BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó




                   Senate Appropriations Committee Fiscal Summary
                            Senator Kevin de León, Chair


          SB 1258 (DeSaulnier) - Controlled substances: prescriptions:  
          reporting.
          
          Amended: April 23, 2014         Policy Vote: B&P 7-2, PS 5-1
          Urgency: No                     Mandate: No
          Hearing Date: May 12, 2014      Consultant: Brendan McCarthy
          
          This bill meets the criteria for referral to the Suspense File.
          
          
          Bill Summary: SB 1258 would make several changes to the ways  
          that controlled substances are prescribed and tracked. The bill  
          would require medical providers to use electronic prescribing  
          systems, require additional reporting of controlled substance  
          prescribing to the state, and place additional restrictions on  
          the prescribing of controlled substances.

          Fiscal Impact: 
              Unknown increase in costs for health information technology  
              upgrades by the Department of State Hospitals (General  
              Fund). The Department is in the early stages of a process to  
              implement electronic health records, which will include an  
              electronic prescribing function. However, the new system is  
              not scheduled to be complete by the deadline for electronic  
              prescribing in this bill. If it is feasible for the  
              Department to accelerate its electronic health record  
              implementation, this bill will likely increase the costs to  
              do so by shortening the available time. The cost to  
              accelerate the project is unknown at this time.

              Unknown additional costs to the Medi-Cal program (General  
              Fund and federal funds). By imposing a mandate to use  
              electronic prescribing on medical providers, the bill is  
              likely to increase operational costs to those providers that  
              have not yet adopted electronic health records and  
              electronic prescribing. To the extent that this bill  
              increases costs to Medi-Cal providers, such providers may  
              seek and be granted increased rates for Medi-Cal services.  
              While the Medi-Cal program does not generally pay providers  
              directly based on their costs to provide services,  
              substantial increases in costs to providers may result in  
              upward pressure on Medi-Cal rates.








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              Potentially significant information technology and staff  
              costs for increased utilization of the CURES system by the  
              Department of Justice (General Fund). By adding Schedule V  
              drugs to CURES the bill is likely to significantly increase  
              the number of reported prescriptions. Given the recent  
              problems with CURES, it is not known whether the system  
              (even with recent increases in funding) will be able to  
              handle increased workload without additional resources.

          Background: Under current law, the California Department of  
          Justice manages the Controlled Substances Utilization Review and  
          Evaluation System (CURES). This system is used to track  
          prescriptions of Schedule II, III, and IV drugs. Pharmacies are  
          required to submit information on those prescriptions when they  
          are dispensed. Prescribers (such as physicians), law enforcement  
          personnel, and regulatory agencies are authorized to access  
          CURES. For example, a physician (who has been approved by the  
          Department of Justice) can access CURES to review whether a  
          patient has already been prescribed controlled substances before  
          issuing a new prescription.

          The 2011 Budget Act eliminated General Fund support for CURES.  
          To date, the Department of Justice has received funding from  
          licensing boards to maintain the system. According to the  
          Department of Justice, the current CURES computer system is slow  
          and prone to delays in providing reports. In addition, limited  
          staff availability mean that requests from providers or law  
          enforcement often take several weeks to get a response from the  
          Department. About 9,000 prescribers have signed up for access to  
          CURES, which is about only 4% of the eligible licensed providers  
          in the state. SB 809 (DeSaulnier, Statutes of 2013) raised  
          licensing fees on health care providers by $6 to fund the CURES  
          system and requires health care providers who can prescribe or  
          furnish controlled substances to apply for access to the CURES  
          system by January 1, 2016. In addition, CURES is currently being  
          upgraded to address shortcomings in usability and reliability,  
          at a cost of $3.4 million.

          Under current federal law and regulation, health care providers  
          who use electronic prescribing systems (typically as part of a  
          larger electronic health record system) are required to meet  
          stringent standards set by the Drug Enforcement Agency.  
          According to a provider of electronic prescription applications,  








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          about 35 percent of prescriptions in the state were sent  
          electronically in 2013.

          Proposed Law: SB 1258 would make several changes to the ways  
          that controlled substances are prescribed and tracked.

          Specific provisions of the bill would:
              Authorize a Schedule II controlled substance to be orally  
              or electronically transmitted by a prescriber's agent;
              Limit the prescribing or furnishing of a controlled  
              substance for specified conditions to a 90-day supply;
              Limit prescriptions and refills of Schedule III or IV  
              controlled substances to a total of a 120-day supply;
              Prohibit a the prescription or dispensing of a controlled  
              substance within 30 days of the issuance of a previous  
              prescription until the user has exhausted all but a  
              seven-day supply remaining from the previous prescription;
              Generally require prescriptions for Schedule II, III, IV,  
              or V controlled substances to be made by an electronic  
              prescription that complies with federal Drug Enforcement  
              Agency regulations by January 1, 2016;
              Require medical practices with two or fewer physicians or  
              providers in certain underserved rural areas to comply with  
              electronic prescribing requirements by January 1, 2017;
              Require prescribing and dispensing of Schedule V controlled  
              substance to be reported to CURES;
              Allow limited oral or written prescribing of controlled  
              substances under certain circumstances (such a when there is  
              a technological failure or the pharmacists is outside  
              California);
              Require hospitals and pharmacies to accept electronic  
              prescriptions;
              Authorize Department of Consumer Affairs investigators to  
              access CURES data with probable cause;
              Prohibit the prescribing or dispensing of a controlled  
              substance in a quantity that is more than a 30-day supply,  
              with specified exceptions.

          Related Legislation: SB 500 (Lieu) would require the Medical  
          Board to update prescriber standards for controlled substances  
          periodically. That bill is pending in the Assembly.











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