BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó






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          |SENATE RULES COMMITTEE            |                       AB 1937|
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                                   THIRD READING 


          Bill No:  AB 1937
          Author:   Gomez (D) and Williams (D), et al.
          Amended:  6/27/16 in Senate
          Vote:     21 

           SENATE ENERGY, U. & C. COMMITTEE:  7-3, 6/21/16
           AYES:  Hueso, Hertzberg, Lara, Leyva, McGuire, Pavley, Wolk
           NOES:  Morrell, Cannella, Gaines
           NO VOTE RECORDED:  Hill

           SENATE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY COMMITTEE:  5-2, 6/29/16
           AYES:  Wieckowski, Hill, Jackson, Leno, Pavley
           NOES:  Gaines, Bates

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE:  5-2, 8/1/16
           AYES:  Lara, Beall, Hill, McGuire, Mendoza
           NOES:  Bates, Nielsen

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR:  51-26, 5/23/16 - See last page for vote

           SUBJECT:   Electricity:  procurement


          SOURCE:    Author
          
          DIGEST:  This bill requires an electric investor-owned utility  
          (IOU) that bids for new gas-fired generation resources to  
          consider, and give preference to, bids for resources that are  
          not gas-fired generation resources located in communities that  
          suffer from cumulative pollution burdens.
          
          ANALYSIS:  









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          Existing law:
          
          1)Requires electric utilities to procure 50 percent of their  
            retail sales of electricity from renewable energy by 2030.   
            This is known as the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS).   
            (Public Utilities Code §399.11 et seq.) 


          2)Requires each IOU, in soliciting and procuring eligible  
            renewable energy resources for RPS-eligible California-based  
            projects, to give preference to renewable energy projects that  
            provide environmental and economic benefits to communities  
            afflicted with poverty or high unemployment, or that suffer  
            from high emission levels of toxic air contaminants, criteria  
            air pollutants, and greenhouse gases (GHG).  (Public Utilities  
            Code §399.13)


          3)Requires each IOU to file with the California Public Utilities  
            Commission (CPUC), and requires the CPUC to review and accept,  
            modify or reject, each IOU's proposed electricity procurement  
            plan.  Among other elements, the procurement plan must include  
            a showing that it will achieve the following:


             a)   The IOU will procure eligible renewable energy resources  
               in an amount sufficient to meet its procurement  
               requirements pursuant to the California RPS Program.


             b)   The IOU will create or maintain a diversified  
               procurement portfolio consisting of both short-term and  
               long-term electricity and electricity-related and demand  
               reduction products.


             c)   The IOU will first meet its unmet resource needs through  
               all available energy efficiency and demand reduction  
               resources that are cost effective, reliable, and feasible.  
               (Public Utilities Code §454.5)


          4)Requires the CPUC to adopt a process for each IOU to file an  
            integrated resource plan (IRP) to ensure IOUs meet the GHG  







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            emissions reduction targets for the electricity sector;  
            procure at least 50 percent eligible renewable energy  
            resources by December 31, 2030; enable each IOU to fulfill its  
            obligation to serve its customers at just and reasonable  
            rates; minimize impacts on ratepayers' bills; ensure system  
            and local reliability; strengthen the diversity,  
            sustainability, and resilience of the bulk transmission and  
            distribution systems, and local communities; enhance  
            distribution systems and demand-side energy management; and  
            minimize localized air pollutants and other GHG emissions,  
            with early priority on disadvantaged communities.  (Public  
            Resources Code §454.52) 


          5)Prohibits the construction of a thermal powerplant or electric  
            transmission line without certification from California Energy  
            Commission (CEC), which serves as the lead permitting agency,  
            and authorizes CEC to require the applicant for certification  
            to submit any information, document, or data, it determines is  
            reasonably necessary to make any decision on the application.   
            (Public Resources Code §§25517 and 25519). 

          This bill:

          1)Requires an IOU's proposed procurement plan to include a  
            showing that the procurement plan will achieve the following:

             a)   The IOU, in soliciting bids for gas-fired generation  
               resources from new facilities, is actively seeking bids for  
               resources that are not gas-fired generation resources  
               located in communities that suffer from cumulative  
               pollution burdens, including, but not limited to, high  
               emission levels of toxic air contaminants, criteria air  
               pollutants, and GHGs.

             b)   The IOU, in considering bids for, or negotiating  
               contracts for, new gas-fired generation resources,  
               providing greater preference to resources that are not  
               gas-fired generation resources located in communities that  
               suffer from cumulative pollution burdens, including, but  
               not limited to, high emission levels of toxic air  
               contaminants, criteria air pollutants, and GHGs.

             c)   The IOU undertaking all feasible efforts to meet any  







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               identified resource need through available renewable  
               energy, energy storage, energy efficiency, and demand  
               reduction resources that are cost-effective, reliable, and  
               feasible.

          2)States that requirements described in 1) do not apply to  
            contracts signed by an IOU and approved by the CPUC prior to  
            January 1, 2017.

          3)Requires the CPUC, prior to approving a contract for any new  
            or repowered gas-fired generation resource, requiring the IOU  
            to demonstrate it has complied with the IOU's approved  
            procurement plan.

          4)States that the requirement in existing law - that each IOU  
            give preference to renewable energy projects that provide  
            environmental and economic benefits to communities afflicted  
            with poverty or high unemployment, or that suffer from high  
            emission levels of toxic air contaminants, criteria air  
            pollutants, and GHGs - applies all procurement of eligible  
            renewable energy resources for California-based projects,  
            whether the procurement occur through all-source requests for  
            offers, eligible renewable resources only requests for offers,  
            or other procurement mechanisms and declares this statement to  
            be declarative of existing law.
          
          Background

          Procurement plans tell how an IOU will procure electricity to  
          meet the needs of its customers.  The CPUC describes its  
          long-term procurement plan (LTPP) proceedings as intended to  
          ensure a safe, reliable and cost-effective electricity supply in  
          California through integration and refinement of a comprehensive  
          set of procurement policies, practices and.  LTPP proceedings  
          take a 10-year-ahead look at system, local, and flexible needs.   
          Proceeding assumptions are revised every two years to  
          incorporate changes in the resource mix and revisions to state  
          policies.  

          An IOU's procurement plan - part of an LTPP proceeding - details  
          what and how an IOU is going to procure.  These plans must  
          adhere to state policies, including the loading order, which  
          mandates that utilities seek to meet need first though  
          cost-effective energy efficiency and demand response, followed  







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          by procurement of renewable energy and, lastly, procurement of  
          fossil-fuel-generated electricity. If an IOU's procurement plan  
          does not comply with state policies or adequately balance  
          safety, reliability, cost, and environmental goals, the CPUC  
          orders the IOU to modify the plan. 

          This bill requires that an IOU's procurement plan make several  
          additional showings, each related to the IOU's procurement of  
          new natural-gas-fired generation resources.  Specifically, this  
          bill requires the procurement plan to newly show that the IOU  
          will:

           Actively seek bids for resources that are not gas-fired  
            generation resources located in communities that suffer from  
            cumulative pollution burdens, including, but not limited to,  
            high emission levels of toxic air contaminants, criteria air  
            pollutants, and GHGs.
           In considering bids for, or negotiating contracts for, new  
            gas-fired generation resources, provide greater preference to  
            resources that are not gas-fired generation resources located  
            in communities that suffer from cumulative pollution burdens,  
            including, but not limited to, high emission levels of toxic  
            air contaminants, criteria air pollutants, and GHGs.
           Undertake all feasible efforts to meet any identified resource  
            need through available renewable energy, energy storage,  
            energy efficiency, and demand reduction resources that are  
            cost-effective, reliable, and feasible.

          The author is concerned that the IOU's future procurement of  
          natural-gas fired electricity generating resources may result in  
          the construction of gas-fired generators in communities already  
          disproportionately harmed by pollution.  As an example, the  
          author points to recent experience in the Oxnard area in Ventura  
          County, in which SCE, in 2014, sought approval of 11 contracts,  
          including a 20-year contract for gas-fired generation with NRG  
          Energy Center Oxnard, LLC for a new simple-cycle peaking  
          facility known as the Puente Power Project.  Some interested  
          parties objected that the project would occur in a community  
          already disproportionately harmed by pollution and in other ways  
          disadvantaged; other parties disagreed.  

          What about integrated resource plans?  In 2015, the Legislature  
          passed SB 350 (De Leon, Chapter 547, Statutes of 2015).  In  
          addition to significantly increasing the state's commitment to  







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          renewable energy and energy efficiency, the statute requires the  
          IOUs (as well as the publicly owned utilities) to develop and  
          regularly update IRPs.  The plans, which the CPUC must review  
          and approve, are to detail how each IOU is to meet the state's  
          clean energy and environmental objectives. 

          There is much overlap between the IRP requirements and the  
          requirements of this bill. The author says this overlap is by  
          design.  According to the author, the IRP addresses localized  
          air pollutants and related issues at the planning stage, while  
          the requirements of this bill address similar issues at the  
          procurement stage.  The CPUC, conversely, contends the IRP  
          process will subsume the LTPP process.  If the IRP process works  
          as the CPUC intends, it is unclear there is a need for this  
          bill. 

          Good for the goose but not the gander?  It is unclear why the  
          protections the author seeks to apply to bids for new gas-fired  
          generation resources would not apply to bids to repower  
          equivalent resources.  The potential environmental harm to  
          communities that suffer from cumulative pollution burdens caused  
          by a gas-fired powerplant is independent of whether the  
          powerplant is new or repowered.

          Prior/Related Legislation
          
          SB 350 (De Leon, Chapter 547, Statutes of 2015) created, among  
          other things, the obligation that IOUs develop and regularly  
          update IRPs, which the CPUC must review and approve, and are to  
          detail how each IOU is to meet the state's clean energy and  
          environmental objectives.  


          FISCAL EFFECT:   Appropriation:    No          Fiscal  
          Com.:YesLocal:   Yes

          According to the Senate Committee on Appropriations, one-time  
          costs of approximately $93,000 to the CPUC (Utilities  
          Reimbursement Account) to conduct a rulemaking.


          SUPPORT:   (Verified7/28/16)









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          Audubon California
          Azul
          California Environmental Justice Alliance and CEJA Action
          California League of Conservation Voters
          Clean Power Campaign
          Coalition for Clean Air
          Environment California
          Environmental Defense Fund
          Sierra Club California
          Union of Concerned Scientists


          OPPOSITION:   (Verified7/28/16)


          None received

          ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT:  According to the author:

          The negative public health and environmental impacts of  
          gas-fired power plants are well documented.  Air pollution and  
          particulate matter from power plants are linked to asthma,  
          respiratory ailments, and chronic mortality; heavy metals are  
          linked to cancer; and carbon dioxide emissions and methane  
          leakage contribute significantly to climate change.  With the  
          decommissioning of nuclear power plants and once-through cooling  
          facilities, utilities are procuring new gas-fired generation.   
          It is imperative that utilities make every feasible effort to  
          meet reliability needs through cleaner, preferred resources.  If  
          the need to procure new, gas-fired generation persists,  
          utilities should provide greater priority to resources that do  
          not exacerbate the pollution burdens of communities that have  
          disproportionately borne the brunt of environmental pollution  
          for decades.  As we transition away from fossil fuels and  
          towards a cleaner energy future, we must ensure that  
          California's most impacted communities are not left behind.  AB  
          1937 will ensure that utilities' procurement plans examine  
          options for siting of fossil fuel plants outside of already  
          polluted disadvantaged communities and help them to actively  
          seek clean, renewable generation that benefits these  
          communities. 

          ASSEMBLY FLOOR:  51-26, 5/23/16
          AYES:  Alejo, Atkins, Baker, Bloom, Bonilla, Bonta, Brown,  







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            Burke, Calderon, Campos, Chau, Chiu, Chu, Cooley, Cooper,  
            Dababneh, Daly, Dodd, Frazier, Cristina Garcia, Eduardo  
            Garcia, Gatto, Gipson, Gomez, Gonzalez, Gordon, Roger  
            Hernández, Holden, Irwin, Jones-Sawyer, Levine, Lopez, Low,  
            Maienschein, McCarty, Medina, Mullin, Nazarian, O'Donnell,  
            Quirk, Ridley-Thomas, Rodriguez, Salas, Santiago, Mark Stone,  
            Thurmond, Ting, Weber, Williams, Wood, Rendon
          NOES:  Achadjian, Travis Allen, Bigelow, Brough, Chang, Chávez,  
            Dahle, Beth Gaines, Gallagher, Gray, Grove, Hadley, Harper,  
            Jones, Kim, Lackey, Linder, Mathis, Mayes, Melendez,  
            Obernolte, Olsen, Steinorth, Wagner, Waldron, Wilk
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Arambula, Eggman, Patterson

          Prepared by:Jay Dickenson / E., U., & C. / (916) 651-4107
          8/3/16 18:12:27


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