Amended in Assembly April 13, 2016

Amended in Assembly March 30, 2016

Amended in Assembly March 17, 2016

California Legislature—2015–16 Regular Session

Assembly Bill No. 1951

Introduced by Assembly Member Salas

(Coauthor: Assembly Member Brough)

February 12, 2016

An act to amend Sections 597, 597.5, 600, and 600.5 begin delete of end delete begin insert of, and to add Section 597.8 to, end insert the Penal Code, relating to crimes.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST

AB 1951, as amended, Salas. Crimes: animal cruelty.

Existing law makes it a crime to maliciously and intentionally maim, mutilate, torture, or wound a living animal, or maliciously and intentionally kill an animal. Existing law also makes it a crime to overdrive, overload, drive when overloaded, overwork, torture, torment, deprive of necessary sustenance, drink, or shelter, cruelly beat, mutilate, or cruelly kill an animal. Existing law makes these crimes punishable as a felony by imprisonment in the county jail for 16 months, 2, or 3 years, or as a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or by a fine of not more than $20,000, or by both that fine and either imprisonment. begin insert Existing law requires a defendant granted probation for a conviction of the above crimes to also complete counseling unless the violation involved police dogs or police horses. end insert

begin delete

This bill would instead make the above crimes punishable as a felony by imprisonment in either the state prison for 2, 3, or 4 years, or a county jail for 16 months, 2, or 3 years, or as a misdemeanor by imprisonment in a county jail, or a fine of not more than $20,000, or by both that fine and either the felony or misdemeanor terms of imprisonment.

end delete begin insert

This bill would require defendants granted probation for a violation of the above provisions involving police dogs or police horses to also receive counseling.

end insert

Existing law makes it a crime to own, possess, keep, or train any dog with the intent that the dog shall be engaged in an exhibition of fighting with another dog. Existing law additionally makes it a crime to, for amusement or gain, cause any dog to fight with another dog, or cause any dog to injure another dog. Existing law also makes it a crime for a person to permit either of these acts to be done on premises under his or her charge or control, or to aid or abet either begin delete act. Existing law makes these crimes punishable as a felony by imprisonment in a county jail, or by a fine not to exceed $50,000, or by both that fine and imprisonment. end delete

begin delete

This bill would instead make these crimes punishable as a felony by imprisonment in the state prison, or by a fine not to exceed $50,000, or by both that fine and imprisonment.

end delete

begin insert end insert begin delete Existing law end delete begin insert act. Existing law additionally end insert makes it a crime to willfully and maliciously and with no legal justification take specified actions, including strike, beat, and hurl or project objects at, any horse or dog under the supervision of a peace officer in the discharge or attempted discharge of his or her begin delete duties. If the act causes a serious injury, existing law makes it punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for 16 months, 2, or 3 years, or as a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or by a fine of not more than ($2,000), or by both that fine and either imprisonment. end delete

begin delete

This bill would instead make the above crime punishable as a felony by imprisonment in either the state prison for 2, 3, or 4 years, or a county jail for 16 months, 2, or 3 years, or as a misdemeanor by imprisonment in a county jail, or a fine of not more than $20,000, or by both that fine and either the felony or misdemeanor terms of imprisonment.

end delete

begin delete Existing law end delete begin insert duties. Existing law further end insert makes any person who intentionally causes injury to or the death of any guide, signal, or service dog, as defined, while the dog is in discharge of its duties, guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by both a fine and that imprisonment.

begin delete

This bill would instead make that crime punishable as a felony by imprisonment in either the state prison for 2, 3, or 4 years, or a county jail for 16 months, 2, or 3 years, or as a misdemeanor by imprisonment in a county jail, or by a fine of not more than $20,000, or by both that fine and either the felony or misdemeanor terms of imprisonment.

end delete begin insert

This bill would require defendants granted probation for a conviction under the above crimes to additionally participate in and successfully complete counseling, as specified. By imposing additional duties on local governments, this bill would create a state-mandated local program.

end insert begin insert

Existing law makes it a crime to commit various forms of animal abuse, including, among other things, causing bulls or bears to fight, keeping birds with intent that they be used for an exhibition of fighting, or willfully abandoning an animal.

end insert begin insert

This bill would require, upon conviction of specified types of animal abuse but prior to sentencing, the court to order the person convicted to submit to a psychiatric or psychological examination, to be provided by and paid for by the court. The bill would require the court to consider the result of the examination in determining a sentence.

end insert begin delete

By increasing the punishments for crimes, this bill would create a state-mandated local program.

end delete begin delete

The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.

end delete begin delete

This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.

end delete begin insert

The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.

end insert begin insert

This bill would provide that, if the Commission on State Mandates determines that the bill contains costs mandated by the state, reimbursement for those costs shall be made pursuant to these statutory provisions.

end insert

Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes. State-mandated local program: yes.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1.  

Section 597 of the Penal Code is amended to
read:

597.  

(a) Except as provided in subdivision (c) of this section
or Section 599c, every person who maliciously and intentionally
maims, mutilates, tortures, or wounds a living animal, or
maliciously and intentionally kills an animal, is guilty of a crime
punishable pursuant to subdivision (d).

(b) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (a) or (c), every
person who overdrives, overloads, drives when overloaded,
overworks, tortures, torments, deprives of necessary sustenance,
drink, or shelter, cruelly beats, mutilates, or cruelly kills any
animal, or causes or procures any animal to be so overdriven,
overloaded, driven when overloaded, overworked, tortured,
tormented, deprived of necessary sustenance, drink, shelter, or to
be cruelly beaten, mutilated, or cruelly killed; and whoever, having
the charge or custody of any animal, either as owner or otherwise,
subjects any animal to needless suffering, or inflicts unnecessary
cruelty upon the animal, or in any manner abuses any animal, or
fails to provide the animal with proper food, drink, or shelter or
protection from the weather, or who drives, rides, or otherwise
uses the animal when unfit for labor, is, for each offense, guilty
of a crime punishable pursuant to subdivision (d).

(c) Every person who maliciously and intentionally maims,
mutilates, or tortures any mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, or
fish, as described in subdivision (e), is guilty of a crime punishable
pursuant to subdivision (d).

(d)  A violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c) is punishable as a
felony by imprisonment begin delete in the state prison for two, three, or four
years or end delete pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, by a fine of
not more than twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both that
fine and imprisonment, or alternatively, as a misdemeanor by
imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or by a
fine of not more than twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by
both that fine and imprisonment.

(e) Subdivision (c) applies to any mammal, bird, reptile,
amphibian, or fish which is a creature described as follows:

(1) Endangered species or threatened species as described in
Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 2050) of Division 3 of the
Fish and Game Code.

(2) Fully protected birds described in Section 3511 of the Fish
and Game Code.

(3) Fully protected mammals described in Chapter 8
(commencing with Section 4700) of Part 3 of Division 4 of the
Fish and Game Code.

(4) Fully protected reptiles and amphibians described in Chapter
2 (commencing with Section 5050) of Division 5 of the Fish and
Game Code.

(5) Fully protected fish as described in Section 5515 of the Fish
and Game Code.

This subdivision does not supersede or affect any provisions of
law relating to taking of the described species, including, but not
limited to, Section 12008 of the Fish and Game Code.

(f) For the purposes of subdivision (c), each act of malicious
and intentional maiming, mutilating, or torturing a separate
specimen of a creature described in subdivision (e) is a separate
offense. If any person is charged with a violation of subdivision
(c), the proceedings shall be subject to Section 12157 of the Fish
and Game Code.

(g) (1) Upon the conviction of a person charged with a violation
of this section by causing or permitting an act of cruelty, as defined
in Section 599b, all animals lawfully seized and impounded with
respect to the violation by a peace officer, officer of a humane
society, or officer of a pound or animal regulation department of
a public agency shall be adjudged by the court to be forfeited and
shall thereupon be awarded to the impounding officer for proper
disposition. A person convicted of a violation of this section by
causing or permitting an act of cruelty, as defined in Section 599b,
shall be liable to the impounding officer for all costs of
impoundment from the time of seizure to the time of proper
disposition.

(2) Mandatory seizure or impoundment shall not apply to
animals in properly conducted scientific experiments or
investigations performed under the authority of the faculty of a
regularly incorporated medical college or university of this state.

(h) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a defendant
is granted probation for a conviction under this section, the court
shall order the defendant to pay for, and successfully complete,
counseling, as determined by the court, designed to evaluate and
treat behavior or conduct disorders. If the court finds that the
defendant is financially unable to pay for that counseling, the court
may develop a sliding fee schedule based upon the defendant’s
ability to pay. An indigent defendant may negotiate a deferred
payment schedule, but shall pay a nominal fee if the defendant has
the ability to pay the nominal fee. County mental health
departments or Medi-Cal shall be responsible for the costs of
counseling required by this section only for those persons who
meet the medical necessity criteria for mental health managed care
pursuant to Section 1830.205 of Title 9 of the California Code of
Regulations or the targeted population criteria specified in Section
5600.3 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. The counseling
specified in this subdivision shall be in addition to any other terms
and conditions of probation, including any term of imprisonment
and any fine. This provision specifies a mandatory additional term
of probation and is not to be utilized as an alternative in lieu of
imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or county
jail when that sentence is otherwise appropriate. If the court does
not order custody as a condition of probation for a conviction under
this section, the court shall specify on the court record the reason
or reasons for not ordering custody. begin delete This subdivision shall not
apply to cases involving police dogs or horses as described in
Section 600. end delete

SEC. 2.  

Section 597.5 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

597.5.  

(a) Any person who does any of the following is guilty
of a felony and is punishable by imprisonment begin delete in the state prison end delete
begin insert pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 end insert for 16 months, or two
or three years, or by a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars
($50,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment:

(1) Owns, possesses, keeps, or trains any dog, with the intent
that the dog shall be engaged in an exhibition of fighting with
another dog.

(2) For amusement or gain, causes any dog to fight with another
dog, or causes any dogs to injure each other.

(3) Permits any act in violation of paragraph (1) or (2) to be
done on any premises under his or her charge or control, or aids
or abets that act.

(b) Any person who is knowingly present, as a spectator, at any
place, building, or tenement where preparations are being made
for an exhibition of the fighting of dogs, with the intent to be
present at those preparations, or is knowingly present at that
exhibition or at any other fighting or injuring as described in
paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), with the intent to be present at
that exhibition, fighting, or injuring, is guilty of an offense
punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one
year, or by a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), or
by both that imprisonment and fine.

(c) Nothing in this section shall prohibit any of the following:

(1) The use of dogs in the management of livestock, as defined
by Section 14205 of the Food and Agricultural Code, by the owner
of the livestock or his or her employees or agents or other persons
in lawful custody thereof.

(2) The use of dogs in hunting as permitted by the Fish and
Game Code, including, but not limited to, Sections 4002 and 4756,
and by the rules and regulations of the Fish and Game Commission.

(3) The training of dogs or the use of equipment in the training
of dogs for any purpose not prohibited by law.

begin insert

(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a defendant
is granted probation for a conviction under this section, the court
shall order the defendant to pay for, and successfully complete,
counseling, as determined by the court, designed to evaluate and
treat behavior or conduct disorders. If the court finds that the
defendant is financially unable to pay for that counseling, the court
may develop a sliding fee schedule based upon the defendant’s
ability to pay. An indigent defendant may negotiate a deferred
payment schedule but shall pay a nominal fee if he or she has the
ability to pay the nominal fee. County mental health departments
or Medi-Cal shall be responsible for the costs of counseling
required by this section only for those persons who meet the
medical necessity criteria for mental health managed care pursuant
to Section 1830.205 of Title 9 of the California Code of Regulations
or the targeted population criteria specified in Section 5600.3 of
the Welfare and Institutions Code. The counseling specified in this
subdivision shall be in addition to any other terms and conditions
of probation, including any term of imprisonment and any fine.
This provision specifies a mandatory additional term of probation
and is not to be utilized as an alternative in lieu of imprisonment
pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 when that sentence is
otherwise appropriate. If the court does not order custody as a
condition of probation for a conviction under this section, the court
shall specify on the court record the reason or reasons for not
ordering custody.

end insert

begin insert

begin insert SEC. 3. end insert   

end insert

begin insert Section 597.8 is added to the end insert begin insert Penal Code end insert begin insert , to read: end insert

begin insert

begin insert 597.8. end insert   

Upon conviction pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b) of
Section 597 or Section 597a, 597b, 597h, 597j, 597s, or 597.1, but
prior to sentencing, the court shall order the person convicted to
submit to a psychiatric or psychological examination to determine
his or her potential to reoffend. All examinations shall be provided
for and paid for by the court. The results of the examination shall
be sent by the examining psychologist or psychiatrist to the court
and to the attorneys for the prosecution and the defense. The court
shall consider the results of the examination in determining a
sentence.

end insert

begin delete SEC. 3. end delete

begin insert SEC. 4. end insert   

Section 600 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

600.  

(a) Any person who willfully and maliciously and with
no legal justification strikes, beats, kicks, cuts, stabs, shoots with
a firearm, administers any poison or other harmful or stupefying
substance to, or throws, hurls, or projects at, or places any rock,
object, or other substance which is used in such a manner as to be
capable of producing injury and likely to produce injury, on or in
the path of, a horse being used by, or a dog under the supervision
of, a peace officer in the discharge or attempted discharge of his
or her duties, or a volunteer who is acting under the direct
supervision of a peace officer in the discharge or attempted
discharge of his or her assigned volunteer duties, is guilty of a
public offense. If the injury inflicted is a serious injury, as
described in subdivision (c), begin delete the person is guilty of a felony,
punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or
four years or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a
fine of not more than twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by
both that fine and imprisonment, or alternatively as a misdemeanor
by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a
fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), or by both
that fine and imprisonment. end delete begin insert the person shall be punished by
imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16
months, two or three years, or in a county jail for not exceeding
one year, or by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000),
or by both a fine and imprisonment. end insert If the injury inflicted is not a
serious injury, the person shall be punished by imprisonment in
the county jail for not exceeding one year, or by a fine not
exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both a fine and
imprisonment.

(b) Any person who willfully and maliciously and with no legal
justification interferes with or obstructs a horse or dog being used
by a peace officer in the discharge or attempted discharge of his
or her duties, or a volunteer who is acting under the direct
supervision of a peace officer in the discharge or attempted
discharge of his or her assigned volunteer duties, by frightening,
teasing, agitating, harassing, or hindering the horse or dog shall
be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not exceeding
one year, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000),
or by both a fine and imprisonment.

(c) Any person who, in violation of this section, and with intent
to inflict that injury or death, personally causes the death,
destruction, or serious physical injury including bone fracture, loss
or impairment of function of any bodily member, wounds requiring
extensive suturing, or serious crippling, of a horse or dog, shall,
upon conviction of a felony under this section, in addition and
consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the felony, be
punished by an additional term of imprisonment pursuant to
subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for one year.

(d) Any person who, in violation of this section, and with the
intent to inflict that injury, personally causes great bodily injury,
as defined in Section 12022.7, to any person not an accomplice,
shall, upon conviction of a felony under this section, in addition
and consecutive to the punishment prescribed for the felony, be
punished by an additional term of imprisonment in the state prison
for two years unless the conduct described in this subdivision is
an element of any other offense of which the person is convicted
or receives an enhancement under Section 12022.7.

(e) A defendant convicted of a violation of this section shall be
ordered to make restitution to the agency owning the animal and
employing the peace officer, to a volunteer who is acting under
the direct supervision of a peace officer who is using his or her
horse or supervising his or her dog in the performance of his or
her assigned duties, or to the agency that provides, or the individual
who provides, veterinary health care coverage or veterinary care
for a horse or dog being used by, or under the supervision of, a
volunteer who is acting under the direct supervision of a peace
officer for any veterinary bills, replacement costs of the animal if
it is disabled or killed, and, if applicable, the salary of the peace
officer for the period of time his or her services are lost to the
agency.

begin insert

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a defendant
is granted probation for a conviction under this section, the court
shall order the defendant to pay for, and successfully complete,
counseling, as determined by the court, designed to evaluate and
treat behavior or conduct disorders. If the court finds that the
defendant is financially unable to pay for that counseling, the court
may develop a sliding fee schedule based upon the defendant’s
ability to pay. An indigent defendant may negotiate a deferred
payment schedule but shall pay a nominal fee if he or she has the
ability to pay the nominal fee. County mental health departments
or Medi-Cal shall be responsible for the costs of counseling
required by this section only for those persons who meet the
medical necessity criteria for mental health managed care pursuant
to Section 1830.205 of Title 9 of the California Code of Regulations
or the targeted population criteria specified in Section 5600.3 of
the Welfare and Institutions Code. The counseling specified in this
subdivision shall be in addition to any other terms and conditions
of probation, including any term of imprisonment and any fine.
This provision specifies a mandatory additional term of probation
and is not to be utilized as an alternative in lieu of imprisonment
pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or county jail when
that sentence is otherwise appropriate. If the court does not order
custody as a condition of probation for a conviction under this
section, the court shall specify on the court record the reason or
reasons for not ordering custody.

end insert

begin delete SEC. 4. end delete

begin insert SEC. 5. end insert   

Section 600.5 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

600.5.  

(a) Any person who intentionally causes injury to or
the death of any guide, signal, or service dog, as defined by Section
54.1 of the Civil Code, while the dog is in discharge of its duties,
is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment begin delete in the state prison
for two, three, or four years or end delete pursuant to subdivision (h) of
Section 1170, or by a fine of not more than twenty thousand dollars
($20,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, or alternatively
as a misdemeanor by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding
one year, or by a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars
($20,000), or by both a fine and imprisonment. The court shall
consider the costs ordered pursuant to subdivision (b) when
determining the amount of any fines.

(b) In any case in which a defendant is convicted of a violation
of this section, the defendant shall be ordered to make restitution
to the person with a disability who has custody or ownership of
the dog for any veterinary bills and replacement costs of the dog
if it is disabled or killed, or other reasonable costs deemed
appropriate by the court. The costs ordered pursuant to this
subdivision shall be paid prior to any fines. The person with the
disability may apply for compensation by the California Victim
Compensation and Government Claims Board pursuant to Chapter
5 (commencing with Section 13950) of Part 4 of Division 3 of
Title 2 of the Government Code, in an amount not to exceed ten
thousand dollars ($10,000).

begin insert

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a defendant
is granted probation for a conviction under this section, the court
shall order the defendant to pay for, and successfully complete,
counseling, as determined by the court, designed to evaluate and
treat behavior or conduct disorders. If the court finds that the
defendant is financially unable to pay for that counseling, the court
may develop a sliding fee schedule based upon the defendant’s
ability to pay. An indigent defendant may negotiate a deferred
payment schedule but shall pay a nominal fee if he or she has the
ability to pay the nominal fee. County mental health departments
or Medi-Cal shall be responsible for the costs of counseling
required by this section only for those persons who meet the
medical necessity criteria for mental health managed care pursuant
to Section 1830.205 of Title 9 of the California Code of Regulations
or the targeted population criteria specified in Section 5600.3 of
the Welfare and Institutions Code. The counseling specified in this
subdivision shall be in addition to any other terms and conditions
of probation, including any term of imprisonment and any fine.
This provision specifies a mandatory additional term of probation
and is not to be utilized as an alternative in lieu of imprisonment
pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or county jail when
that sentence is otherwise appropriate. If the court does not order
custody as a condition of probation for a conviction under this
section, the court shall specify on the court record the reason or
reasons for not ordering custody.

end insert

begin delete

SEC. 5.  

No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to
Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution because
the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school
district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or
infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty
for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of
the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within
the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California
Constitution.

end delete

begin insert

begin insert SEC. 6. end insert   

end insert begin insert

If the Commission on State Mandates determines that
this act contains costs mandated by the state, reimbursement to
local agencies and school districts for those costs shall be made
pursuant to Part 7 (commencing with Section 17500) of Division
4 of Title 2 of the Government Code.

end insert