BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                     AB 141


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          CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS


          AB  
          141 (Bonilla)


          As Amended  September 4, 2015


          Majority vote


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          |ASSEMBLY:  |      | (June 3,      |SENATE: | 35-4 | (September 9,   |
          |           |53-26 |2015)          |        |      |2015)            |
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          Original Committee Reference:  ED.


          SUMMARY:  Prohibits, commencing with hiring for the 2016-17  
          school year, a school district, county office of education  
          (COE), or charter school from charging a beginning teacher a fee  
          to participate in a beginning teacher induction program.  


          The Senate amendments:


          1)Delete the requirement for a school district, COE or charter  
            school to provide beginning teachers with a program of  
            beginning teacher induction.


          2)Specify that a beginning teacher includes a teacher with a  
            preliminary multiple or single subject teaching credential, or  
            a preliminary education specialist credential.









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          3)Add Legislative findings and declarations about the burden  
            that teacher induction fees have on beginning teachers and how  
            those burdens will affect the state's teacher shortage.


          EXISTING LAW: 


          1)Requires a teacher to complete one of the following beginning  
            teacher induction programs in order to obtain a clear multiple  
            or single subject teaching credential:


             a)   A program of beginning teacher support and assessment  
               approved by the commission and the Superintendent, a  
               provision of the Marian Bergeson Beginning Teacher Support  
               and Assessment System.


             b)   An alternative program of beginning teacher induction  
               that is provided by one or more local educational agencies  
               and has been approved by the commission and the  
               Superintendent on the basis of initial review and periodic  
               evaluations of the program in relation to appropriate  
               standards of credential program quality and effectiveness  
               that have been adopted by the commission, the  
               Superintendent, and the state board. 


             c)   An alternative program of beginning teacher induction  
               that is sponsored by a regionally accredited college or  
               university, in cooperation with one or more local school  
               districts, that addresses the individual professional needs  
               of beginning teachers and meets the commission's standards  
               of induction. 


          2)Specifies that if a candidate satisfies the requirements,  
            including completion of an accredited internship program of  
            professional preparation, and if that internship program  
            fulfills induction standards and is approved, the commission  








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            shall determine that the candidate has fulfilled the induction  
            requirements.


          3)Specifies that if an approved induction program is verified as  
            unavailable to a beginning teacher, or if the beginning  
            teacher is required under the federal No Child Left Behind Act  
            to complete subject matter coursework to be qualified for a  
            teaching assignment, the commission shall accept completion of  
            an approved clear credential program after completion of a  
            baccalaureate degree at a regionally accredited institution as  
            fulfilling the induction requirements.


          FISCAL EFFECT:  According to the Senate Appropriations  
          Committee, this bill's costs will ultimately depend upon the  
          number of beginning teachers and the cost of the program.  These  
          figures range and fluctuate from year to year.  Assuming a  
          program cost of roughly $5,000 and total teacher preparation  
          program enrollment for 2012-13 of 19,933, this bill could drive  
          reimbursable state mandate costs of about $100 million annually  
          for LEAs to provide new teachers induction programs.  The  
          Commission on State Mandates may identify some offsetting costs  
          at least in the 2015-16 fiscal year.  The California Department  
          of Education (CDE) indicates that ensuring new teachers are  
          provided induction programs and that they are not being charged  
          a fee to participate could be included as a monitoring protocol  
          in the Title II Federal Program Monitoring process.  This is not  
          anticipated to result in significant costs to the CDE.


          COMMENTS:  Commencing with hiring for the 2016-17 school year,  
          this bill requires a school district, COE or charter school  
          hiring a beginning teacher to provide that teacher with an  
          induction program.  If a district does not operate an induction  
          program for its teachers, it is unclear how teachers at that  
          district will be served.  It is potentially possible that  
          teachers at districts that do not operate an induction program  
          may have trouble finding an induction program locally, since  
          neighboring districts may not allow them in their program due to  
          the fact that the district is prohibited from charging a fee.   
          These teachers would be forced to pay for a Clear Credential  








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          program at an institution of higher education.


          Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment (BTSA) Background:   
          According to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC),  
          induction for new teachers in California has evolved in  
          significant ways over its 25-year history.  The BTSA program was  
          established as a result of a pilot study conducted during  
          1988-1992 by the CTC and the CDE.  This pilot study, known as  
          the California New Teacher Project demonstrated that the state  
          could increase beginning teacher retention, success and  
          effectiveness, by providing all new teachers with structured  
          mentoring and support.  After considerable legislative  
          discussion of the pilot project report, the Governor and the  
          Legislature established the BTSA Program in the 1992-93 State  
          Budget.  At that time, the program was a grant program designed  
          to support new teachers and was not a credential requirement for  
          teachers.


          The successes of the California New Teacher Project grant  
          programs influenced the CTC appointed Advisory Panel which  
          conducted a review of the requirements for earning and renewing  
          teaching credentials.  Their recommendations were embodied in  
          the passage of SB 2042 (Alpert), Chapter 548, Statutes of 1998,  
          which created a two-tiered teaching credential system,  
          significantly changed the BTSA program by establishing induction  
          as the second tier in California's teacher preparation and  
          credentialing system and instituting the completion of a  
          standards based induction program as a path toward the Clear  
          Credential for Multiple and Single Subject credentials. 


          In 2004, the Legislature mandated a CTC-approved Induction  
          program, if available, as the required route for Multiple and  
          Single Subject teachers to obtain a clear teaching credential.  
          Legislation clarified that, if an induction program is verified  
          as unavailable by a beginning teacher's employer or the teacher  
          needed to complete content area coursework for No Child Left  
          Behind (NCLB), then the teacher may complete a  
          Commission-approved Clear Credential program sponsored by a  
          college or university.








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          From 1995 until 2009 BTSA Induction programs operated with  
          dedicated annual funding based on a per-participating teacher  
          allocation (with a required local educational agency (LEA)  
          in-kind match).  In February 2009 the State Budget provided LEAs  
          with spending flexibility.  LEAs were able to use funds from  
          about 40 categorical programs, including the Teacher  
          Credentialing Block Grant of which the BTSA Induction program  
          was a part, for any educational purpose for a five year period.   
          This statute created greater program funding flexibility and  
          removed the in-kind requirement but continued the funding to  
          local education agencies that sponsor CTC approved BTSA  
          Induction programs.


          Since the 2009 onset of flexible funding provisions, a number of  
          Commission-approved programs have become inactive or withdrawn  
          since the per-participant funding ended.  Of specific interest  
          in terms of statewide program equity, access and parity is the  
          issue of induction programs charging beginning teachers to  
          participate.  The induction programs sponsored by colleges or  
          universities have always charged tuition.  A few LEA-based  
          induction programs were approved by the Commission after 2009  
          and never received any per participant state funding.  These  
          programs, sponsored by charter schools, have always charged  
          candidates.  An additional reality that appears to be surfacing  
          is the fact that some programs are "capping" the number of new  
          teachers they will serve, resulting in inequities within a  
          district as some new teachers receive induction services and  
          others are faced with having to search and pay for induction  
          services outside of their district or teach, largely  
          unsupported, in a classroom for a year or more until they reach  
          the top of the program's waiting list. 


          According to the author, some districts and COEs are requiring  
          teachers to pay for their participation in induction programs,  
          placing heavy financial burdens on teachers just starting their  
          careers.  According to data collected by the CTC, induction  
          providers are charging new teachers up to $2,500 a year for the  
          two-year program.  The fee is significant for teachers whose  








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          profession is underpaid. Furthermore, some school districts are  
          covering the full cost of induction, not putting any additional  
          financial burdens on their new teachers, creating an unequal  
          playing field for teachers who have identical experiences,  
          education, and credentials.  According to data collected by the  
          CTC, induction fee policies vary greatly around the state.  Some  
          LEAs continue to offer induction for free to their beginning  
          teachers, while others are charging up to $2,500 a year for the  
          two year program. 


          Induction Options to Obtain a Clear Teaching Credential:   
          Completion of an approved Induction Program is the primary route  
          to attaining a clear teaching credential.  If an employed  
          teacher (employer is defined as a California public school, any  
          school that is sponsored by a private California K12 school,  
          nonpublic, nonsectarian school or agency, charter school, or a  
          school operated under the direction of a California state  
          agency) does not have an Induction Program available to them  
          then the teacher may enroll in a Clear Credential Program.   
          Currently there are 22 Commission-approved Clear Credential  
          programs operating in California (3 California State  
          Universities, 3 Universities of California, and 16 private and  
          independent institutions).  


          Induction Fees:  The CTC conducted a survey of CTC-approved  
          induction programs and received 126 responses out of 165  
          programs.  Of the survey respondents, 11.5% of LEA sponsored  
          induction programs reported that they charged fees to induction  
          participants in 2014-15.  This equates to 2,063 participants who  
          paid fees out of 17,907 total participants at respondent LEAs.   
          Respondents reported the per year fees range from $390 to  
          $3,350.


          Analysis Prepared by:                                             
                          Chelsea Kelley / ED. / (916) 319-2087  FN:  
          0002346











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