BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                    AB 1763


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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING


          AB  
          1763 (Gipson)


          As Amended  May 31, 2016


          Majority vote


           ------------------------------------------------------------------ 
          |Committee       |Votes|Ayes                  |Noes                |
          |                |     |                      |                    |
          |                |     |                      |                    |
          |                |     |                      |                    |
          |----------------+-----+----------------------+--------------------|
          |Health          |14-0 |Wood, Maienschein,    |                    |
          |                |     |Bonilla, Burke,       |                    |
          |                |     |Campos, Chiu, Gomez,  |                    |
          |                |     |Roger Hernández,      |                    |
          |                |     |Lackey, Nazarian,     |                    |
          |                |     |Olsen, Rodriguez,     |                    |
          |                |     |Santiago, Steinorth   |                    |
          |                |     |                      |                    |
          |----------------+-----+----------------------+--------------------|
          |Appropriations  |14-3 |Gonzalez, Bloom,      |Bigelow, Jones,     |
          |                |     |Bonilla, Bonta,       |Wagner              |
          |                |     |Calderon, Daly,       |                    |
          |                |     |Eggman, Eduardo       |                    |
          |                |     |Garcia, Roger         |                    |
          |                |     |Hernández, Holden,    |                    |
          |                |     |Quirk, Santiago,      |                    |
          |                |     |Weber, Wood           |                    |
          |                |     |                      |                    |
          |                |     |                      |                    |
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                                                                    AB 1763


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          SUMMARY:  Requires health care service plan (health plan)  
          contracts and health insurance policies to cover all colorectal  
          cancer (CRC) screening examinations and laboratory tests  
          assigned either an "A" or "B" grade by the United States  
          Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) for individuals at  
          average risk.  Requires coverage for high risk individuals to  
          include additional tests as listed by the USPSTF as a  
          recommended screening strategy and at least at the frequency  
          established pursuant to regulations issued by the federal  
          Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.  Prohibits cost  
          sharing for individuals 50 to 75 years of age, as specified.  


          FISCAL EFFECT:  


          1)This bill has been narrowed since the California Health  
            Benefits Review Program (CHBRP) reviewed its provisions.   
            CHBRP found the following costs associated with a more  
            expansive version of this bill: 


             a)   No costs to Medi-Cal (General Fund/federal) and $1.3  
               million to CalPERS for increased premiums. 


             b)   Increased employer-funded premium costs in the private  
               insurance market of approximately $17.3 million.


             c)   Increased premium expenditures by employees and  
               individuals purchasing insurance of $26.5 million, and  
               decreased out-of-pocket expenses of $35.4 million.   


            Though a revised CHBRP review is not available at this time,  
            the narrower bill is likely to result in a lower cost impact  








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            than noted above.  


          2)Minor costs to the California Department of Insurance  
            (Insurance Fund) and the Department of Managed Health Care  
            (Managed Care Fund) to verify plans and insurers comply with  
            this requirement.


          COMMENTS:  According to the author, this bill is needed to  
          remove cost barriers to colonoscopies for adults 50 to 75 years  
          of age, helping to catch cases of CRC sooner and save the lives  
          of many.  The author notes that the Patient Protection and  
          Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires coverage of CRC screening  
          tests by health plans with no cost sharing for persons age 50 to  
          75 years.  This is important because cost had been a barrier to  
          more people getting life-saving early detection tests for CRC.   
          Some individuals, including those from low income communities  
          and communities of color may not have initial access to  
          screening colonoscopy or may prefer a stool blood test because  
          the procedure is simpler, has lower risk of complications, and  
          is less invasive.  If a stool blood test is positive, follow up  
          colonoscopy is needed to examine the entire colon and remove any  
          polyps found during the procedure.  This process is still part  
          of the "screening" and completes the continuum of care in CRC  
          screening.  However, some plans impose cost sharing for the  
          follow up colonoscopy and/or the polyp removal.  Some patients,  
          because of cost, will forgo the follow up colonoscopy leaving  
          them at higher risk for CRC and death.  As with all cancers, the  
          sooner it is detected and treated, the more likely the patient  
          is to survive.


          The USPSTF recommends, with an "A" grade, screening for  
          colorectal cancer using fecal occult blood testing,  
          sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy in adults, beginning at age 50  
          years and continuing until age 75 years.  The federal  
          Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Treasury  
          has published frequently asked questions (FAQs) with answers  








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          related to provisions of the ACA.  Set 12 of these FAQs include  
          the following two that are relevant to this bill:


          Question:  If a colonoscopy is scheduled and performed as a  
          screening procedure pursuant to the USPSTF recommendation, is it  
          permissible for a plan or issuer to impose cost-sharing for the  
          cost of a polyp removal during the colonoscopy?  Answer:  No.   
          Based on clinical practice and comments received from the  
          American College of Gastroenterology, American  
          Gastroenterological Association, American Society of  
          Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and the Society for Gastroenterology  
          Nurses and Associates, polyp removal is an integral part of a  
          colonoscopy.  Accordingly, the plan or issuer may not impose  
          cost-sharing with respect to a polyp removal during a  
          colonoscopy performed as a screening procedure.  On the other  
          hand, a plan or issuer may impose cost-sharing for a treatment  
          that is not a recommended preventive service, even if the  
          treatment results from a recommended preventive service.


          Question:  Some USPSTF recommendations apply to certain  
          populations identified as high-risk.  Some individuals, for  
          example, are at increased risk for certain diseases because they  
          have a family or personal history of the disease.  It is not  
          clear, however, how a plan or issuer would identify individuals  
          who belong to a high-risk population.  How can a plan or issuer  
          determine when a service should or should not be covered without  
          cost-sharing?  Answer:  Identification of "high-risk"  
          individuals is determined by clinical expertise.  Decisions  
          regarding whether an individual is part of a high-risk  
          population, and should therefore receive a specific preventive  
          item or service identified for those at high-risk, should be  
          made by the attending provider.  Therefore, if the attending  
          provider determines that a patient belongs to a high-risk  
          population and a USPSTF recommendation applies to that high-risk  
          population, that service is required to be covered in accordance  
          with the requirements of the interim final regulations (that is,  
          without cost-sharing, subject to reasonable medical management).








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          The American Cancer Society Cancer Acton Network (ACS CAN), a  
          cosponsor of this bill, states that CRC is the second leading  
          cause of cancer deaths in the United States (U.S.) but is the  
          most preventable with screening and early detection.  Timely and  
          appropriate screening can decrease CRC incidence and mortality  
          by 30% to 60%.  ACS CAN argues that the overall reduction of CRC  
          incidence and mortality rates in the U.S. over the last few  
          years has largely been attributed to increased preventative  
          screening.  Eliminating out-of-pocket cost - sharing for  
          follow-up colonoscopy after a positive stool test will remove a  
          significant barrier to CRC screening and it will greatly  
          contribute to the goal of increasing the nation's CRC screening  
          rate to 80% by 2018.  The California Black Health Network  
          supports this bill because of the devastating incidence of CRC  
          in the African-American community.  


          The California Association of Health Plans argues that this bill  
          will increase costs for employers and individuals by creating a  
          new benefit mandate that expands CRC screening while prohibiting  
          cost-sharing.  Blue Shield of California argues that new USPSTF  
          screening recommendations expected later in 2016 are likely to  
          be different than current ones, making this bill premature.  The  
          Association of California Health Insurance Companies and  
          America's Health Insurance Plans oppose all mandate bills this  
          year arguing that they all negatively impact a robust health  
          insurance marketplace offering competition and choice and stifle  
          the use of innovative, evidence-based medicine.  The California  
          Chamber of Commerce has a number of concerns, including that the  
          cost impact of this bill falls on all enrollees, not only those  
          in the 50 to75-year age range.




          Analysis Prepared by:                                             
                          John Gilman / HEALTH / (916) 319-2097  FN:  








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          0003275