BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING


          AB  
          1258 (Chau)


          As Amended  May 6, 2015


          Majority vote


           ------------------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Committee       |Votes |Ayes                |Noes                  |
          |                |      |                    |                      |
          |                |      |                    |                      |
          |----------------+------+--------------------+----------------------|
          |Education       |6-0   |O'Donnell, Kim,     |                      |
          |                |      |McCarty, Santiago,  |                      |
          |                |      |Thurmond, Weber     |                      |
          |                |      |                    |                      |
          |----------------+------+--------------------+----------------------|
          |Appropriations  |13-1  |Gomez, Bonta,       |Bigelow               |
          |                |      |Calderon, Chang,    |                      |
          |                |      |Daly, Eggman,       |                      |
          |                |      |Eduardo Garcia,     |                      |
          |                |      |Gordon, Holden,     |                      |
          |                |      |Quirk, Rendon,      |                      |
          |                |      |Weber, Wood         |                      |
          |                |      |                    |                      |
          |                |      |                    |                      |
           ------------------------------------------------------------------- 


          SUMMARY:  Establishes a Computer Science Start-Up Courses Grant  
          Pilot program and a Computer Science Educator Training Grant Pilot  
          program, for the purpose of providing grants to school districts  
          to establish and maintain computer science courses and provide  








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          professional development for educators to teach computer science.   
          Specifically, this bill:  


          1)Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI) to  
            establish a public-private computer science education grant  
            program through which an eligible school district may receive  
            funding to establish and maintain computer science courses and  
            provide professional development for educators to teach computer  
            science, either as a stand-alone course or integrated into other  
            courses.  


          2)Establishes the program as consisting of two parts:  the  
            Computer Science Start-Up Courses Grant Pilot program and the  
            Computer Science Educator Training Grant Pilot program.  Permits  
            school districts to apply for participation in either or both of  
            those two programs.


          3)Requires the SPI to provide notice of this program to all school  
            districts and encourage them to apply for participation in this  
            program.


          4)Requires the SPI to award one-year grants to school districts to  
            applicants deemed to be eligible, and allows a school district  
            that receives a grant to apply for a grant in a subsequent year,  
            but requires that grants not be automatically renewed.


          5)States that in order to be deemed eligible for the program, a  
            school district must meet all of the following criteria:


             a)   Demonstrate engaged and committed leadership in support of  
               introducing students to computer science who would not  
               otherwise have such opportunities.









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             b)   Demonstrate a plan to engage these students with the  
               subject matter of computer science.


             c)   Demonstrate that school district staff are appropriately  
               trained to carry out the plan.


             d)   Demonstrate capacity to maximize the use of grant  
               resources by addressing the availability of appropriate  
               physical space and technology, projected enrollment, and  
               other specific requirements set forth by the SPI.


             e)   Demonstrate a history of successful partnerships within  
               the community and partner support for computer science.   
               Partnership support may include, supplying materials or  
               technology, instruction support, internships, mentorships,  
               and apprenticeships.


             f)   Demonstrate the capacity to continue in the school years  
               following the initial grant year.


          1)States that the SPI may convene an advisory group of computer  
            science experts to discuss and refine the eligibility criteria,  
            and allows the SPI to use the same group of computer science  
            experts selected to produce state standards in computer science.


          2)Requires the SPI to give priority in making grants for both  
            programs to school districts with higher percentages of low  
            income, English learner, and foster youth, and award grants to  
            school districts that reflect the socioeconomic and geographic  
            diversity of the state.  










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          3)Requires an applicant to submit a specific plan, developed in  
            consultation with teachers employed by the applicant school  
            district, for an introductory course in computer science  
            designed to be of maximum value in meeting the particular needs  
            of students in that district, including pupils from groups  
            historically underrepresented in the field of computer science.


          4)States that grant funds awarded under this section may be used  
            for one-time purposes associated with the costs of establishing  
            or expanding computer science courses, including teacher  
            recruitment, professional development, instructional materials,  
            laboratory supplies and equipment, and facilities remodeling.


          5)Requires that the grant application for both programs shall be  
            on a form developed by the SPI and shall include, at a minimum,  
            an itemized budget for the one-time use of the grant funds, an  
            identification of local matching resources constituting an  
            amount equaling the amount that would be allocated to the school  
            district, and an agreement by the grant recipient to provide the  
            Superintendent the data needed to complete the report required  
            by the act.


          6)States that the Computer Science Educator Training Grant program  
            is intended to support professional development for educators to  
            acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to teach computer  
            science, either as a stand-alone course or integrated into other  
            courses. 


          7)Requires the SPI to award training grants, on a competitive  
            basis, to eligible educators employed by applicant school  
            districts.  Requires a grant recipient to submit a specific plan  
            for professional development for educators to acquire the  
            knowledge and skills necessary to teach computer science, either  
            as a stand-alone course or integrated into other courses. 









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          8)States that grant funds shall be allocated to fund professional  
            development and training for educators on computer science  
            education.


          9)Establishes the Computer Science Education Grant Matching  
            Account in the State Treasury, to provide matching funds for the  
            Computer Science Start-Up Courses Grant Pilot Program and the  
            Computer Science Educator Training Grant Pilot Program. Requires  
            that a school district that receives a grant under this chapter  
            shall provide a 50% local match, which may include in-kind  
            donations.


          10)Requires that grants and related administrative costs to be  
            funded by a combination of funds from the account and matching  
            funds provided by a participating school district. 


          11)Authorizes the State Treasury to receive, and deposit into the  
            account, any gifts, grants, or donations received for purposes  
            of this chapter from the federal government or private persons  
            or entities. States the intent of the Legislature that no funds  
            from the state General Fund be used to support the grant program  
            established by this bill.


          12)Requires that the funds deposited in the Computer Science  
            Education Grant Matching Account be subject to Budget Act or  
            other appropriation, for purposes of funding the grants  
            established under this chapter and covering related  
            administrative costs, which must be limited to 5% of the  
            allocations made in any fiscal year.


          13)Authorizes the SPI to refund to donors all or a portion of any  
            gift, grant, or donation made to the account by that donor if  
            the funds have not been encumbered due to surplus funding or the  








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            section has not become operative because there are insufficient  
            funds for this purpose.


          14)Requires that the program not become operative unless and until  
            the SPI certifies, in writing, to the Director of Finance that  
            there are sufficient funds, defined as enough to support at  
            least two grants in one of the programs established by this  
            bill, to implement these programs.


          15)Requires the SPI report annually to the Governor and the  
            Legislature on the programs by January 10, 2018, and annually on  
            that date until January 10, 2021.  Requires the  report to  
            include all of the following data:


             a)   The number of applicants.


             b)   The number of participants.


             c)   Increase in the number of courses offered and teachers  
               trained in computer science as a result of the grants made  
               under this chapter.


             d)   For the Computer Science Start-up Courses Grant Pilot  
               Program, the increase in the number of students, including  
               unduplicated students, and students from groups historically  
               underrepresented in the field of computer science, who have  
               taken a computer science course, and to the extent available,  
               any increase in the number of pupils who enroll or intend to  
               enroll in computer science programs at postsecondary  
               educational institutions.


             e)   For the Computer Science Educator Training Grant Pilot  








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               Program, the increase in the number of pupils, including  
               unduplicated pupils and pupils from groups historically  
               underrepresented in the field of computer science, who have  
               taken a course with an educator trained as a result of this  
               program.


             f)   The amount of grant funds awarded each fiscal year,  
               classified by school district.


          1)Sunsets the programs on January 1, 2022.


          EXISTING LAW:  


          1)Requires the Instructional Quality Commission (IQC) to consider  
            developing and recommending to the State Board of Education, on  
            or before July 31, 2019, computer science content standards for  
            kindergarten and grades one to 12 pursuant to recommendations  
            developed by a group of computer science experts.


          2)Requires that, if the governing board of a school district  
            requires more than two courses in mathematics for graduation  
            from high school, the governing board of the school district may  
            award a pupil up to one mathematics course credit for  
            successfully completing a "category C" approved computer science  
            course.


          3)Requires that, on or before July 31, 2019, the IQC consider  
            developing and recommending to the state board computer science  
            content standards for kindergarten and grades 1 to 12,  
            inclusive, pursuant to recommendations developed by a group of  
            computer science experts. 










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          4)Requires the Trustees of the California State University, and  
            requests the Regents of the University of California, to  
            establish a uniform set of academic standards, and create  
            guidelines for high school computer science courses, to satisfy  
            the "A-G" subject requirements for the area of mathematics for  
            purposes of recognition for undergraduate admission.


          FISCAL EFFECT:  According to the Assembly Appropriations  
          Committee: 


          1) Unknown administrative costs to CDE, likely in excess of  
          $300,000. Costs to administer these new grants will depend on the  
          size and scope of the grants. For example, a grant program that  
          awards $1 million dollars to 15 school districts will necessitate  
          a different staffing level than a program that provides $10  
          million dollars to 150 school districts. Staff will be needed to  
          monitor account funds, develop requests for applications, review  
          and score applications, notify grant recipients and collect data  
          to comply with annual reporting requirements. Further, CDE  
          indicates they do not currently have staff or resources available  
          to promote or advocate for donations and/or grants from non-state  
          sources.


          2) This bill does not provide a specific grant amount and  
          specifies that the funding shall be contingent upon "sufficient  
          funds" in the newly created fund and subject to an appropriation  
          by the Legislature. The source of revenue for the fund will be  
          gifts, grants or donations.


          COMMENTS:  


          Need for the bill.  The author's office states, "California  
          policymakers, business leaders, and educators understand the value  
          of computer science education, as evidenced by the numerous bills  








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          signed into law in 2013 to 2014. As we continue to move towards  
          integrating computer science into all K-12 classrooms, we must  
          also improve the future participation and success of  
          underrepresented populations in this field of study.  When we look  
          at the number of students that took the Advanced Placement  
          Computer Science exam in California in 2013, out of the 4,964  
          students, 74 were African American, 392 were Hispanic, and 1,074  
          were females. Consequently, there is a need to incentivize school  
          districts to support innovative ways to introduce and engage  
          students from historically underrepresented groups to computer  
          science.  At the same time, it is critical to encourage school  
          districts to offer professional development to their teachers on  
          this emerging subject matter."


          Teacher certification in computer science.  In a 2013 report  
          titled Bugs in the System: Computer Science Teacher Certification  
          in the U.S., the Computer Science Teachers Association writes  
          that, nationally, teacher certification programs in this subject  
          are confused, disparate and sometimes "absurd," and that the  
          process is "typified by confounding processes and illogical  
          procedures-bugs in the system that keep it from functioning as  
          intended."  They recommend, among other changes, the establishment  
          of pathways for people transitioning from industry to teaching,  
          the development of a Praxis Computer Science examination, and  
          requirements for teacher preparation institutions to include  
          programs to prepare computer science teachers.


          California has three Single Subject Teaching Credentials  
          (Mathematics, Business, and Industrial and Technology Education)  
          and a supplementary authorization (Computer Concepts and  
          Applications) that authorize a teacher to provide instruction in  
          computer science.  The Commission on Teacher Credentialing is  
          currently modifying their Computer Concepts and Applications  
          authorization to reflect a change in focus from teaching basic  
          computer use, keyboarding, and software application to broader  
          preparation in computer science education.  Changes to the  
          authorization are expected later this year. 








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          Analysis Prepared by:                                               
                          Tanya Lieberman / ED. / (916) 319-2087  FN:  
          0000716