BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY, UTILITIES AND COMMUNICATIONS
                              Senator Ben Hueso, Chair
                                2015 - 2016  Regular 

          Bill No:          AB 2120           Hearing Date:    6/27/2016
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          |Author:    |Weber                                                |
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          |Version:   |4/26/2016    As Amended                              |
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          |Urgency:   |No                     |Fiscal:      |Yes             |
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          |Consultant:|Nidia Bautista                                       |
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          SUBJECT: Public Utilities Commission:  proceedings:  intervenor  
          fees:  customers

            DIGEST:    This bill would authorize compensation for  
          participation or intervention of a county office of education,  
          or a consortium of public school districts or agencies on behalf  
          of local K-12 educational agencies (LEAs) in a California Public  
          Utilities Commission (CPUC) proceeding relating to gas or  
          electricity rates. 

          ANALYSIS:
          
          Existing law:
          
          1)Authorizes intervenors involving electric, water, and  
            telephone utilities to be compensated for making a substantial  
            contribution to proceedings of the CPUC, as determined by the  
            CPUC.  (Public Utilities Code §1801 et seq.)


          2)Requires intervenor compensation to be awarded to eligible  
            intervenors in a timely manner, within a reasonable period  
            after the intervenor has made the substantial contribution to  
            a proceeding that is the basis for the compensation award.   
            (Public Utilities Code §1801.3)


          3)Defines "compensation"  to mean payments for all or part, as  
            determined by the CPUC, of reasonable advocate's fees,  
            reasonable expert witness fees, and other reasonable costs of  
            preparation for and participation in a proceeding, and  







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            includes the fees and costs of obtaining an award, as  
            specified, and of obtaining judicial review, if any.  (Public  
            Utilities Code §1802)


          4)Defines "customer" to mean any of the following:


             a)   A participant representing consumers, customers, or  
               subscribers of any electrical, gas, telephone, telegraph,  
               or water corporation that is subject to the jurisdiction of  
               the CPUC;


             b)   A representative who has been authorized by a customer;  
               or


             c)   A representative of a group or organization authorized  
               pursuant to its articles of incorporation or bylaws to  
               represent the interests of residential customers, or to  
               represent small commercial customers who receive bundled  
               electric service from an electrical corporation.  (Public  
               Utilities Code §1802) 


             d)   States that "customer" does not include any state,  
               federal, or local government agency, any publicly owned  
               public utility, or any entity that, in the CPUC's opinion  
               was established or formed by a local government entity for  
               the purpose of participating in a CPUC proceeding.  (Public  
               Utilities Code §1802)


          5)Establishes an Office of Ratepayer Advocates (ORA) to  
            represent and advocate on behalf of public utility customers  
            with a goal to obtain the lowest possible rate for service  
            consistent with reliable and safe service levels with a  
            primary focus on residential and small commercial customers.   
            (Public Utilities Code §309.5)

          This bill:

          1)Includes findings and declarations that LEAs are limited in  
            their ability to raise local tax revenues, the costs to  








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            intervene in CPUC proceedings is often prohibitive for LEAs,  
            and a county office of education is the appropriate intervenor  
            in a proceeding affecting any LEA in whole or in part.

          2)Defines "customer" to include a county office of education or  
            a consortium of public school districts or agencies in  
            addition to the existing definition.

          3)Requires a consortium of public school districts or agencies  
            to only participate or intervene on behalf of a LEA in a CPUC  
            proceeding.

          4)Prohibits a representative of a consortium of public school  
            districts or agencies participating or intervening in a CPUC  
            proceeding from having a direct financial interest in the  
            resolution of the CPUC proceeding within the two years  
            preceding the filing of comments with the CPUC and sooner than  
            two years after that resolution.

          Background

          CPUC intervenor compensation.  The CPUC initiated its intervenor  
          compensation program in 1981 and state law was enacted in 1984  
          to govern the program.  The program is intended to ensure that  
          intervenors - individuals and groups that represent the  
          interests of utility ratepayers - have the financial resources  
          to bring their concerns and interest to the CPUC at its  
          proceedings.  Intervenors advocate for a variety of ratepayers,  
          including residential and small-business customers, minority  
          groups, and the disabled.  State law allows intervenors that  
          participate in CPUC proceedings involving utilities, such as  
          electric, gas, and water utilities, to request compensation for  
          the costs associated with that participation.  Public utilities  
          generally pay these intervenor compensation awards from the  
          amounts they collect from their ratepayers.  These awards affect  
          utility rates so that utilities can recoup any amounts they pay  
          to intervenors. 

          Intervenor compensation process.  An intervenor planning to  
          claim intervenor compensation must get involved in the  
          proceeding by filing a notice of intent to claim compensation  
          that indicates the planned extent and estimated costs of the  
          intervenor's planned participation in a proceeding.  In  
          addition, to be eligible for compensation, the intervenor must  
          show that it meets various mandates that state law imposes,  








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          including the need to demonstrate substantial contribution to  
          the CPUC proceeding.  When an intervenor participates in a  
          proceeding they are excepted to contribute via factual  
          contentions, legal arguments, or policy recommendations.  These  
          efforts can be demonstrated by bringing witnesses, submitting  
          testimony from multiple witnesses, raising issues when it  
          cross-examines the utility's witnesses during evidentiary  
          hearings, working with other intervenors to achieve a settlement  
          and others.  When the CPUC issues a final decision on a  
          proceeding, the intervenor may file a claim for intervenor  
          compensation.  The CPUC reviews the claim and adjusts up or down  
          based on their assessment of the intervenor's participation.   
          Additionally, intervenors must show "significant financial  
          hardship" to receive compensation, by submitting documents  
          demonstrating either that the intervenor could not afford to  
          participate without undue hardship or that the economic interest  
          of the individual members is small in comparison to the cost of  
          effective participation in the proceeding. 

          Office of Ratepayer Advocates (ORA).  Within the CPUC is an  
          independent ORA to represent and advocate on behalf of the  
          interests of public utility customers and subscribers within the  
          jurisdiction of the CPUC.  ORA's goal is to obtain the lowest  
          possible rate for service consistent with reliable and safe  
          service levels.  For revenue allocation and rate design matters,  
          the office primarily considers the interests of residential and  
          small commercial customers.  ORA has a staff of 147 staff,  
          consisting of engineers, economists, scientists, and auditors  
          with expertise in regulatory issues related to the electricity,  
          natural gas, water, and communications industries in California.  
           ORA's staff performs in-depth review and analyses of regulatory  
          policy issues and utility proposals, for funding that totals in  
          the tens of billions of dollars, in order to determine whether  
          utility requests are in the interest of the ratepayers who fund  
          utility activities through their utility bills.  ORA also  
          supports environmental policies that benefit customers and seeks  
          to ensure that utility actions comport with CPUC rules and  
          California environmental laws and policy goals.  In 2015, ORA  
          participated in 192 CPUC proceedings. 



          Government agencies not eligible.  The statute governing  
          intervenor compensation excludes state, federal, or local  
          government agency, any public utility, or any entity formed by a  








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          local government agency for the purpose of participating in a  
          CPUC proceeding from the definition of customer.  This exclusion  
          is premised on the fact that government agencies are funded with  
          public dollars and have the ability to increase taxes or fees to  
          fund their activities.  Government agencies can participate as a  
          party in any CPUC proceeding.  However, in the case of K-12  
          school districts, they argue that they have very limited ability  
          to raise revenues through parcel taxes or school facilities  
          bonds.  It is not always foreseeable when CPUC proceeding  
          intervention may be deemed necessary because rate increases can  
          be unpredictable. Further, it is not clear that the costs of  
          intervention would be eligible for facilities bond funding.   
          Finally, it may be difficult to pass a parcel tax increase with  
          voters if there is no guarantee when the funds will be needed.   
          According to the author's office, these funding barriers result  
          in intervention costs being covered by with funds that may be  
          better directed at classroom instruction. 


          2013 State Auditor's report.  In July 2013, the State Auditor  
          issued a report on an audit it conducted on the intervenor  
          compensation program at the CPUC.  The report found that despite  
          some administrative weaknesses, the CPUC had generally awarded  
          compensation to intervenors in accordance with state law.  The  
          report identified the 10 largest intervenors from 2008 to 2012.   
          During that time period, the CPUC awarded $25.5 million in  
          intervenor compensation. The Utility Reform Network accounted  
          for approximately $12.7 million of the awards claimed, followed  
          by the Utility Consumers Action Network with approximately $2.9  
          million, and Disability Rights Advocates with approximately $1.3  
          million.   


          Opportunities to engage.  In addition to the efforts of ORA to  
          address general rate cases on behalf of ratepayers, the CPUC  
          process to establish rates often involves numerous public  
          participation hearings that provide anyone from the public to  
          weigh in on their perspectives.  For general rate cases  
          involving investor-owned electric utilities, these public  
          hearings often occur within the territory of the given utility.   
          Schools, like other participants, can participate without much  
          expense. However, the capacity of school districts may be  
          limited as they juggle other priorities.

          The case for schools.  The author reports a number of schools in  








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          the San Diego region have recently experienced sharp increases  
          in their electricity bills.  According to representatives of  
          those schools, the increases have come about, in large part,  
          because of rate increases.  Many of these schools have coalesced  
          to participate in CPUC ratemaking proceedings.  However, as  
          stated above, schools are limited in their ability to raise  
          revenues to cover costs related to participating in CPUC  
          proceedings.  As a result, LEAs desire to participate in the  
          CPUC intervenor compensation program.  A similar legislative  
          bill in 2012 also proposed to allow schools to participate in  
          the intervenor compensation program via representation from  
          county offices of education.  This bill was held in Senate  
          Committee on Appropriations. 

          A slippery slope?  It may be difficult to allow K-12 schools to  
          participate in the intervenor compensation program, but not  
          allow other government agencies that may also face similar  
          challenges in their ability to raise revenues to cover costs to  
          participate in CPUC proceedings.  Ultimately, it's ratepayers  
          who shoulder the costs of compensating intervenors.  However, in  
          the case of schools, it may be students who are affected if LEAs  
          can't participate in the intervenor compensation program.   
          According to the author, LEAs are among those who most affected  
          by proposed energy rate increases, and also cash-strapped to  
          afford the costs necessary to intervene in all CPUC rate  
          proceedings without the potential for reimbursement.

          Prior/Related Legislation
          
          SB 512 (Hill, 2015) would define a customer for purposes of  
          participating in the intervenor compensation program to include  
          a local government entity that is not a publicly owned public  
          utility that participates in a proceeding for purposes of  
          protecting the health and safety of the residents within their  
          jurisdiction after suffering a material loss, either in  
          significant damage to infrastructure or loss of life and  
          property.  The bill will be considered on June 29th in the  
          Assembly Committee on Utilities and Commerce.


          SB 1165 (Wright, 2012) would have allowed intervenor  
          compensation to be awarded for participation or intervention in  
          proceedings at the CPUC for a county office of education, on  
          behalf of any of the local educational agencies in whole or part  
          within the county or on behalf of itself, or for a community  








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          college district.  Died in the Senate Committee on  
          Appropriations.  


           FISCAL EFFECT:                 Appropriation:  No    Fiscal  
          Com.:             Yes          Local:          No


            SUPPORT:  

          San Diego Schools Coalition for Electricity Cost Reduction  
          (Source)
          Association of California School Administrators
          California Association of School Business Officials
          California Educational Technology Professional Association
          California School Boards Association
          Contra Costa County Superintendents' Coalition
          Coronado Unified School District
          Fallbrook Union Elementary School District
          Jamul-Dulzura Union School District
          La Mesa-Spring Valley School District
          Mountain Empire Unified School District
          National School District
          San Bernardino County District Advocates for Better Schools
          San Diego County Office of Education
          Santee School District
          School Energy Coalition
          School Project for Utility Rate Reduction, if amended
          Small School Districts' Association
          Solana Beach School District
          South Bay Union School District
          Sweetwater Union High School District
          Valley Center-Pauma Unified School District

          OPPOSITION:

          None received

          ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT:    According to the author: "LEAs are  
          among those who are most affected by proposed energy rate  
          increases, and in order to advocate on the behalf of children  
          and schools, must hire attorneys and other experts at  
          substantial cost. In such cases, it is difficult for  
          cash-strapped LEAs to afford the costs necessary to intervene in  
          all CPUC rate proceedings without the potential for  








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          reimbursement. Furthermore, schools lack the ability to raise  
          money to accommodate sudden jumps in energy bills without  
          potentially taking valuable dollars out of classrooms."

          
          

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