BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
                             Senator Ricardo Lara, Chair
                            2015 - 2016  Regular  Session

          AB 1783 (Dodd) - School facilities:  nonstructural earthquake  
          hazards:  assessment
          
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          |Version: August 1, 2016         |Policy Vote: ED. 9 - 0          |
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          |Urgency: No                     |Mandate: Yes                    |
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          |Hearing Date: August 1, 2016    |Consultant: Jillian Kissee      |
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          This bill meets the criteria for referral to the Suspense File.




          Bill  
          Summary:  This bill requires local educational agencies (LEAs)  
          to complete an inspection of the contents in each of its school  
          buildings accessible by students and located in an area of  
          higher seismicity, as defined.  The purpose of the inspection is  
          to assess whether the contents comply with specified guidelines  
          and to develop corrective actions.


          Fiscal  
          Impact:  
           Mandate:  Unknown significant reimbursable mandate costs to  
            the state.  Costs are likely to be in the low millions.   
            Assuming about 30 counties are subject to the requirements of  
            this bill, representing about 4.5 million students, the  
            inspection requirement for an estimated 150,000 classrooms  
            could cost almost $2 million.  If an estimated 600 school  







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            districts within the 30 counties possibly located in higher  
            seismicity areas spent $2,000 on retrofitting buildings,  
            statewide costs would be about $1.2 million.  Charter schools  
            would incur similar costs but are not eligible for  
            reimbursement on mandate claims.  Actual costs would depend  
            upon a number of unknown factors.  See staff comments.   
            (Proposition 98)  
           Minor costs to the Department of Conservation to provide  
            guidance on how to determine whether an LEA has school  
            buildings located in an area of higher seismicity.
           Potential significant cost avoidance to the extent the  
            preventative measures required by this bill mitigate damage  
            (and more importantly injuries) in the event of an earthquake.


          Background:  On August 24, 2014 a 6.0 magnitude earthquake struck South  
          Napa and while there was very minimal structural damage, Napa  
          Unified School District sustained significant nonstructural  
          damage.  According to the author's office, file cabinets had  
          collapsed on desks, for example, and damage had mostly affected  
          such things as interior partitions, ceilings, mechanical,  
          electrical, and plumbing equipment.  
          When LEAs apply for state bond funds for new construction and/or  
          modernization projects through the State School Facility  
          Program, the LEA must receive approval from the California  
          Department of Education (CDE) to ensure the school site  
          specifications are safe and meet the school's education plan.   
          In addition, the LEA must receive approval from the Division of  
          State Architect (DSA) to ensure that the architectural design  
          plans meet fire, life, and safety requirements pursuant to the  
          Field Act.  The Field Act was enacted in 1933 after an  
          earthquake in Long Beach, and authorized the DSA to develop a  
          statewide building code to make all buildings, especially school  
          buildings, safe from earthquakes.  Because of this, public  
          schools are commonly considered to be the safest public  
          buildings in the state.



          While the Field Act addresses the structural integrity of  
          buildings, there are no requirements that apply to their  
          contents.  Following the 1994 Northridge earthquake, SB 1122  
          (Alarcon, Chapter 294, Statutes of 1999) was enacted to require  
          the Office of Emergency Services to develop an educational  








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          pamphlet.  As a result, the California Emergency Management  
          Agency, in consultation with the DSA, the Seismic Safety  
          Commission and the CDE, developed the "Guide and Checklist for  
          Nonstructural Earthquake Hazards in California School."  This  
          guide covers several components within a building, including the  
          ceilings, walls, and furniture, and specifies various guidelines  
          and recommendations for ensuring earthquake safety related to  
          these components. 


          Proposed Law:  
            This bill requires that by January 1, 2020, each LEA complete  
          an inspection of the contents in each of its school buildings  
          accessible by students and located in an area of higher  
          seismicity, as defined.  The purpose of the inspection is to  
          assess whether the contents in each area comply with the  
          guidelines set forth in the "Guide and Checklist for  
          Nonstructural Earthquake Hazards in California Schools" and to  
          develop corrective actions.
          The following requirements apply to LEAs with buildings in areas  
          of higher seismicity:


           Within 60 days of completing the inspection, report to the  
            governing board of the LEA a checklist of compliant and  
            noncompliant contents.  The report must include prioritization  
            of the most serious threats to safety and include a set of  
            recommended corrective actions for those high-priority  
            contents.  This bill provides that if an LEA completes an  
            inspection before January 1, 2017, the LEA may report the  
            inspection and any corresponding corrective actions it takes  
            to its governing board to comply with this requirement.   


           The governing board of an LEA must review the report in a  
            public meeting and post it on its website.


           The superintendent or chief administrator, as applicable, must  
            annually certify to the governing board of the LEA which  
            corrective actions have been completed and post the  
            certifications online.










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          This bill requires the Department of Conservation to post  
          instructions or a hyperlink on its website on how to determine  
          whether an LEA building is located in an area of higher  
          seismicity.


          This bill specifies that "contents" include, but are not limited  
          to, file cabinets, bookcases, desktop and countertop equipment,  
          equipment on carts, display cases, art objects, potted plants,  
          aquariums, equipment on wheels or rollers, such as pianos and  
          chalkboards, office equipment, refrigerators, vending machines,  
          shop and gym equipment, gas cylinders, gas piping, and storage  
          racks.




          Staff  
          Comments:  The costs of this bill will depend on a number of  
          factors and therefore a precise estimate is unknown.  The cost  
          of this bill largely depends on the number of LEAs subject to  
          the requirements of this bill, and the staff time to conduct  
          inspections, develop corrective actions, report to the governing  
          board of the LEA, and the oversight, review, and certification  
          conducted by the governing board to monitor completion of  
          corrective actions.  These activities would likely be determined  
          to be a reimbursable state mandate by the Commission on State  
          Mandates, however would only be applicable to the LEAs located  
          in areas with "higher seismicity".  
          Higher seismicity in this bill is defined as a probabilistic  
          ground acceleration of 0.3g as estimated through the California  
          Geological Survey's Ground Motion Interpolator found on the  
          Department of Conservation website.  This generally means how  
          fast the ground will move during an earthquake.  A list of LEAs  
          in areas with higher seismicity is unavailable at this time.   
          However, based on the Ground Motion Interpolator, these areas  
          are likely to be coastal and Inland Empire areas of the state. 



          Assuming about 30 counties are subject to the requirements of  








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          this bill, the inspection requirement could cost almost $2  
          million.  Additional requirements to develop corrective actions,  
          report to the governing board, and for board review and  
          certification of corrective actions could drive additional costs  
          in the hundreds of thousands.  If an LEA has already completed  
          an inspection prior to the implementation of this bill, the LEA  
          may report these results to the governing board in lieu of  
          conducting an additional inspection, which will mitigate  
          statewide costs.  According to the Los Angeles Unified School  
          District, this provision would apply to the district.
          To the extent the Commission on State Mandates determines that  
          the cost of implementing the corrective actions are reimbursable  
          under state mandate law, this could drive additional significant  
          costs to the state.  However, these costs would vary widely by  
          LEA depending upon the extent to which they are out of  
          compliance, the remedies chosen to become compliant, and the  
          size of the LEA.  If an estimated 600 school districts within  
          the 30 counties possibly located in higher seismicity areas  
          spent $2,000 on retrofitting buildings, statewide costs would be  
          $1.2 million.  Possible corrective actions pursuant to the  
          guidelines referenced in this bill include securing the cabinets  
          to walls to prevent overturning, and restraining large or heavy  
          office equipment to prevent sliding or blocking an exit way.


          To the extent that conducting the required inspections and  
          implementing any necessary corrective actions mitigates future  
          damages, or more importantly, prevents injuries in the event of  
          an earthquake, greater future costs may be avoided.  According  
          to the author's office, replacing and repairing contents damaged  
          by the earthquake was estimated at $9 million for schools in  
          Napa Unified School District.


          Staff notes that with the funding enacted in the 2016-17 Budget  
          Act to pay down owed mandate claims the estimated outstanding  
          debt is estimated to be $1.6 billion by the end of the current  
          budget year.


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