BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                       AB 896


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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING


          AB  
          896 (Wagner)


          As Introduced  February 26, 2015


          Majority vote


           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Committee       |Votes |Ayes                |Noes                |
          |----------------+------+--------------------+--------------------|
          |Local           |7-1   |Maienschein, Chiu,  |Gonzalez            |
          |Government      |      |Cooley, Gordon,     |                    |
          |                |      |Holden, Linder,     |                    |
          |                |      |Waldron             |                    |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 


          SUMMARY:  Allows counties to seek reimbursement from residents age  
          16 or older for search or rescue costs under specified conditions.  
           Specifically, this bill:  




          1)Provides that, whenever a county or city and county is billed  
            for a search or rescue of one of its residents who is 16 years  
            of age or older by another county or city and county, the county  
            or city and county receiving the bill may in turn seek  
            reimbursement for the actual costs incurred, including, but not  
            limited to, the cost of operating vehicles or aircraft, the  
            salaries of employees, and the cost of providing emergency  
            medical services, from that resident if the need for the search  
            or rescue necessitated the use of extraordinary methods and was  








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            caused by any of the following:


             a)   Any intentional act in knowing violation of any federal or  
               state law or local ordinance; or,


             b)   Any act or omission by the person searched for or rescued  
               that shows wanton and reckless misconduct in disregard for  
               his or her safety.


          2)Prohibits the county or city and county from collecting charges  
            from those persons whom the county or city and county determines  
            are unable to pay the charges.
          3)Prohibits a county or city and county from billing a resident  
            more than $12,000, adjusted annually for inflation as measured  
            by the percentage change in the California Consumer Price Index  
            from January 1st of the prior year to January 1st of the current  
            year, as determined by the Department of Industrial Relations,  
            for a search or rescue unless the search or rescue was caused by  
            a criminal violation of any federal or state law punishable as a  
            felony.


          4)Provides that, when a person 16 years of age or older living  
            within a county or city and county that conducts a search or  
            rescue of that person, that person shall pay the county or city  
            and county conducting the search or rescue for the actual cost  
            incurred for the search or rescue, including, but not limited  
            to, the cost of operating vehicles or aircraft, the salaries of  
            employees, and the cost of providing emergency medical services,  
            within 30 days after being billed for those charges pursuant to  
            1) above.


          5)Provides that a county or a city and county must adopt an  
            ordinance in order to exercise this bill's authority to seek  
            reimbursement for search or rescue costs, as specified above. 








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          EXISTING LAW:  




          1)Provides that a county board of supervisors may authorize the  
            sheriff to search for and rescue persons who are lost or are in  
            danger of their lives within or in the immediate vicinity of the  
            county, and that the consequent expense incurred by the sheriff  
            is a proper county charge.


          2)Requires the county or city and county of residence of a person  
            searched for or rescued by a sheriff to pay to the county or  
            city and county conducting the search or rescue all of the  
            reasonable search or rescue expenses in excess of $100 within 30  
            days, as specified.


          3)Provides that any person whose intentionally wrongful conduct  
            proximately causes an incident resulting in an appropriate  
            emergency response is liable for the expenses of an emergency  
            response by a public agency, up to $12,000 per incident.   
            "Intentionally wrongful conduct" means conduct intended to  
            injure another person or property.


          4)Provides that any person who is under the influence of an  
            alcoholic beverage or any drug, as specified, whose negligent  
            operation of a motor vehicle, boat or vessel, or civil aircraft  
            proximately causes any incident resulting in an appropriate  
            emergency response, is liable for the expense of an emergency  
            response by a public agency to the incident, as specified.


          FISCAL EFFECT:  None









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          COMMENTS:  




          1)Bill Summary.  This bill allows counties to seek reimbursement  
            for costs incurred in search or rescue efforts by billing any  
            resident age 16 or older, who must pay within 30 days, if the  
            need for a search for, or rescue of, that person necessitated  
            the use of extraordinary methods and was caused by any of the  
            following:


             a)   Any intentional act in knowing violation of any federal or  
               state law or local ordinance; or,


             b)   Any act or omission by the person searched for or rescued  
               that shows wanton and reckless misconduct in disregard for  
               his or her safety.


            A county is not allowed to collect charges from a person who the  
            county determines is unable to pay, nor is a county allowed to  
            bill a resident more than $12,000 unless the search or rescue  
            was caused by a criminal violation of any federal or state law  
            punishable as a felony.  A county must adopt an ordinance in  
            order to exercise this bill's authority to seek reimbursement  
            for search or rescue costs.  This bill is sponsored by the  
            author.


          2)Author's Statement.  According to the author, "California law  
            does not allow a county to recover the actual cost of search or  
            rescue of a resident who is 16 years of age or older if the need  
            for the search or rescue of that resident was necessitated by  
            the use of extraordinary methods and if any of the following was  
            a contributing factor to the need for the search or rescue:  a)  








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            any act in violation of any federal or state law or local  
            ordinance; or b) any act or omission by the person searched for  
            or rescued that shows wanton and reckless misconduct in  
            disregard for his or her safety."
          3)Background.  In March of 2013, Nicholas Cendoya and Kyndall Jack  
            became lost while hiking in Trabuco Canyon, resulting in an  
            extensive search that cost responding agencies more than  
            $160,000.  For the Orange County agencies, the Orange County  
            Sheriff's Department's costs were $32,273.23; the Orange County  
            Fire Authority's costs were $55,000; and, Orange County Parks'  
            costs were $6,421.  The hikers admitted to being under the  
            influence of drugs when they became disoriented and lost their  
            way.  Methamphetamine was recovered from Cendoya's backpack in a  
            car that the two hikers drove to the location.


            This bill is modeled after former Government Code Sections  
            26614.6 and 26614.7.  Under former Government Code Section  
            26614.6, whenever a county was billed for a search or rescue of  
            one of its residents 16 years of age or older by another county,  
            the county receiving the bill could in turn seek reimbursement  
            for the actual cost incurred from that resident if the need for  
            the search or rescue necessitated the use of extraordinary  
            methods and was caused by any of the following:  a) Any  
            intentional act in knowing violation of any federal or state law  
            or local ordinance; or b) Any act or omission by the person  
            searched for or rescued that shows wanton and reckless  
            misconduct in disregard for his or her safety.  


            Under former Government Code Section 26614.7, a county could  
            bill the search and rescue costs, up to $5,000, to a resident 16  
            years of age or older if the need for that resident's search or  
            rescue necessitated the use of extraordinary methods and was  
            caused by any of the following:  a) Any intentional act in  
            knowing violation of any federal or state law or local  
            ordinance; or, b) Any act or omission by the person searched for  
            or rescued that shows wanton and reckless misconduct in  
            disregard for his or her safety.  The prior statutes sunsetted  








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            on January 1, 1999.




          4)Policy Considerations.  This bill presents a number of policy  
            considerations:


             a)   Liability Cap.  Existing law limits liability for any  
               person whose intentionally wrongful conduct proximately  
               causes an incident resulting in an appropriate emergency  
               response to $12,000 per incident.  The provisions of prior  
               law this bill seeks to reinstate also contained a cap of  
               $5,000.  This bill contains a limited cap of $12,000, but  
               leaves unrestricted the amount a county can bill for a search  
               or rescue that is caused by a criminal violation of any  
               federal or state law punishable as a felony.


             b)   Age.  This bill would allow charges against anyone age 16  
               and above, with no explanation for this age limit aside from  
               referring to the now-sunsetted provisions of prior law.


             c)   County Determination.  This bill allows a county to  
               determine whether a person subject to its provisions is able  
               to pay for search or rescue costs, even though the county  
               would have a financial interest in that determination.


             d)   Terminology and Definitions.  The use of the phrase  
               "extraordinary methods" is not defined in this bill or in  
               current law.  This bill also does not specify who would  
               determine: what "extraordinary methods" constitutes; what  
               "wanton and reckless misconduct" encompasses; or, whether a  
               federal or state law or local ordinance has been violated.










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          5)Previous Legislation.  AB 2151 (Wagner) of 2014 was nearly  
            identical to this bill.  AB 2151 was vetoed with the following  
            message:


               While I agree with the author's intent to discourage  
               unlawful actions that can place persons and rescue  
               personnel in danger, this bill contains vague language that  
               may create an incentive for counties to abuse the authority  
               granted by this bill.  Current law already allows counties  
               to recover costs for search and rescue through a civil  
               lawsuit if they can prove 'gross negligence' on behalf of  
               the rescued individual.  This bill would allow counties to  
               bypass that due process completely and serve an individual  
               with a bill for up to $12,000.  I encourage the author to  
               craft a bill that strikes the right balance between  
               appropriate due process and cost recovery for reckless  
               misconduct.


          6)Arguments in Support.  The California State Sheriffs'  
            Association, in support, states, "Currently, California law does  
            not provide for a county to recover costs from individuals for  
            search and rescue operations that require the use of  
            extraordinary methods and/or extensive search efforts and result  
            in exorbitant costs to responding agencies.  When these efforts  
            are necessitated by a willful act of negligence, misconduct, or  
            disregard for personal safety by a resident, the law should  
            provide recourse for a public agency to collect on the resources  
            expended."


          7)Arguments in Opposition.  None on file.


          Analysis Prepared by:                                               
                          Angela Mapp / L. GOV. / (916) 319-3958  FN:  
          0000122









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