BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
                             Senator Ricardo Lara, Chair
                            2015 - 2016  Regular  Session

          AB 329 (Weber) - Pupil instruction: sexual health education.
          
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          |Version: April 13, 2015         |Policy Vote: ED. 5 - 2          |
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          |Urgency: No                     |Mandate: Yes                    |
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          |Hearing Date: July 13, 2015     |Consultant: Jillian Kissee      |
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          This bill meets the criteria for referral to the Suspense File.


          Bill  
          Summary:  This bill: (1) requires all students to receive  
          comprehensive sexual health education twice between grades 7  
          through 12; and (2) modifies and expands the existing HIV  
          prevention instruction mandate. 


          Fiscal  
          Impact:  Unknown, but costs likely at least in the low millions  
          (Proposition 98) to expand the existing mandate.  Costs are  
          minor and absorbable to the California Department of Education.
           This bill would expand what school districts are able to claim  
            as a reimbursable state mandate under the existing mandate,  
            regardless of whether this instruction is already being  
            provided.  It also requires school districts to incorporate  
            new components in their comprehensive sexual health and HIV  
            prevention education programs, or create a comprehensive  
            sexual health program if they do not offer one already.  Costs  
            would vary by school district.  See staff comments.  








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     Background:1)  Current law authorizes school districts to provide comprehensive  
          sexual health education, as specified, consisting of  
          age-appropriate instruction, in any grade, using instructors  
          trained in the appropriate courses.  School districts that elect  
          to offer comprehensive sexual health education must meet all of  
          the specified criteria.  (Education Code § 51933)

          Current law requires school districts to ensure that all  
          students in grades 7-12 receive HIV/AIDS prevention education,  
          as specified, from instructors trained in the appropriate  
          courses.  Each student must receive this instruction at least  
          once in junior high or middle school and at least once in high  
          school.  (EC § 51934)


          Current law also provides that parents have the right to excuse  
          their child from all or part of comprehensive sexual health  
          education, HIV/AIDS prevention education, and assessment related  
          to that education.  Current law requires school districts to  
          notify the parent of each student about instruction in sexual  
          health and HIV/AIDS prevention and research on student health  
          behaviors and risks planned for the coming year.  (EC § 51938)




          Proposed Law:  
            This bill establishes the California Healthy Youth Act which:  
          (1) requires all students to receive comprehensive sexual health  
          education at least twice between grades 7 through 12; and (2)  
          modifies and expands the existing HIV/AIDS prevention  
          instruction mandate.  Specifically this bill:

             1.   Expands the existing HIV/AIDS prevention instruction  
               mandate by:
                  a.        Merging existing permissive comprehensive  
                    sexual health education requirements into new  
                    mandatory requirements for both comprehensive sexual  
                    health education and HIV prevention education.

                  b.        Applying existing mandated HIV prevention  
                    education requirements to comprehensive sexual health  
                    education.








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          Additionally, this bill:
             2.   Expands an existing requirement that periodic in-service  
               training be planned and conducted for school personnel who  
               provide instruction in HIV prevention to include training  
               on comprehensive sexual health education.

             3.   Requires all outside consultants and guest speakers have  
               expertise in comprehensive sexual health education, in  
               addition to HIV prevention education, and knowledge of the  
               most recent medically accurate research on relevant topics  
               in the instruction.

             4.   Clarifies the existing parental opt-out, and  
               specifically prohibits school districts from requiring  
               active parental consent.

             5.   Sets forth additional criteria which comprehensive  
               sexual health education and HIV prevention education must  
               satisfy, including but not limited to: instructional  
               materials must align to specified purposes for this  
               instruction, be inclusive of same-sex relationships, teach  
               students about gender expression and identity, and provide  
               students with knowledge and skills they need to form  
               healthy relationships that are free from violence,  
               coercion, and intimidation.

             6.   Sets forth additional requirements for what  
               comprehensive sexual health education and HIV prevention  
               education must include, such as: information about  
               decreasing needle use and sharing to reduce HIV  
               transmission, treatment of sexually transmitted infections  
               and HIV, including antiretroviral therapy, information on  
               all legally available pregnancy outcomes, and sex  
               trafficking.


          Related  
          Legislation:  AB 517 (Gallagher, 2015) requires school districts  
          to provide time for parents to inspect educational materials  
          used in sexual health education and HIV/AIDS prevention  
          education, authorizes parents to make copies at the school of  
          written materials, and requires existing parental notification  
          to include information about the expertise of any guest speaker  








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          providing this education.  AB 517 is pending in this committee.


          Staff  
          Comments:  This bill expands the existing HIV prevention  
          education mandate (known as AIDS Instruction and AIDS Prevention  
          Instruction) by including comprehensive sexual health education  
          in its provisions; requiring existing permissive requirements  
          for comprehensive sexual health education to become mandatory  
          and to also apply to HIV prevention; and adding more content  
          that must be included in this instruction.  These additional  
          requirements generally include having instruction satisfy  
          certain criteria, include specified components, requiring  
          outside speakers to have certain expertise, and clarifying the  
          parental opt-out process which could lead to updating annual  
          notices.
          Consistent with the previous determinations by the Commission on  
          State Mandates (Commission) regarding the AIDS instruction  
          mandate, the Commission is likely to also determine the  
          requirements in this bill to be a higher level of service and  
          therefore a reimbursable state mandate.  School districts will  
          likely claim additional staff costs in the following areas,  
          based on the existing mandate: 


                 In-service training for school district employees  
               assigned the responsibility for HIV prevention and  
               comprehensive sexual health instruction in grades 7-12. 

                 The salaries and benefits of non-classroom district  
               employees and the reasonable costs of consultants who  
               provide expanded instruction on HIV prevention and  
               comprehensive sexual health education. 

                 The costs of planning for the expanded instruction on  
               HIV prevention and comprehensive sexual health education  
               and in-service training. 

                 The costs incurred to select and pay for instructional  
               materials that align to the provisions of this bill, both  
               one-time and ongoing.

                 Providing notification to parents or guardians each time  
               a guest speaker or assembly on HIV prevention and  








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               comprehensive sexual health instruction is scheduled. 

                 One-time cost of revising the annual parent notification  
               regarding instruction on topics included in this bill and  
               clarification to the parental opt-out process. 



          According to data from the State Controller's Office, program  
          costs attributed to this mandate have been around $1.5 million.   
          Because this bill significantly expands the existing mandate,  
          costs would likely increase.
          In 2002, the Commission found that Chapter 403, Statutes of 1998  
          imposes new activities on school districts by adding  
          instructional content to the AIDS prevention instruction and  
          altering the parent/guardian notification requirements.  This  
          created the second AIDS mandate.  Similarly, this bill increases  
          and alters the content of the HIV prevention instruction by  
          introducing new required topics into the curriculum, the largest  
          being comprehensive sexual health education.  


          According to the California Department of Education, many school  
          districts already incorporate comprehensive sexual health  
          education with the required HIV prevention instruction.  If  
          deemed a mandate, this bill would allow even those school  
          districts currently in compliance with the proposed law to claim  
          reimbursement from the state.  To the extent school districts  
          are not already in compliance, they would have to update their  
          programs.



          Assuming about one quarter of schools would need to purchase new  
          instructional materials to align to the requirements of this  
          bill, costs in the initial year would be about $800,000, and  
          $500,000 per year for subsequent years.  To the extent school  
          districts are not already being reimbursed for integrated  
          comprehensive sexual health education and HIV education  
          instructional materials under the existing mandate, costs could  
          significantly increase.  Assuming one teacher per school with  
          grades 7 through 12 receive professional development in the  
          additional required instruction, costs would be about $2.4  
          million.  Finally, if these same teachers spent just ten hours  








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          per year planning for the expanded instruction, costs would be  
          about $3 million.  This does not include expenses for  
          non-classroom district employees and costs of outside  
          consultants providing this education or additional expenses  
          related to parent notifications.  


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