BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN SERVICES
                               Senator McGuire, Chair
                                2015 - 2016  Regular 

          Bill No:              AB 564
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          |Author:   |Eggman                                                |
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          |Version:  |July 7, 2015           |Hearing    |July 14, 2015    |
          |          |                       |Date:      |                 |
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          |Urgency:  |No                     |Fiscal:    |Yes              |
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          |Consultant|Mareva Brown                                          |
          |:         |                                                      |
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                     Subject:  Regional centers:  parental fees


            SUMMARY
          
          This bill recasts the existing Parental Fee Program within the  
          Department of Developmental Services (DDS) by, among other  
          things, calculating monthly parental fees based on a percentage  
          of the parents' annual income and authorizing a credit of the  
          equivalent of one day of the monthly parental fee for each day a  
          child spends 6 or more consecutive hours in a 24-hour period on  
          a home visit. The bill would prohibit a monthly parental fee  
          from exceeding the maximum monthly cost of caring for a child or  
          the cost of services provided, whichever is less, and make other  
          related changes. 

            ABSTRACT
          
          Existing law:

             1)   Establishes the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities  
               Services Act, which states that California is responsible  
               for providing an array of services and supports  
               sufficiently complete to meet the needs and choices of each  
               person with developmental disabilities, regardless of age  
               or degree of disability, and at each stage of life and to  
               support their integration into the mainstream life of the  
               community. (WIC 4500, et seq)  

              2)   Establishes a system of nonprofit Regional Centers,  







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               overseen by DDS, to provide fixed points of contact in the  
               community for all persons with developmental disabilities  
               and their families, to coordinate services and supports  
               best suited to them throughout their lifetime. (WIC 4620)  

              3)   Establishes an Individual Program Plan (IPP) and defines  
               that planning process as the vehicle to ensure that  
               services and supports are customized to meet the needs of  
               consumers who are served by regional centers. (WIC 4512)  
            
              4)   Requires a regional center to secure services and  
               supports that meet the needs of the consumer, as determined  
               in the IPP, and to give highest preference to those which  
               would allow minors with developmental disabilities to live  
               with their families, adult persons with developmental  
               disabilities to live as independently as possible in the  
               community, and that allow all consumers to interact with  
               persons without disabilities in positive, meaningful ways.  
               (WIC 4648)


             5)   Requires parents of children under the age of 18 years  
               who are receiving 24-hour out-of-home care services through  
               a regional center, or who are residents of a state hospital  
               or on leave from the state hospital shall be required to  
               pay a fee depending upon their ability to pay. Requires  
               that this fee not exceed the cost of caring for a normal  
               child at home, as determined by the Director of DDS, or the  
               cost of services provided, whichever is less. Requires that  
               DDS determine, assess, and collect all parental fees, as  
               specified, regardless of whether the child is placed in the  
               state hospital or in a public or private community  
               facility. Prohibits parents from being charged for  
               diagnosis or counseling services received through the  
               regional centers. (WIC 4782)

             6)   Requires the Director of DDS to establish, annually  
               review, and adjust as needed, a schedule of parental fees  
               for services received through the regional centers, and to  
               revise it, as specified, to  reflect changes in economic  
               conditions that affect parents' ability to pay the fee.  
               (WIC 4784 (a) and (b))

             7)   In establishing the amount a parent shall pay, requires  








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               DDS to take into account all of the following factors: (WIC  
               4784 (c))

                  a.        The current cost of caring for a child at  
                    home, as determined by the most recent data available  
                    from the United States Department of Agriculture's  
                    survey on the cost of raising a child in California,  
                    adjusted for the Consumer Price Index (CPI) from the  
                    survey date to the date of payment adjustment.
                  b.        Medical expenses incurred prior to regional  
                    center care.
                  c.        Whether the child is living at home.
                  d.        Parental payments for medical expenses,  
                    clothing, incidentals, and other items considered  
                    necessary for the normal rearing of a child.
                  e.        Transportation expenses incurred in visiting a  
                    child.

             8)   Exempts from the parental fee families with an income  
               below the federal poverty level. (WIC 4784 (d))

             9)   Requires that fees be remitted to the Program  
               Development Fund of the state Treasury, as specified, to  
               provide resources needed to initiate new programs,  
               consistent with approved priorities for program development  
               in the state plan. (WIC 4784 (f)(1))

             10)  Requires that excess fees, as defined, that are  
               collected must be available for expenditure by DDS to  
               offset General Fund costs. (WIC 4784 (f)(2))

          This bill:

             1)   Strikes existing WIC 4784, which requires DDS to review  
               annually and adjust the formula for calculating parental  
               fees for children placed in out-of-home care as well as the  
               requirement to include in that calculation changes in  
               economic conditions that affect a parent's ability to pay  
               and other factors that the department must include in their  
               calculation of a parental fee, as defined in WIC 4784 (c).

             2)   Replaces it with a new WIC 4784, effective July 1, 2016,  
               that requires DDS to assess a monthly fee to parents of  
               children under 18 years of age who are receiving 24-hour  








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               out-of-home care services through a regional center or as a  
               resident of a state hospital when the family's gross income  
               is above 200 percent of the federal poverty level. 

             3)   Requires the parental fee to be effective 60 days from  
               the date of the child's admission to the 24-hour  
               out-of-home placement.

             4)   Requires, for the purpose of assessing the fee, that  
               parents provide DDS with income documentation within 30  
               days from the date of the request for such documentation  
               and requires that documentation to include a copy of a  
               parent's most recent federal tax return or a copy of each  
               parent's most recent paystub or employer-provided earnings  
               statement, or alternative verification, as defined.
          
             5)   Eliminates the requirement that parents between 100 and  
               200 percent of poverty pay a fee and otherwise sets the fee  
               as follows:

                  a.        Parents who have a family income of 201  
                    percent through 300 percent of the current federal  
                    poverty level shall be assessed a fee of 3 percent of  
                    their annual gross income to be billed in monthly  
                    increments.
                  b.        Parents who have a family income of 301  
                    percent through 400 percent of the current federal  
                    poverty level shall be assessed a fee of 4 percent of  
                    their annual gross income to be billed in monthly  
                    increments.
                  c.        Parents who have a family income of 401  
                    percent through 500 percent of the current federal  
                    poverty level shall be assessed a fee of 5 percent of  
                    their annual gross income to be billed in monthly  
                    increments.
                  d.        Parents who have a family income of 501  
                    percent or more of the current federal poverty level  
                    shall be assessed a fee of 6 percent of their annual  
                    gross income to be billed in monthly increments.

             6)   Requires that parents who fail to provide income  
               documentation to the department within 30 days of the date  
               of the department's request shall be assessed a maximum  
               monthly fee equivalent to the maximum cost of caring for a  








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               child, as specified the most recent published version of  
               the US Department of Agriculture's Cost of Raising a Child,  
               but that fee must be retroactively adjusted based on income  
               information provided, once the parent provides appropriate  
               documentation.

             7)   Prohibits any fee being charged that exceeds the maximum  
               cost of caring for a child, as defined, or the cost of the  
               services provided, whichever is less.

             8)   Requires that the parental fee be recalculated every 12  
               months, and within 60 days of the date a parent notifies  
               the department of a change in family income or family size,  
               as specified.

             9)   Requires that parents of children placed in 24-hour  
               out-of-home care prior to July 1, 2016, shall have their  
               monthly parental fee recalculated pursuant to the  
               provisions of this section at the time of their annual fee  
               recalculation.

             10)  Permits DDS to grant a temporary waiver from paying the  
               monthly parental fee for parents who substantiate, with  
               receipts, an unavoidable and uninsured catastrophic loss  
               with direct economic impact on the family or significant  
               unreimbursed medical costs associated with care for a child  
               who is a regional center consumer.

             11)  Establishes that a parent is entitled to a credit of one  
               day's fee, as defined, if the parent removes their child  
               from the care facility for a home visit for any six  
               consecutive hours during a 24-hour period and requires that  
               requests for credits be post marked no later than 60 days  
               from the child's removal from the facility. Requires that  
               failure to provide documentation and postmark the request  
               as specified shall result in a denial of credit by the  
               Department.

             12)  Requires that all fees collected by the program be  
               deposited into the Program Development Fund, as defined, to  
               provide resources needed to initiate new programs,  
               consistent with approved priorities in the state's plan,  
               and expands the option for the department to use fees to  
               offset General Fund costs.








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             13)  Permits parents to appeal their monthly fee or the  
               denial of credit by submitting a written appeal request to  
               the director within 30 days, but limits the parent's appeal  
               to disputes concerning the family income used to set the  
               monthly parental fee and the denial or amount of credit.

             14)  Requires DDS to provide written notice of the decision  
               to the appellant within 30 days of receipt of the appeal,  
               and requires all decisions regarding monthly parental fee  
               appeals be retroactive to the date the appealed monthly  
               parental fee was assessed.

             15)  Limits the Department's scope in considering the appeal  
               to the income documentation and the calculation of the  
               monthly parental fee that was used in making the original  
               determination.

             16)  Makes additional statutory cleanup changes.

            
          FISCAL IMPACT
          
          No analysis of the current version of the bill has been done.


            
          BACKGROUND AND DISCUSSION
          
          Purpose of the bill:

          According to the author, this bill will fix problems in the  
          parental fee program which a state audit found to be "riddled  
          with unnecessary delays, lack of documentation, incorrect  
          calculations and inconsistent staff interpretations." The author  
          requested a California State Auditor review of the program after  
          being contacted by a constituent whose 15-year old child was  
          placed out-of-home in a 24-hour care facility in Los Angeles.  
          The constituent reported dramatic fee increases, and when  
          consulting with other families, found significant differences in  
          fees from family to family. When he filed an appeal, the  
          constituent was subject to a lengthy and convoluted process,  
          which ultimately resulted in a reduction in fees. The Auditor  
          found similar issues statewide.








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          The Lanterman Act 

          The Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services Act  
          establishes an entitlement to services and supports for  
          Californians with developmental disabilities who are living in  
          their communities. A developmental disability is one that  
          originates before the age of 18, continues, or can be expected  
          to continue, indefinitely, and constitutes a substantial  
          disability. Approximately 290,000 children and adults with  
          developmental disabilities are served in community-based  
          programs and supported by state- and federally-funded services  
          that are coordinated by 21 nonprofit regional centers. Another  
          1,077 individuals live in four state-run institutions, including  
          three Developmental Centers, as of July 1. About 77 percent of  
          all consumers and 97 percent of child consumers live in the home  
          of a parent or guardian or in their own home.
          
          Services are developed locally and regional centers provide  
          diagnosis and assessment of eligibility and help plan, access,  
          coordinate and monitor the services and supports that are  
          needed. Services for consumers are determined through an  
          individual program plan (IPP). 


          Parental fee program

          Established in the early years of the Lanterman Act, the  
          Parental Fee Program requires parents to pay a share of cost if  
          their children are under 18 years of age and receive 24-hour  
          out-of-home care, paid for by a regional center. The calculation  
          includes having the Director of DDS consider a family's gross  
          income, age of the child, travel expenses to visit the child,  
          medical expenses incurred prior to the out-of-home placement,  
          parental payments for specified items "considered necessary in  
          the normal rearing of a child," and others. The parental fee is  
          intended to be based on a parent's ability to pay.   

          For families with income at or above 100 percent of the Federal  
          Poverty Level, fees range from $59 to $1,877 per month, based on  
          family size and income. Currently, 559 are children in the  
          Parental Fee Program and approximately 4,300 children statewide  
          in out-of-home residential care. Money from the Parental Fee  
          Program is required by statute to be deposited into the Program  








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          Development Fund, which is used to initiate new programs  
          consistent with the California Developmental Disabilities State  
          Plan. Excess funds must be used to offset the Department's  
          General Fund expenses. This bill relaxes that distinction.

          State auditor review

          A January 2015 report by the California State Auditor<1>  found  
          that the program was riddled with errors and inconsistencies  
          that placed some parents at a significant disadvantage. The  
          report noted that as a result of staff error and inconsistent  
          interpretations and processes, parents with similar financial  
          circumstances may be assessed substantially different levels of  
          fees. Auditors reviewed approximately 10 percent of the cases in  
          the program and found that the process DDS uses to assess  
          parental fees is "riddled with unnecessary delays, lack of  
          documentation, incorrect calculations, and inconsistent staff  
          interpretations. For instance, because Developmental Services  
          does not hold regional centers accountable for providing  
          required reports of children newly placed in outofhome care,  
          months or even years pass before Developmental Services becomes  
          aware of the need to assess fees on certain families.

          The audit also found incorrectly assessed fees by hundreds of  
          dollars per month due to various staff errors, and inconsistent  
          documentation- verification was required of some families but  
          not others. "We observed similar errors, lack of documentation,  
          and inconsistent staff interpretations with the process DDS uses  
          to review parents' appeals of fees." The auditor concluded that  
          because the appeals process considers expenses and deductions  
          that are not taken into account in the initial fee assessment  
          process, 95 percent of all appeals result in a fee reduction,  
          underscoring the inconsistency in both the original calculation,  
          and the appeals process. The Auditor concluded that the annual  
          amount of unbilled fees ranges from $740,000 to $1.1 million. 

          Related legislation:
            
          AB 9 (Evans, Chapter 9, 4th Extraordinary Session, 2009) revised  
          the parental fee provisions by providing for additional factors  
          ---------------------------
          <1> "California Department of Developmental Services: Its  
          Process for Assessing Fees Paid by Parents of Children Living in  
          Residential Facilities Is Woefully Inefficient and  
          Inconsistent," California State Auditor January 13, 2015







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          to be used in determining the fee adjustment, and other changes.

            COMMENTS
          
          This bill attempts to provide structure within a program that  
          had been inconsistently statewide.   By replacing the somewhat  
          subjective calculations required in statute with a strict  
          methodology based solely on family income, the author hopes to  
          remove the inconsistencies that left some families with  
          significantly higher fees than others who were similarly  
          situated. The current language would do the following: 

             1)   Clarify the amount a parent must pay is based solely on  
               a percentage of gross income. 
             2)   In some cases, reduce a family's obligation. 
             3)   Eliminate the obligation of a family between 100 and 200  
               percent of poverty to pay a parental fee.
             4)   Set time lines for the receipt of documentation or  
               require a maximum payment be assessed until required  
               documents are received
             5)   Permit DDS to waive the fee under certain circumstances.
             6)   Relax the requirement that DDS use the money first to  
               provide resources needed to initiate new programs, and  
               secondarily to fund General Fund obligations if excess  
               funding is collected. This bill permits any funds to be  
               used on General Fund obligations.

          The following chart demonstrates the new structure and change in  
          fees for some families: 


           ------------------------------------------------------ 
          | FPL For  |   Fee   |       Impact to Families        |
          |  Family  |Percentag|                                 |
          |  Income  |    e    |                                 |
          |----------+---------+---------------------------------|
          |  0-100%  |   0%    |No change.                       |
          |----------+---------+---------------------------------|
          | 101-200% |   0%    |A family of 4, with income of    |
          |          |         |$41,400 would have assessed fees |
          |          |         |reduced from $335 per month to   |
          |          |         |$0 per month.                    |
          |----------+---------+---------------------------------|
          | 201-300% |   3%    |A family of 4, with income of    |








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          |          |         |$59,196 would have assessed fees |
          |          |         |reduced from $536 per month to   |
          |          |         |$148 per month.                  |
          |----------+---------+---------------------------------|
          | 301-400% |   4%    |A family of 4, with income of    |
          |          |         |$84,419 would have assessed fees |
          |          |         |reduced from $670 per month to   |
          |          |         |$281 per month.                  |
          |----------+---------+---------------------------------|
          | 401-500% |   5%    |A family of 4, with income of    |
          |          |         |$102,600 would have assessed     |
          |          |         |fees reduced from $1,139 per     |
          |          |         |month to $428 per month.         |
          |----------+---------+---------------------------------|
          | 501% and |   6%    |A family of 4, with income of    |
          |  above   |         |$151,560 would have assessed     |
          |          |         |fees reduced from $1,555 per     |
          |          |         |month to $758 per month.         |
           ------------------------------------------------------ 

          While the author has clarified the provisions of the program  
          with substantial technical assistance from DDS, the committee  
          additionally suggests permitting families to request a  
          reconsideration of the initial recalculation rather than having  
          to wait up to a year to see potential fee reductions resulting  
          from this bill. 

          Staff recommends the following amendment: 
          
          4784 (e) (5) Parents of children placed in 24-hour out-of-home  
          care prior to July 1, 2016, shall have their monthly parental  
          fee recalculated pursuant to the provisions of this section at  
          the time of their annual fee recalculation,  or within 30 days of  
          a request for review by the Department  .




            PRIOR VOTES
          
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          |Assembly Floor:                                            |78 - |
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          |Assembly Appropriations Committee:                         |17 - |
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          |Assembly Human Services Committee:                         |  7  |
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            POSITIONS
                                          
          Support:
               State Council on Developmental Disabilities
               
          Oppose:   
               None received. 
                                      -- END --