BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
                             Senator Ricardo Lara, Chair
                            2015 - 2016  Regular  Session

          AB 2222 (Holden) - Transit Pass Program:  free or reduced-fare  
          transit passes
          
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          |Version: August 2, 2016         |Policy Vote: T. & H. 7 - 0,     |
          |                                |          E.Q. 6 - 0            |
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          |Urgency: No                     |Mandate: No                     |
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          |Hearing Date: August 8, 2016    |Consultant: Mark McKenzie       |
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          This bill meets the criteria for referral to the Suspense File.



          Bill  
          Summary:  AB 2222 would establish the Transit Pass Program,  
          which would be administered by the Department of Transportation  
          (Caltrans), upon appropriation of funding by the Legislature, to  
          provide transit agencies with funding to support transit pass  
          programs that provide free or reduced-fare transit passes to  
          low-income middle school, high school, and college students, as  
          specified.


          Fiscal  
          Impact:  
           Approximately $5 million in cost pressures to fund the program  
            at the minimum level of $20,000 per eligible transit agency.   
            Absent a specified funding source, these costs represent a  
            General Fund cost pressure.  To the extent existing transit  
            special funds are used to fund the program, there would be a  







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            commensurate decrease in funding available for other transit  
            priorities.

           Estimated Caltrans administrative costs of approximately  
            $200,000 for two years, and $100,000 ongoing.  Initial costs  
            would be incurred to develop and adopt guidelines, performance  
            measures, and reporting requirements related to establishing  
            the program, and ongoing costs would be related to  
            administering the program.  (State Highway Account)

           Potential California Air Resources Board (CARB) costs in the  
            low hundreds of thousands annually, to the extent it is  
            determined that the Transit Pass Program, by virtue of its  
            placement in the Public Resources Code, would require CARB to  
            provide guidance on how to report and quantify greenhouse gas  
            (GHG) emission reductions and maximizing benefits to  
            disadvantaged communities.  (see recommended amendments below)


          Background:  Existing law, as enacted by SB 862 (Committee on Budget and  
          Fiscal Review), Chap. 36/2014, establishes a long-term plan for  
          the expenditure of revenues generated through CARB's  
          cap-and-trade auctions.  Specifically, existing law requires  
          that cap-and-trade funds deposited into the Greenhouse Gas  
          Reduction Fund (GGRF)  are continuously appropriated as follows:  
           25% for the high-speed rail project; 20% for affordable housing  
          and sustainable communities grants; 10% for the Transit and  
          Intercity Rail Capital Program (TIRCP); and 5% for the  
          Low-Carbon Transit Operations Program (LCTOP).  The remaining  
          40% is available for annual appropriation by the Legislature.
          TIRCP is a competitive grant program that funds capital  
          improvements to reduce GHG emissions and modernize California's  
          intercity, commuter, and urban rail and bus systems to achieve  
          specific policy objectives, with a goal of providing at least  
          25% of available funding to projects that provide a direct  
          benefit to disadvantaged communities.  LCTOP provides operating  
          and capital assistance for transit agencies to reduce GHG  
          emissions and improve mobility, with a priority on serving  
          disadvantaged communities.  For agencies whose service area  
          includes disadvantaged communities, at least 50% of the total  
          monies received must be spent on projects that will benefit  
          those areas.  LCTOP funds are allocated to transit agencies  
          pursuant to the State Transit Assistance statutory formula.   
          Free or reduced-fare transit programs are an eligible  








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          expenditure under the LCTOP.




          Proposed Law:  
            AB 2222 would establish the Transit Pass Program to provide  
          low-income students with free or reduced-fare transit passes.   
          Specifically, this bill would:
           Require Caltrans to administer the program, upon appropriation  
            of funds by the Legislature for the program.
           Require the funds to be allocated by the State Controller to  
            support new or existing transit pass programs that provide  
            free or reduced-fare transit passes to any of the following:
               o      Students attending public middle or high schools  
                 that are eligible for funding under the federal No Child  
                 Left Behind Act.
               o      Students attending a community college who qualify  
                 for a student fee waiver.
               o      Students attending a California State University  
                 (CSU) or University of California (UC) who are Cal Grant  
                 or federal Pell Grant recipients.
           Authorize eligible transit providers that would be  
            distributing funds to consider prioritizing applications by  
            specified entities with existing, successful transit pass  
            programs, to the extent the entity demonstrates that  
            additional funding will further reduce the cost of the transit  
            pass or expand program eligibility. 
            Require Caltrans to develop program guidelines that would  
            ensure funds are used to expand eligibility or further reduce  
            the cost of a transit pass, and to develop performance  
            measures and reporting requirements to evaluate whether the  
            program is increasing transit ridership among students.  The  
            guidelines would be exempt from the Administrative Procedure  
            Act requirements.
             Require transit providers and participants to enter into  
             agreements to ensure that free or reduced-fare transit passes  
             are distributed to students.
             Require $20,000 to be provided to each transit provider, and  
             specify that any additional available funds would be  
             allocated to transit agencies pursuant to existing State  
             Transit Assistance distribution formulas, as specified.  Any  
             funds allocated, but not distributed, during a fiscal year  
             shall be distributed the following fiscal year.  








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          Staff  
          Comments:  Currently, many transit agencies in California use  
          existing transit funding to provide free or reduced fare transit  
          passes to students for use on their systems.  For example, the  
          San Francisco Muni offers the "Free Muni for Youth" program that  
          gives free access to Muni to low and moderate income youth, from  
          five to 18 years old.  Sacramento Regional Transit also offers  
          students from age five to 18 a 50% discounted fare for monthly  
          passes.  The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation  
          Authority (Metro) has been offering reduced fares for both K-12  
          and college students since the early 1990s, with programs that  
          provide a 54% discount on monthly passes both college students,  
          and a 76% discount for the K-12 program.  Most of the programs  
          require proof of the students being registered in school, but  
          the SF Muni program is based upon family income level.   
          Additionally, some transit agencies have developed agreements  
          directly with schools in their jurisdictions to partner and  
          provide free or reduced passes to all students.  For example,  
          The University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and the  
          University of Southern California (USC) provide free passes for  
          their students in partnership with Metro.  In the Sacramento  
          area, the University of California at Davis offers a variety of  
          travel options at reduced rates for students and faculty.  While  
          the funding provided by this bill could be used to enhance  
          existing programs, it may also be used to supplant resources  
          provided under current transit pass programs, and act as an  
          indirect subsidy for other transit operations.  


          Recommended  
          Amendments:  While the bill was recently amended to remove GGRF  
          as a specified source of funding for the Transit Pass Program,  
          the proposed statutes for the program would remain in Division  
          44 of the Public Resources Code, which includes specified  
          programs for the expenditure of GGRF monies.  CARB indicates  
          this could imply that they would be required to perform  
          oversight functions that are required for the other GGRF  
          programs in Division 44, which would trigger additional costs.   
          To avoid this ambiguity and the potential costs, staff  
          recommends an amendment to move the provisions of the bill to  








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          Division 10 of the Public Utilities Code, which contains laws  
          specific to transit districts.


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