BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON INSURANCE
                             Senator Richard Roth, Chair
                                2015 - 2016  Regular 

          Bill No:              AB 1429       Hearing Date:    June 24,  
          2015
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          |Author:    |Chiu                                                 |
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          |Version:   |April 20, 2015    Amended                            |
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          |Urgency:   |No                     |Fiscal:    |Yes              |
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          |Consultant:|Erin Ryan                                            |
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                Subject:  Earthquake loss mitigation: grant programs.


           SUMMARY     Recognizes the California Residential Mitigation Program  
          (CRMP), a joint powers authority (JPA) created in 2012 by the  
          California Earthquake Authority (CEA) and the Office of  
          Emergency Services (OES) to provide grants to residential  
          homeowners for the purpose of defraying the cost of seismic  
          retrofitting, among other purposes and requires, if the  
          legislature appropriates funds, the CRMP to implement a grant  
          program and, on or after July 1, 2017, make grants that assist a  
          qualifying owner of a multiunit residential structure defray the  
          owner's cost of seismic retrofitting of the structure, as  
          specified.
          
           
          DIGEST
            
          Existing law
            
           1)  Provides that no policy of property insurance may be issued or  
              delivered in this state unless the insurer has been offered  
              earthquake insurance (mandatory offer).

           2)  Defines a residential property for purposes of the mandatory  
              offer as individually owned residential structure of not more  
              than 4 dwelling units.

           3)  Establishes the CEA, a privately financed, publicly managed  
              entity to provide residential earthquake insurance. 







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           4)  Defines residential earthquake insurance as a policy insuring  
              individually owned residential structures with no more than four  
              dwelling units. 

           5)  Establishes the Earthquake Loss Mitigation Fund (ELMF) within  
              the CEA to provide grants or loans to dwelling owners who wish  
              to retrofit their homes. (Insurance Code § 10089.37 et seq.)

           6)  Allocates to the ELMF five percent of CEA's investment income,  
              or $5 million, whichever is less, annually.

           7)  Requires the OES to carry out a variety of duties with respect  
              to emergency preparedness, mitigation, and response activities  
              in the state, including earthquake education and preparedness  
              activities.

           
          This bill

           1)Makes legislative findings regarding the impact recent  
            earthquakes have had on increasing interest in mitigating the  
            damage to residential homes from earthquakes, the Earthquake  
            Brace + Bolt (Brace + Bolt) program operated jointly by the  
            CEA and the OES, the low take-up rate for earthquake  
            insurance, and the need to create and fund a program to assist  
            California homeowners with earthquake mitigation repairs.

          2)Recognizes the CRMP, a JPA created in 2012 by the CEA and OES  
            to provide grants to residential homeowners for the purpose of  
            defraying the cost of seismic retrofitting, among other  
            purposes.

          3)Requires, if the legislature appropriates funds, the CRMP to  
            implement a grant program and, on or after July 1, 2017, make  
            grants that assist a qualifying owner of a multiunit  
            residential structure defray the owner's cost of seismic  
            retrofitting of the structure.

          4)Requires an applicant for a grant to meet specified  
            conditions, including:

               a.     The applicant is the owner of record, and has  
                 secured the written consent of all other owners of the  








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                 structure to make a grant application;
               b.     The structure is a residential building with 5 to 10  
                 dwelling units;
               c.     The occupants of the dwelling units qualify as "low  
                 income", as specified; and
               d.     The structure meets eligibility requirements  
                 established by the JPA.

          5)Requires the CRMP governing board to adopt policies and  
            procedures necessary to implement this program, including  
            developing seismic structural requirements for residential  
            buildings of 5 to 10 units, provide notice and opportunity for  
            public review and comment, and publish the policies and  
            procedures on the CRMP Website.  


           COMMENTS
            
          1.  Purpose of the bill    To expand on Brace + Bolt by creating  
              a statewide earthquake retrofit program to cover the tens of  
              thousands of small multi-family residential structures that  
              need retrofitting.  


           2.  Background    Currently, fewer than 12% of California  
              homeowners purchase earthquake insurance, despite  
              predictions that the state will experience a major  
              earthquake sometime in the next 30 years. The low frequency  
              of earthquake disasters, compared to other natural  
              catastrophes, tends to shape the perception that earthquake  
              risk is much lower than it actually is, even in places where  
              there have been very deadly and damaging events like  
              California.  In addition, earthquake insurance policies can  
              be expensive and carry large deductibles, making them  
              unattractive to homeowners who are not mandated to carry  
              such coverage by their lenders. 
               
               No policy of residential property insurance can be issued in  
              this state unless the person purchasing the policy has also  
              been offered earthquake insurance. This "mandatory offer"  
              requirement does not apply to the small commercial apartment  
              properties covered by this bill.

              Building owners and homeowners can greatly reduce their  








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              exposure to earthquake damage by taking relatively simple,  
              low cost steps to strengthen their structures to better  
              withstand earthquakes. An additional benefit of seismic  
              retrofitting is the availability of discounts on earthquake  
              insurance premiums as a result of the lower risk of damage  
              to the building.

              The magnitude 6.7 Northridge Earthquake in 1994 was the  
              costliest natural disaster in the history of California,  
              with more than $25 billion in property damage, and $49  
              billion in economic losses to the region and state.  
              Modelling by risk experts has shown that a major earthquake  
              in the San Francisco Bay Area or in southern California  
              could have an even greater impact on homeowners, businesses,  
              employees, and payrolls in the area than Hurricane Katrina  
              had in Louisiana and Mississippi.  These disasters show that  
              if communities are inadequately prepared, disasters of  
              similar severity, paired with our low level of insured risk,  
              could cripple California's economy.

              In August 2011, the CRMP was established as a JPA entity by  
              the CEA and OES to carry out mitigation programs to assist  
              California homeowners who wish to seismically retrofit their  
              houses.  CRMP's goal is to provide grants and other types of  
              assistance and incentives for these mitigation efforts.  
              Brace + Bolt, the CRMP's first program launched  in 2013,   
              provides grants of up to $3,000 for homeowners who have  
              qualifying homes and meet specified building code  
              requirements. According to the CEA, 16 homes have qualified  
              and completed retrofits under the program, and 650 retrofits  
              are planned in 2015.  CEA estimates that there are  
              approximately 1.6 million owner-occupied houses in  
              California that meet the criteria of Brace + Bolt -1.2  
              million of those are in higher-hazard areas. Those numbers  
              do not include other, non- Brace + Bolt types of homes that  
              would benefit from seismic retrofits. Currently that program  
              is limited to single family homes.

              The cost of Brace + Bolt retrofits is coming in between  
              $3,000 and $6,000 for the single-family dwellings presently  
              eligible-the cost seems to be lower in Southern California  
              than in the Bay Area. But the more complicated the retrofit  
              (e.g., for "soft-story" and hillside houses), the more  
              expensive the project will be.  Retrofitting houses and  








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              small apartment buildings with soft first-stories (e.g.,  
              living space over the garage), can cost $10,000 to $20,000  
              or more. 

              It is committee staff's understanding that language  
              mirroring this bill and AB 1440, also before this committee  
              today, has been included in a budget trailer bill, along  
              with an appropriation to increase funding for CRMP to award  
              earthquake mitigation grants.

           3.  Support    According to the Insurance Commissioner, AB 1429  
              will expand on Brace + Bolt and scale it into a statewide,  
              sustainable earthquake retrofit incentive program.  Once  
              funds are appropriated by the legislature, it will provide  
              monetary grants that assist a qualified owner of multi-unit  
              apartment buildings with 5 to 10 residential units, whose  
              tenants cannot afford a rent increase, by defraying the  
              owner's cost of seismic retrofitting of the structure. The  
              California Apartment Association supports AB 1429 because  
              most all residential rental property owners who own small  
              buildings struggle to pay for the cost of seismic retrofit  
              for their buildings. United Policyholders supports AB 1429  
              because it protects low-income residents from becoming  
              homeless after a catastrophic earthquake. Low-income tenants  
              may not be able to afford a rent increase to finance the  
              retrofit expenses passed on by the owner, and they may also  
              not be able to afford renters insurance and earthquake  
              insurance. This leaves them vulnerable and without a  
              necessary safety net. This bill will also provide  
              retrofitting standards that can be passed along to all  
              apartment building owners.

           4.  Opposition    None received.
           

          5.  Questions    This bill expands the CRMP and Brace + Bolt  
              program to include small commercial apartment properties,  
              but unlike the existing program, would rely on legislatively  
              appropriated funds.  The current grant program is limited in  
              the number of grants it can provide by its reliance on the  
              existing ELMF.  The grants provided by this bill are  
              contingent upon an appropriation by the legislature.  Will  
              this be sufficient to both expand the single family home  
              program and to provide grants to retrofit smaller commercial  








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              apartment properties? AB 1440 limits grants to single family  
              homes to the lesser of 75% of the qualifying retrofit, or  
              $3,000. Should there be a mandatory cost-sharing requirement  
              for property owners under this bill?


           6.  Related Legislation   

              AB 1440 (Nazarian) would require the CRMP to implement a  
              grant program, on or after July 1, 2017, that assists  
              qualifying owners of single-family residential structures to  
              defray the owner's cost of seismic retrofitting of the  
              structure if the legislature appropriates money for that  
              purpose.

              SB 602 (Monning) adds the CEA to the list of public entities  
              authorized to utilize property assessment districts, impose  
              liens and issue bonds for the purpose of creating a  
              statewide earthquake mitigation assessment district to fund  
              voluntary residential seismic strengthening improvements.

              AB 428 (Nazarian) allows, for taxable years beginning on or  
              after January 1, 2016, and before January 1, 2021, a tax  
              credit under the Personal Income Tax Law and the Corporation  
              Tax Law in an amount equal to 30% of the qualified costs  
              paid or incurred by a qualified taxpayer for any seismic  
              retrofit construction on a qualified building, as defined.
               

          POSITIONS
            
          Support
           
          California Department of Insurance (sponsor)
          California Apartment Association
          California Association of Realtors
          City and County of San Francisco
          City of Los Angeles
          City of West Hollywood
          United Policyholders  

          Oppose
               
          None received








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