.

(j) Claims arising under any provision of the Unemployment
Insurance Code, including, but not limited to, claims for money
or benefits, or for refunds or credits of employer or worker
contributions, penalties, or interest, or for refunds to workers of
deductions from wages in excess of the amount prescribed.

(k) Claims for the recovery of penalties or forfeitures made
pursuant to Article 1 (commencing with Section 1720) of Chapter
1 of Part 7 of Division 2 of the Labor Code.

(l) Claims governed by the Pedestrian Mall Law of 1960 (Part
1 (commencing with Section 11000) of Division 13 of the Streets
and Highways Code).

(m) Claims made pursuant to Section 340.1 begin insert and 340.105 end insert of the
Code of Civil Procedure for the recovery of damages suffered as
a result of childhood sexual abuse. This subdivision shall apply
only to claims arising out of conduct occurring on or after January
1, 2009.

(n) Claims made pursuant to Section 701.820 of the Code of
Civil Procedure for the recovery of money pursuant to Section
26680.

(o) Claims made pursuant to Section 49013 of the Education
Code for reimbursement of pupil fees for participation in
educational activities.