BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó





                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                         Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson, Chair
                             2015-2016  Regular  Session


          AB 506 (Maienschein)
          Version: June 29, 2015
          Hearing Date:  July 7, 2015
          Fiscal: No
          Urgency: No
          RD


                                        SUBJECT
                                           
                 Limited liability companies:  limited partnerships

                                      DESCRIPTION 

          This bill seeks to make various changes to the California  
          Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (RULLCA).  

                                      BACKGROUND  

          A California limited liability company (LLC) is a hybrid between  
          a corporation and a partnership.  An LLC generally has the  
          characteristics of a partnership for operational and taxation  
          purposes, but its members enjoy the immunity provided by a  
          corporation to its shareholders for contract debts or tort  
          liability.  The interest of a member in an LLC is an economic  
          interest, in the same manner that a partnership interest or a  
          corporate share is an economic interest, that may be transferred  
          under terms and conditions provided by the LLC agreement, the  
          partnership agreement, or the corporate structure.

          California first recognized LLCs in 1994 with the enactment of  
          the Beverly-Killea Limited Liability Company Act  
          (Beverly-Killea), which provided comprehensive provisions for  
          the organization, management, and dissolution of LLCs.  (SB 469  
          (Beverly, Ch. 1200, Stats. 1994).)  That same year, the National  
          Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL)  
          approved the use of a Uniform Limited Liability Company Act.  In  
          2006, after reviewing the development of LLC laws in the United  
          States, NCCUSL adopted the Revised Uniform Limited Liability  
          Company Act (RULLCA), which has been enacted in five states  








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          (Idaho, Iowa, Nebraska, Utah, and Wyoming) and the District of  
          Colombia.

          In 2012, SB 323 (Vargas, Ch. 419, Stats. 2012), sponsored by the  
          Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies Committee of the  
          Business Law Section of the State Bar of California, was enacted  
          to repeal Beverly-Killea and, taking into account California's  
          particular LLC protections, replace it with a modified version  
          of RULLCA.
          This bill, also sponsored by the Partnerships and Limited  
          Liability Companies Committees of the Business Law Section of  
          the State Bar of California, would make various changes to the  
          RULLCA provisions. 

                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
           
           1.Existing law  , the California Revised Uniform Limited Liability  
            Company Act (RULLCA), governs all California limited liability  
            companies (LLCs).  (Corp. Code Sec. 17701.01 et seq.)
             
            This bill  would specify that any operating agreements of LLCs  
            entered into prior to January 1, 2014 (when RULLCA took  
            effect, replacing the Beverly Killea LLC Act), remain governed  
            by the Beverly Killea LLC Act. 

             This bill  would provide that specified provisions of the Labor  
            Code, relating to consideration for employment and employment  
            contracts, shall not apply to membership interests issued by  
            any LLC or foreign LLC to the following persons: 
                 any employee of the LLC or foreign LLC or of any parent  
               or subsidiary of either, pursuant to a membership interest  
               purchase plan or agreement, or a membership interest option  
               plan or agreement; and
                 a person who is or is about to become an officer or  
               manager (as appointed or elected by the members) of the LLC  
               or foreign LLC or of any parent or subsidiary of either, in  
               any transaction in connection with securing employment.  

             This bill  would replace references to a "holder of a  
            transferable interest in the limited liability company" with  
            "transferee," to reflect the correct terminology in RULLCA.   
            This bill would also correct references to the term "majority  
            in interest" which is not defined under RULLCA. 

             This bill  would revise and correct cross-references throughout  







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            various provisions of RULLCA and would otherwise add missing  
            cross-references to conform potentially conflicting  
            provisions. 

             This bill  would modify specified references to participation  
            in the management or conduct of activities of the LLC to  
            clarify that "participate" includes the right to vote. 

             This bill would make other technical, or clarifying changes. 

           1.Existing law defines various terms for purposes of RULLCA.   
            (Corp. Code Sec. 17701.02.)

             Existing law  defines "electronic transmission by the limited  
            liability company" to mean a communication delivered by  
            specified means, including means of electronic communication  
            to which both of the following apply:
                 the communication is delivered to a recipient who has  
               provided an unrevoked consent to the use of those means of  
               transmission; and
                 the communication creates a record that is capable of  
               retention, retrieval, and review, and that may thereafter  
               be rendered into clearly legible tangible form. However, an  
               electronic transmission by a limited liability company to  
               an individual member is not authorized unless, in addition  
               to satisfying the requirements of this section, the  
               transmission satisfies the requirements applicable to  
               consumer consent to electronic records as set forth in the  
               federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National  
               Commerce Act.  (Corp. Code Sec. 17701.02(i)(1)(A)-(C).) 
           
            Existing law  , in relevant part, defines "person" to mean an  
            individual, partnership, limited partnership, trust, estate,  
            association, corporation, limited liability company, or other  
            entity, whether domestic or foreign.  (Corp. Code Sec.  
            17701.02(v).)

             This bill  would revise the definition of "electronic  
            transmission by the limited liability company" by removing the  
            requirement that the electronic transmission by an LLC to an  
            individual member also satisfy requirements set forth under  
            the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National  
            Commerce Act. 

             This bill  would expand to the definition of "person" to  







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            include a trustee of a trust, including, but not limited to, a  
            trust described under the Probate Code's Trust Law, as  
            specified.  

           1.Existing law  prohibits an LLC operating agreement from doing  
            certain things, including, in relevant part:
                 eliminating the duty of loyalty, the duty of care, or  
               any other fiduciary duty, subject to other specified  
               provisions; 
                 eliminating the contractual obligation of good faith and  
               fair dealing under specified provisions of Section  
               17704.09, subject to other provisions allowing for the  
               operating agreement to modify the fiduciary duties of a  
               member or manager, as specified;
                 unreasonably restricting the duties and rights stated  
               under Section 17704.10, which provides for the right to  
               inspect various LLC documents; the right to a specified  
               annual report for members in an LLC of more than 35  
               members, among other things; the right to a copy of the  
               articles of incorporation or operating agreement, as  
               specified;  
                 varying the requirements of Sections 17707.04 to  
               17707.08, inclusive, relating to the dissolution of an LLC,  
               except as specified; 
                 restricting the right to approve a merger, conversion,  
               or domestication under Section 17710.14 to a member that  
               will have personal liability with respect to a surviving,  
               converted, or domesticated organization;
                 varying any provision under Article 10, relating to  
               mergers and conversions;
                 varying any provision under Article 12, relating to  
               class provisions; or
                 eliminating the obligation of good faith and fair  
               dealing under specified provisions of Section 17704.09, but  
               the operating agreement may prescribe the standards by  
               which the performance of the obligation is to be measured,  
               if the standards are not manifestly unreasonable.  (Corp.  
               Code Sec. 17701.10(c).)

             Existing law  provides that, except as provided in the  
            provisions above, and other specified laws, the provisions of  
            RULLCA may be varied as among the members or as between the  
            members and the LLC by the operating agreement, provided,  
            however, that the provisions of Sections 17701.13 (relating to  
            the designation of an agent for service of process and  







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            required records that must be maintained by the LLC), 17703.01  
            (providing that every member is an agent of an LLC unless the  
            articles of organization state that the LLC is manager-managed  
            at which point only the manager has agency power), 17704.07  
            (providing specified rules governing an LLC depending upon  
            whether the LLC is member- or manager-managed), and 17704.08  
            (requiring reimbursement of any payments and indemnification  
            of any debt, obligation, or other liability incurred by a  
            member or manager in the course of the member's or manager's  
            activities on behalf of the LLC, and authorizing the purchase  
            of insurance for indemnification purposes) can only be varied  
            by a written operating agreement.  (Corp. Code Sec.  
            17701.10(d).) 

             Existing law  specifies that, notwithstanding prior statements,  
            and in addition to the matters specified in the provisions  
            above, the operating agreement must not: 
                 vary the definitions of RULLCA, as specified, except as  
               specified therein; or 
                 vary a member's rights under specified law that provides  
               that every member is an agent of an LLC unless the articles  
               of organization state that the LLC is manager-managed at  
               which point only the manager has agency power; or other  
               specified law, which provides for the right to inspect  
               various LLC documents; the right to a specified annual  
               report for members in an LLC of more than 35 members, among  
               other things; the right to a copy of the articles of  
               incorporation or operating agreement, as specified.  (Corp.  
               Code Sec. 17701.10(d).)

             This bill  would modify the provisions limiting what an  
            operating agreement can do.   These modifications include:  
                 adding or otherwise revising various cross references; 
                 consolidating potentially duplicative language  
               prohibiting the elimination of the obligation of good faith  
               and fair dealing by instead providing that, subject to  
               specified law, the operating agreement shall not eliminate  
               the contractual obligation of good faith and fair dealing  
               under existing law, as specified, but the operating  
               agreement may prescribe the standards by which the  
               performance of the obligation is to be measured, if the  
               standards are not manifestly unreasonable as determined at  
               the time the standards are prescribed; 
                 repealing the language prohibiting an operating  
               agreement from unreasonably restricting the duties and  







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               rights under specified law, which provides for the right to  
               inspect various LLC documents; the right to a specified  
               annual report for members in an LLC of more than 35  
               members, among other things; the right to a copy of the  
               articles of incorporation or operating agreement, as  
               specified; 
                 expanding the general prohibition against varying the  
               requirements of Sections 17707.04 to 17707.08, inclusive,  
               relating to the dissolution of an LLC, to apply more  
               generally to the RULLCA article on dissolution and winding  
               up, as well as the RULLCA article on formation of an LLC;  
               and
                 prohibiting the variation of specified provisions  
               relating the application of RULLCA.  

           1.Existing law  governs distributions made by an LLC before its  
            dissolution and winding up.   

            This bill  would add a provision specifying that the profits  
            and losses of a limited liability company shall be allocated  
            among the members, and among classes of members, in the manner  
            provided in the operating agreement.  If the operating  
            agreement does not otherwise provide, profits and losses must  
            be allocated in proportion to the value, as stated in the  
            required records, of the contributions the limited liability  
            company has received from each member.  
             
          2.Existing law  provides that an LLC is a member-managed LLC  
            unless the articles of organization and the operating  
            agreement do either of the following:  
                  expressly provide that the LLC is or will be  
               "manager-managed" or "managed by managers" or that  
               management of the LLC is or will be "vested in managers;"  
               or
                 include words of similar import. (Corp. Code Sec.  
               17704.07(a).)

             Existing law  specifies that in a member-managed LLC, certain  
            rules apply, including that a difference arising among members  
            as to a matter in the ordinary course of the activities of the  
            LLC shall be decided by a majority of the members of the LLC  
            which the difference among the members has arisen.  (Corp.  
            Code Sec. 17704.07(b).) 

             Existing law  specifies that in a manager-managed LLC, certain  







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            rules apply, including that the consent of all members of the  
            LLC is required to do any of the following: 
                 sell, lease, exchange, or otherwise dispose of all, or  
               substantially all, of the LLC's property, as specified; 
                 approve a merger or conversion under the RULLCA article  
               governing mergers and conversions; 
                 undertake any other act outside of the ordinary course  
               of the LLC's activities; or
                 amend the operating agreement.  (Corp. Code Sec.  
               17704.07(c)(4).)

             Existing law  further specifies that in a manager-managed LLC,  
            a manager may be chosen at any time by the consent of a  
            majority of the members and remains a manager until a  
            successor has been chosen, unless the manager at an earlier  
            time resigns, is removed, or dies, or, in the case of manager  
            that is not an individual, terminates.  A manager may be  
            removed at any time by the consent of the majority of the  
            members without notice or cause.  (Corp. Code Sec.  
            17704.07(c)(5).)

             Existing law  generally provides that members have the right to  
            vote on a dissolution of the LLC and on a merger of the LLC as  
            provided under specified law. 

             This bill  would modify the above to provide, instead, that an  
            LLC is a member-managed LLC unless the articles of  
            organization contain a statement to the effect that the LLC is  
            to be manager-managed, as required under other specified law. 

             This bill  would modify the above rule for member-managed LLCs  
            to instead provide that a difference arising among members as  
            to a matter in the ordinary course of the activities of the  
            LLC shall be decided by a majority of the members.  

             This bill  would modify the above rule for member approvals  
            required for certain activities by a manager-managed LLC to  
            delete the requirement that an LLC obtain all members' consent  
            to amend the operating agreement and to approve a merger or  
            conversion under the RULLCA article on mergers and conversions  
            and would, instead, provide that consent of all the LLC  
            members is required to do the following: 
                 sell, lease, exchange, or otherwise dispose of all, or  
               substantially all, of the LLC's property, as specified; or 
                 except as otherwise provided in the RULLCA article on  







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               mergers or conversions, any other act outside of the  
               ordinary course of the LLC's activities.
             
            This bill  would modify the above rule for the removal of a  
            manager of a manager-managed LLC to repeal language giving the  
            LLC authority to remove a manager at any time, upon consent of  
            a majority of the members, without notice.  The bill would  
            provide, instead, that the manager can be removed at any time  
            by the consent of a majority of members without cause, subject  
            to the rights, if any, of the manager under any service  
            contract with the LLC.  

             This bill  would add that members also have the right to vote  
            on any conversion of the LLC to another business entity, under  
            specified law. 

           1.Existing law  requires that an LLC reimburse for any payment  
            made and indemnify for any debt, obligation, or other  
            liability incurred by a member of a member-managed LLC or the  
            manager of a manager-managed LLC in the course of the member's  
            or manager's activities on behalf of the LLC, if, in making  
            the payment or incurring the debt, obligation, or other  
            liability, the member or manager complied with specified  
            statutory fiduciary duties, duties of loyalty, and duties of  
            care.  (Corp. Code Sec. 17704.08(a).) 
             
            Existing law  authorizes and LLC to purchase and maintain  
            insurance on behalf of a member or manager of the LLC against  
            liability asserted against or incurred by the member or  
            manager from that status, even if the operating agreement  
            could not eliminate or limit the person's liability to the LLC  
            for the conduct giving rise to the liability, under specified  
            law.  (Corp. Code Sec. 17704.08(b).)

             This bill  would add that, except as provided under specified  
            law (allowing for an operating agreement to alter or eliminate  
            the indemnification for a member or manager provided in the  
            provision above, and to eliminate or limit a member or  
            manager's liability to the LLC and members for money damages,  
            except as specified), an LLC may reimburse any payment made  
            and indemnify any debt, obligation, or other liability  
            incurred by other persons, including, without limitation, any  
            officer, employee, or agent of the LLC, in the course of that  
            person's activities on behalf of the LLC. 








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             This bill  would expand the above authorization for an LLC to  
            purchase and maintain liability insurance for "members" and  
            "managers" to instead authorize the purchase and maintenance  
            of insurance for any person.  

             This bill  would require, without limiting the above  
            requirement to reimburse any payment and indemnify any debt,  
            obligation or other liability incurred by a member of a  
            member-managed LLC or manager of a manager-managed LLC, as  
            specified, that an LLC indemnify an agent of the LLC to the  
            extent that the agent has been successful on the merits in  
            defense or settlement of any claim, issue, or matter in any  
            proceeding in which the agent was or is a party or threatened  
            to be made a party by reason of his or her status as an agent  
            of the LLC, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred  
            by the agent, if the agent acted in good faith and in a manner  
            that the agent reasonably believed to be in the best interests  
            of the LLC and its members.  

             This bill  would define the terms "agent," "expenses," and  
            "proceeding," for these purposes.  

           2.Existing law  provides various rules for when a person  
            dissociates as a member of the LLC.  (Corp. Code Sec.  
            17706.03.)  

             This bill  would add a provision specifying that if a member  
            dies, or a guardian or conservator of the estate is appointed  
            for the member, or a member's interest is being administered  
            by an attorney in fact under a valid power of attorney, the  
            member's executor, administrator, guardian, conservator, or  
            other legal representative may exercise all of the member's  
            rights for the purpose of settling the member's estate or  
            administering the member's property, including any power the  
            member had under the articles of organization or an operating  
            agreement to give a transferee the right to become a member. 

           3.Existing law  includes various provisions governing suits for  
            judicial dissolution.   (Corp. Code Sec. 17707.03.) 

             This bill  would specify that nothing in those provisions shall  
            be construed to limit the remedies otherwise available to a  
            court of competent jurisdiction over the dissolution.

           4.Existing law  requires that any certificate or statement of  







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            conversion be executed and acknowledged by all members, unless  
            a lesser number is provided in the articles of organization or  
            operating agreement and meets specified requirements.  (Corp.  
            Code Sec. 17710.06(b).) 

             This bill  would instead require that the certificate or  
            statement of conversion be executed and acknowledged by all  
            members of a member-managed LLC or all managers of a  
            manager-managed LLC, unless a lesser number is provided in the  
            articles of organization or operating agreement and meets  
            specified requirements.  

           5.Existing law  provides that each membership interest of the  
            same class of any constituent LLC, other than a membership  
            interest in another constituent LLC that is being canceled and  
            that is held by a constituent LLC or its parent or an LLC of  
            which the constituent LLC is a parent must, unless all members  
            of the class consent, be treated equally with respect to any  
            distribution of cash, property, rights, interests, or  
            securities.    

            Existing law  , commonly referred to as the 50/90 rule, provides  
            that notwithstanding the above, except in a merger of an LLC  
            with an LLC that controls at least 90 percent of the  
            membership interests entitled to vote with respect to the  
            merger, the unredeemable membership interests of a constituent  
            LLC may be converted only into unredeemable interests or  
            securities of the surviving LLC or other business entity, or a  
            parent if a constituent LLC or a constituent other business  
            entity or its parent owns, directly or indirectly, prior to  
            the merger, membership interests of another constituent LLC or  
            interests or securities of a constituent other business entity  
            representing more than 50 percent of the interests or  
            securities entitled to vote with respect to the merger of the  
            other constituent LLC or constituent other business entity or  
            more than 50 percent of the voting power, as defined under  
                                                           existing law, of a constituent other business entity that is a  
            domestic corporation, unless all of the members of the class  
            consent.
             
            This bill  would allow for an LLC to modify the unanimous  
            approval standard above in its written operating agreement. 
           
                                       COMMENT
           







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          1.    Stated need for the bill  

          According to the author: 

            This bill would amend the Revised Uniform Limited Liability  
            Company Act ("RULLCA") which took effect January 1, 2014.  It  
            will fix certain cross referencing and typographical errors  
            and inconsistencies in RULLCA that make it difficult to  
            understand and less attractive to business owners and  
            investors.  It eliminates an inconsistency on what vote is  
            needed to accomplish a merger or conversion and creates  
            indemnification rights for agents similar to those afforded  
            agents of California corporations.  It also clarifies RULLCA's  
            transition rules to avoid potential disputes as to whether  
            RULLCA or prior law, the Beverly-Killea Limited Liability  
            Company Act ("Beverly-Killea"), governs the limited liability  
            company ("LLC").

          2.    Bill seeks to not only correct ambiguities and  
            inconsistencies in the recently enacted RULLCA, but also  
            substantively improve various provisions of the act  

          As stated by the sponsor of this bill, the Partnership and  
          Limited Liability Companies Committee of the Business Law  
          Section of the State Bar of California (PLLC committee), this  
          bill is intended to address ambiguities and inconsistencies in  
          the California Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act  
          (RULLCA), and to make further improvements.  The sponsor  
          explains that these inconsistencies largely exist because when  
          SB 323 (Vargas, Ch. 419, Stats. 2012) was enacted in 2012 to  
          implement RULLCA in this state, it did not replicate the  
          National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws'  
          (NCCUSL) model law, word-for-word.  Instead, the Legislature  
          specifically sought to incorporate numerous provisions from the  
          state's preceding act, the Beverly Killea Limited Liability  
          Company Act (Cal. Corp Code [Secs.] 17000-17656), in order to  
          improve upon the NCCUSL version.  As described by the PLLC  
          committee: 

            The carried-over provisions include[d:] (i) important topics  
            (e.g., meetings, officers, voting rights, and mergers and  
            conversions) that were not covered in the NCCUSL version; (ii)  
            particular requirements of the Business Programs Division of  
            the California Secretary of State (e.g., member information  
            rights and certain restrictions on operating agreement  







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            amendments; (iii) certain investor protections (e.g., the  
            requirement for filing biennial statements of information);  
            and (iv) other provisions (e.g., for limited liability company  
            ("LLC") dissolutions that the Committee believed were more  
            comprehensive and substantially better than what was included  
            in the NCCUSL version of the same topic.  In general, the  
            Committee believes that NCCUSL's version was overly slanted in  
            favor of LLC management, but that RULLCA as enacted in  
            California is a more balanced law that more effectively  
            protects the interests of LLC members.  

            Challenges were involved, however, in carrying over provisions  
            from Beverly Killea into SB 323 because the statutory  
            numbering convention was different, the organizational  
            structure was different, and various defined terms in Beverly  
            Killea differed from the corresponding terms in the NCCUSL  
            version of RULLCA.  [ . . . ] In addition, since SB 323's  
            enactment, the Committee has engaged in robust discussions  
            with, and has received comments from, many experienced LLC law  
            practitioners in California.  As a result of those  
            discussions, the Committee collected some further suggestions  
            for clarification and improvement of RULLCA.  This bill would  
            correct the ambiguities and inconsistencies, and make some  
            further improvements for the benefit of California attorneys  
            and judges who must work with and interpret RULLCA in the  
            future, as well as for the benefit of all California business  
            enterprises that wish to conduct their business in the LLC  
            form.  

          The PLLC committee draws particular attention to one provision  
          of the bill that would amend RULLCA's transition rule in Section  
          17713.04 of the Corporations Code, which currently provides that  
          RULLCA generally applies only to the acts or transactions by an  
          LLC or by the members or managers of the LLC, or "contracts"  
          entered into by the LLC or by the members or managers of the  
          LLC, on or after January 1, 2014, and that the prior law (the  
          Beverly Killea LLC Act) governs all acts or transactions by an  
          LLC or by the members or managers of the LLC company occurring,  
          or contracts entered into by the LLC or by the members or  
          managers of the LLC, prior to that date.  This bill, the sponsor  
          writes, seeks to clarify that the term "contracts" includes "LLC  
          operating agreements, such that "the operating agreements of  
          LLCs existing prior to January 1, 2014 are governed by Beverly  
          Killea and should not necessarily need to be amended after that  
          date.  RULLCA applies to all LLCs and operating agreements  







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          entered into on or after January 1, 2014. Whether the operating  
          agreement of an existing LLC should be amended after January 1,  
          2014, e.g., to take advantage of RULLCA provisions, is an issue  
          for practitioners to decide in consultation with their clients  
          on a case-by-case basis." 

          Other notable changes proposed to the current RULLCA, include:
           The addition of a provision not previously carried over by SB  
            323 from the Beverly Killea LLC Act (former Corp. Code Sec.  
            17110(d)), which provides that certain provisions of the Labor  
            Code relating to property pledged by an employee in connection  
            with an employment offer (Labor Code Sec. 406) and prohibiting  
            the conditioning of an employment offer or an investment in  
            the business by the prospective employee (Labor Code Sec.  
            407), do not apply to specified membership interests issued by  
            the LLC or foreign LLC.  
           The incorporation of a provision specifying a default rule for  
            how to allocate losses and profits among members, that is  
            substantially similar to the default rule provided under the  
            Beverly Killea LLC Act (former Corp. Code Sec. 17202) and the  
            default rule for partnerships under the California Revised  
            Uniform Partnership Act (Corp. Code Sec. 15905.035).   
            Specifically, the bill would provide that the allocation of  
            profits and losses among LLC members, and among classes of  
            members, in the manner provided in the operating agreement.   
            In the event that the operating agreement is silent, profits  
            and losses would be allocated in proportion to the value, as  
            stated in the required records, of the contributions the LLC  
            has received from each member.   
           The removal of authorization for a manager-managed LLC to  
            remove a manager at any time upon consent of a majority of the  
            members, without any notice.  The bill would instead provide  
            that the manager can be removed at any time by the consent of  
            a majority of members without cause, subject to the rights, if  
            any, of the manager under any service contract with the LLC. 
           The addition of language confirming that members of an LLC  
            have, in addition to the right to vote on a dissolution or  
            merger of the LLC under specified law, the right to vote on  
            any conversion of the LLC to another business entity, under  
            specified law. 
           To carry over a provision specifying what happens if a member  
            dies, or a guardian or conservator of the estate is appointed  
            for the member, or a member's interest is being administered  
            by an attorney in fact under a valid power of attorney-namely,  
            the member's executor, administrator, guardian, conservator,  







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            or other legal representative would be authorized to exercise  
            all of the member's rights for the purpose of settling the  
            member's estate or administering the member's property,  
            including any power the member had under the articles of  
            organization or an operating agreement to give a transferee  
            the right to become a member.

          3.    Indemnification provisions  

          Existing law requires that an LLC reimburse any payment made and  
          indemnify any debt, obligation, or other liability incurred by a  
          member of a member-managed LLC or the manager of a  
          manager-managed LLC in the course of the member's or manager's  
          activities on behalf of the LLC, if, in making the payment or  
          incurring the debt, obligation, or other liability, the member  
          or manager complied with specified statutory fiduciary duties,  
          duties of loyalty, and duties of care.  

          This section further authorizes an LLC to purchase and maintain  
          insurance on behalf of a member or manager of the LLC against  
          liability asserted against or incurred by the member or manager  
          from that status, even if the operating agreement could not  
          eliminate or limit the person's liability to the LLC for the  
          conduct giving rise to the liability, under specified law.  

          This bill would now add that an LLC may reimburse any payment  
          made and indemnify any debt, obligation, or other liability  
          incurred by other persons, including, without limitation, any  
          officer, employee, or agent of the LLC, in the course of that  
          person's activities on behalf of the LLC, except as specified.   
          The bill would also expand the existing authorization for an LLC  
          to purchase and maintain liability insurance for "members" and  
          "managers" so as to authorize the purchase and maintenance of  
          liability insurance for any person.  

          Furthermore, the bill would require that an LLC indemnify an  
          agent of the LLC to the extent that the agent has been  
          successful on the merits in defense or settlement of any claim,  
          issue, or matter in any proceeding in which the agent was or is  
          a party or threatened to be made a party by reason of his or her  
          status as an agent of the LLC, against expenses actually and  
          reasonably incurred by the agent, if the agent acted in good  
          faith and in a manner that the agent reasonably believed to be  
          in the best interests of the LLC and its members.  The bill  
          also, however, expressly states that this new requirement does  







          AB 506 (Maienschein)
          Page 15 of ? 

          not limit the LLC's broader indemnification obligation for  
          members and managers.  

          According to materials provided by the sponsor, the new  
          additions effectively provide for indemnification of agents that  
          is similar to the existing law indemnification for corporate  
          agents under Section 317 of the Corporations Code.  

          4.   Bill would allow for LLCs to opt out of the 50/90 rule by  
            way of written operating agreements  

          Under existing law, in a merger of one LLC into another, unless  
          the LLC is merging with an LLC that controls at least 90 percent  
          of the membership interests entitled to vote for or against the  
          merger, the unredeemable membership interests of a constitute  
          LLC can be converted only into unredeemable interests or  
          securities of the surviving LLC or other business entity, or a  
          parent (i.e. the interests cannot be "cashed out"), if, prior to  
          the merger, the constituent LLC or its parent owns, directly or  
          indirectly, more than 50 percent of the membership interests of  
          other constituent entitled to vote with respect to the merger of  
          the other constituent LLC, unless all members of the class  
          consent.  (See Corp. Code Sec. 17710.12(b)(2).)

          In other words, in order to protect minority members from being  
          forced to cash out in a merger, existing law requires that  
          unanimous member approval be given for the merger to occur if  
          the acquiring party in a merger owns more than 50 percent but  
          less than 90 percent of all of the interests of the target LLC  
          that are entitled to vote, prior to the merger.  Otherwise, any  
          unredeemable membership interests can only be converted into  
          unredeemable membership interests in the surviving LLC or  
          surviving business entity. This bill would now add language  
          authorizing the LLC to require something other than unanimous  
          approval in their written operating agreement.  

          In order to address concerns, the author has agreed to remove  
          this language, as follows:



             Author's amendment  : 

            On page 43, strike out line 3, in its entirety 








          AB 506 (Maienschein)
          Page 16 of ? 

            On page 43, line 4, strike "notwithstanding" and insert "(2)  
            Notwithstanding"


           Support  :  Conference of California Bar Associations 

           Opposition  :  None Known 

                                        HISTORY
           
           Source  :  Partnership and Limited Liability Companies Committee  
          of the Business Law Section of the California State Bar

           Related Pending Legislation  :  None Known 

           Prior Legislation :

          SB 323 (Vargas, Ch. 419, Stats. 2012), recast and reorganized  
          the Beverly-Killea Limited Liability Company Act into the  
          current California Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act  
          (RULLCA). 

          SB 1186 (Torres, 2014) would have, among other things, amended  
          the 50/90 rule for corporations to only require majority  
          approval instead of unanimous approval to force minority  
          shareholders to cash out in a merger covered by the 50/90 rule.   
          That bill was held in this Committee and ultimately died without  
          a hearing. 

           Prior Vote  :

          Assembly Floor (Ayes 76, Noes 0)
          Assembly Banking and Finance Committee (Ayes 12, Noes 0)

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