BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó





          SENATE COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
                             Senator Tony Mendoza, Chair
                                2015 - 2016  Regular 

          Bill No:               AB 883       Hearing Date:    June 24,  
          2015
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          |Author:    |Low                                                  |
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          |Version:   |June 1, 2015                                         |
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          |Urgency:   |No                     |Fiscal:    |Yes              |
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          |Consultant:|Deanna Ping                                          |
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                    Subject:  Employment: public employee status.


          KEY ISSUE
          
          Should the Legislature prohibit an employer from making an  
          employment decision based on an applicant's current or former  
          status as a public employee? 

          Should the Legislature prohibit an employer or person that  
          operates a specified job posting website from posting a job  
          announcement stating that an applicant must not be a current or  
          former public employee? 

          
          ANALYSIS
          
           Existing federal and state law  contains provisions that define  
          unlawful discrimination and lawful employment practices by  
          employers and employment agencies to protect both prospective  
          and current employees against employment discrimination.

           Existing law  prohibits harassment and discrimination in  
          employment because of, among other things, race, color,  
          religion, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, mental and  
          physical disability, age and/or retaliation for protesting  








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          illegal discrimination related to one of these categories or for  
          reporting patient abuse in tax supported institutions.  
          (Government Code §12940, 12945, 12945.2)
           

            This Bill  enacts various provisions related to discrimination  
          based on current or former public employee status.   
          Specifically, this bill:  


          1)Prohibits an employer, including a public employer, from doing  
            the following:


             a)   Publishing an advertisement or announcement for any job  
               that includes a provision stating or indicating directly or  
               indirectly that the applicant for employment must not be a  
               current or former public employee.


             b)   Communicating or disclosing that an applicant's status  
               as a current or former public employee disqualifies an  
               individual from eligibility for employment.


             c)   Making an employment decision based on an applicant's  
               current or former status as a public employee.


          2)Prohibits a person who operates specified job posting Internet  
            Web sites from including in advertisements or announcements a  
            provision stating or indicating directly or indirectly that  
            the applicant for employment must not be a current or former  
            employee.


          3)Provides that this bill shall not be construed to prohibit an  
            employer or a person who operates an Internet Web site for  
            posting jobs from:



             a)   Publishing in print, on an Internet Web site, or in any  
               other medium, an advertisement or announcement for any job  
               that contains any provision setting forth qualifications  







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               for a job, including:



               i)     Holding a current and valid professional or  
                 occupational license, certificate, registration, permit,  
                 or other credential.



               ii)    Requiring a minimum level of education or training  
                 or professional, occupational, or field experience.



               iii)   Stating that only individuals who are current  
                 employees of the employer will be considered for that  
                 job.



             b)   Setting forth qualifications for any job, including:



               i)     Holding a current and valid professional or  
                 occupational license, certificate, registration, permit,  
                 or other credential.



               ii)    Requiring a minimum level of education or training  
                 or professional, occupational, or field experience.



               iii)   Stating that only individuals who are current  
                 employees of the employer will be considered for that  
                 job.



             c)   Obtaining information regarding an individual's current  
               or former status as a public employee, including recent  
               relevant experience.







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             d)   Having knowledge of a person's current or former status  
               as a public employee.



             e)   Otherwise making employment decisions pertaining to that  
               individual.


          4)States that a violation of the section does not result in a  
            misdemeanor.



          COMMENTS
          
          1.  Need for this bill?

             Existing federal and state law contain provisions that define  
            unlawful discrimination and unlawful employment practices by  
            employers and employment agencies.  These provisions exist to  
            protect both prospective and current employees against  
            employment discrimination. 


            The Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA), prohibits  
            harassment and discrimination in employment because of, among  
            other things, race, color, religion, sex, gender, sexual  
            orientation, marital status, mental and physical disability,  
            age and/or retaliation for protesting illegal discrimination  
            related to one of these categories. In addition, current law  
            generally prohibits public and private employers from  
            requiring an applicant to disclose an arrest or detention that  
            did not result in a conviction. 

            These statutes seek to ensure a workplace free from  
            discrimination as well as establish clear prohibitions of  
            employment practices that would deprive or tend to deprive any  
            individual of employment opportunities, limit such employment  
            opportunities or otherwise adversely affect a person's status  
            as an employee or as an applicant for employment. 








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            According to the author, a new trend in employment practices  
            has surfaced, one that requires an applicant for employment to  
            not be a participant of a governmental retirement plan. The  
            author specifically brought attention to a posting from the  
            San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District regarding openings  
            for firefighter/paramedic positions that had under  
            qualifications, "must not be a current participant in a  
            government retirement system." The author argues that by  
            discriminating against potential applicants in this way, an  
            employer may be excluding an entire group of qualified  
            applicants. The author states that AB 883 helps level the  
            playing field and will prohibit an employer from  
            discriminating against a current or former public employee. 

          2.  Double Referral: 
           
            AB 883 has been double referred to Senate Judiciary Committee.  


          3.  Proponent Arguments  :
            
            This bill is sponsored by the California Professional  
            Firefighters, who argue that a new trend in employment  
            practices has surfaced - one that requires an applicant for  
            employment to not be a participant of a governmental  
            retirement plan.  They argue that consequently, qualified job  
            applicants are now being discriminated against and penalized  
            when their work history shows that they currently hold or  
            previously held a position in which they were classified as a  
            public employee since only public employees are eligible to be  
            members of a governmental retirement plan.  


            The sponsor argues that punishing a potential applicant due to  
            his or her previous experience as a public employee is not  
            only divisive; it is a true disservice to the employer that  
            has posted the job advertisement.  They argue that by  
            discriminating against potential applicants in this way, an  
            employer may be excluding an entire group of the most  
            qualified applicants that could be considered for the  
            position.  

            The sponsor notes that firefighters are highly-skilled and  
            highly-trained first responders and many are also public  
            employees.  They argue that many of the skills that  







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            firefighters acquire in their profession come from firsthand  
            experience on the front lines - responding to fires and  
            mitigating other emergencies and the amount of time a  
            firefighter spends on his or her education, training, and  
            previous experience should not be barrier to continued  
            employment.  

            The sponsor argues that this bill levels the playing field for  
            job applicants by allowing their credentials and  
            qualifications for the position - earned in service to the  
            citizens of California - speak instead of their status as a  
            current or former public employee.  

          4.  Opponent Arguments  :

            Opponents argue that under AB 883 if the employer inquiries  
            into the applicant's relevant background either through a  
            written job application that asks the applicant to list his or  
            her prior employers, or through an in-person interview to  
            discuss the applicant's work experience, and discovers the  
            applicant's protected status as a former or current public  
            employee, then the employer will be subject to potential civil  
            litigation if the employer does not ultimately hire the  
            individual.

            Opponents contend that even if the decision to hire is based  
            upon a separate, unrelated reason other than the individual's  
            status as a former or public employee, once the "protected"  
            information is discovered, it creates the opportunity for a  
            discrimination lawsuit against the business.  They argue that  
            unlike other protected classifications currently in California  
            law, including age, marital status, or disability, an  
            applicant's prior employment history is not something that an  
            employer can easily navigate away from while inquiring about  
            an applicant's work experience when interviewing or reviewing  
            a candidate for employment in order to avoid a discrimination  
            claim. 

            Lastly, opponents argue that they are not aware of any  
            systematic discrimination in the private sector against  
            individuals who are either current or former public employees  
            that AB 883 seeks to address and that the private sector  
            should not be subject to the provisions of this bill.   
            Opponents contend that AB 883 will simply create more  
            opportunities for civil litigation against employers, with the  







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            additional threat of treble damages, statutory fines and  
            employee-only attorney's fees.

          5.  Prior Legislation  :

            AB 2271 (Calderon) of 2014, would have prohibited an employer,  
            employment agency, or a person who operates an internet web  
            site from including in a job posting that an applicant cannot  
            be unemployed. This bill was vetoed by the Governor

            AB 1450 (Allen) of 2012, would have prohibited an employer  
            from publishing in print, on the internet, or any other medium  
            an advertisement or announcement that stated or indicated that  
            an individual's current employment is a requirement for a job.  
            This bill was vetoed by the Governor.
             
            AB 218 (Dickinson), Chapter 699, Statutes of 2013, prohibits a  
            state or local agency from asking an applicant for employment  
            to disclose information concerning the conviction history of  
            the applicant, including any inquiry about conviction history  
            on any employment application, until the agency has determined  
            the applicant meets the minimum employment qualifications, as  
            stated in any notice issued for the position.  This bill  
            (AB2271) is more consistent with this approach. 



          SUPPORT
          California Professional Firefighters (Sponsor)
          Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs
          Association of Deputy District Attorneys
          California Association of Professional Employees
          California Employment Lawyers Association
          California Federation of Teachers
          California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO
          California Nurses Association
          California School Employees Association
          Glendale City Employees Association
          LIUNA Local 777
          LIUNA Local 792
          Los Angeles County Probation Officers Union, AFSCME, Local 685
          Los Angeles Police Protective League
          Organization of SMUD Employees 
          Riverside Sheriffs Association
          San Bernardino Public Employees Association 







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          San Diego County Court Employees Association
          San Jose Firefighters, IAFF Local 230
          San Luis Obispo County Employees Association 
          Service Employees International Union, AFL-CIO

          
          OPPOSITION
          California Association of Bed and Breakfast Inns
          California Chamber of Commerce
          California Hotel and Lodging Association
          California League of Food Processors 
          California Manufacturers and Technology Association
          California Retailers Association 
          CAWA - Representing the Automotive Parts Industry
          Chamber of Commerce Mountain View
          Civil Justice Association of California 
          El Centro Chamber of Commerce & Visitors Bureau
          Fullerton Chamber of Commerce
          Greater Bakersfield Chamber of Commerce
          Greater Fresno Area Chamber of Commerce
          Irvine Chamber of Commerce
          National Federation of Independent Business
          Palm Desert Area Chamber of Commerce
          Redondo Beach Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Bureau
          Santa Clara Chamber of Commerce and Convention Visitors Bureau
          Santa Maria Valley Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Convention  
          Bureau
          Simi Valley Chamber of Commerce
          South Bay Association of Chambers of Commerce 
          Western Electrical Contractors Association (WECA)

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