Amended in Senate June 16, 2015

California Legislature—2015–16 Regular Session

Assembly Bill No. 559

Introduced by Assembly Member Lopez

February 23, 2015

An act to add Section 1021 to the Fish and Game Code, relating to monarch butterflies.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST

AB 559, as amended, Lopez. Monarch butterflies: conservation.

Existing law establishes the Department of Fish and Wildlife and sets forth the duties of that department, which include administering various programs for the protection and conservation of fish and wildlife resources.

This bill would authorize the department to take actions to conserve monarch butterflies and the unique habitats they depend upon for successful migration. The bill would authorize the department to partner with federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, academic programs, private landowners, and other entities that undertake actions to conserve monarch butterflies and aid their successful migration, including the Monarch Joint Venture. begin insert The bill would require the department, when undertaking actions to conserve monarch butterflies and their habitats, to use the best available science and consider taking specified actions. end insert

Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes. State-mandated local program: no.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

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begin insert SECTION 1. end insert   

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begin insert The Legislature hereby finds and declares the
following: end insert

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(a) Monarch butterflies are a favorite butterfly of people
throughout North America and concern for their survival brings
people together like few other wildlife species such that, in
February 2014, the United States, Mexico, and Canada joined
efforts to ensure monarch butterfly recovery.

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(b) Monarch butterfly populations have declined significantly
in the past 20 years to where the eastern population has lost 90
percent of historical numbers and the western population has
shrunk to 50 percent of historical numbers. California is the only
state to host significant numbers of overwintering monarch
butterflies.

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(c) While adult butterflies may obtain nectar from many different
plants, monarch caterpillars can only survive when native
milkweed plants are available for food. Of the 72 native milkweed
species in the United States, several exist in California, including
six that are endemic.

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(d) Milkweed habitat and density have declined significantly in
the eastern United States, and it is suspected that they have also
declined in the West. This has negatively impacted monarch
butterflies as well as native bees, honey bees, and other beneficial
insects, including insect predators of crop pests.

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(e) Since nearly one-third of the most promising California
winter habitat for monarch butterflies is on privately owned land,
collaboration with landowners is critical. Fortunately, many
landowners are some of the strongest advocates for protecting and
restoring overwintering and breeding habitat for the monarch
butterfly.

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(f) Current environmental protection laws, including those
concerning conservation and land use planning, have not
adequately protected monarch butterflies, creating a need for
additional collaborative restoration measures.

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(g) While several federal agencies, including the Natural
Resource Conservation Service, the Farm Service Agency, the
United States Forest Service, the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service, and the Federal Highway Administration, are undertaking
initiatives to protect and restore monarch butterflies, California
needs to take additional initiatives to guide and support monarch
butterfly conservation.

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(h) Numerous public and private research entities and
nongovernmental organizations are undertaking research and
gathering information that could significantly contribute to
California’s efforts to protect and conserve monarch butterflies.

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begin delete SECTION 1. end delete
begin insert SEC. 2. end insert   

Section 1021 is added to the Fish and Game Code, to
read:

1021.  

(a) The department may take actions to conserve
monarch butterflies and the unique habitats they depend upon for
successful migration. These actions may include, but are not limited
to, habitat restoration on department lands, education programs,
and voluntary agreements with private landowners.

(b) The department may partner with federal agencies, nonprofit
organizations, academic programs, private landowners, and other
entities that undertake actions to conserve monarch butterflies and
aid their successful migration, including the Monarch Joint
Venture.

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(c) When undertaking actions to conserve monarch butterflies
and their habitats pursuant to this section or other authority, the
department shall use the best available science and consider, as
appropriate, all of the following:

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(1) Restoring or revegetating monarch caterpillar habitat using
regionally or locally appropriate native milkweed species.

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(2) Restoring or revegetating adult monarch butterfly habitat
using regionally or locally appropriate native nectar plant species.

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(3) Incorporating diverse tree species, structures, and
arrangements when restoring or establishing winter habitat sites
to match monarch butterfly preferences for temperature, light,
moisture, wind, and other microclimate characteristics.

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(4) Controlling pests and disease in monarch butterfly habitat
using natural biological measures and alternative nonspray weed
management strategies.

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(5) Increasing the number of partnerships and making the most
of partnerships to use residential and institutional landscaped
areas, agricultural noncropped lands, transportation corridors,
and conservation easements to create, restore, or enhance monarch
butterfly habitat.

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