BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó




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                                      CONSENT 


          Bill No:  AB 2457
          Author:   Bloom (D) 
          Amended:  5/16/16 in Senate
          Vote:     21 

           SENATE PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE:  7-0, 6/14/16
           AYES:  Hancock, Anderson, Glazer, Leno, Liu, Monning, Stone

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR:  79-0, 4/21/16 (Consent) - See last page for  
            vote

           SUBJECT:   Autopsy:  electronic image systems


          SOURCE:    Agudath Israel of California 

          DIGEST:   This bill allows coroners to use an electronic imaging  
          system during an autopsy, unless there is a reasonable suspicion  
          to believe the death was caused by a criminal act.


          ANALYSIS:  


          Existing law:


          1)Requires, in Government Code Section 27491, coroners to  
            determine the manner, circumstances and cause of death in the  
            following circumstances:


             a)   Violent, sudden or unusual deaths;
             b)   Unattended deaths;
             c)   When the deceased was not attended by a physician, or  








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               registered nurse who is part of a hospice care  
               interdisciplinary team, in the 20 days before death;
             d)   When the death is related to known or suspected  
               self-induced or criminal abortion;
             e)   Known or suspected homicide, suicide or accidental  
               poisoning;
             f)   Deaths suspected as a result of an accident or injury  
               either old or recent;
             g)   Drowning, fire, hanging, gunshot, stabbing, cutting,  
               exposure, starvation, acute alcoholism, drug addiction,  
               strangulation, aspiration, or sudden infant death syndrome;
             h)   Deaths in whole or in part occasioned by criminal means;
             i)   Deaths associated with a known or alleged rape or crime  
               against nature;
             j)   Deaths in prison or while under sentence;
             aa)  Deaths known or suspected as due to contagious disease  
               and constituting a public hazard;
             bb)  Deaths from occupational diseases or occupational  
               hazards;
             cc)  Deaths of patients in state mental hospitals operated by  
               the State Department of State Hospitals;
             dd)  Deaths of patients in state hospitals serving the  
               developmentally disabled operated by the State Department  
               of Development Services;
             ee)  Deaths where a reasonable ground exists to suspect the  
               death was caused by the criminal act of another; and
             ff)  Deaths reported for inquiry by physicians and other  
               persons having knowledge of the death.  


          2)Requires the coroner or medical examiner to sign the  
            certificate of death when they perform a mandatory inquiry.   
            (Government Code § 27491(a).)


          3)Allows the coroner or medical examiner discretion when  
            determining the extent of the inquiry required to determine  
            the manner, circumstances and cause of death.  (Government  
            Code § 27491(b).)


          4)Requires the coroner or medical examiner to conduct an autopsy  








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            at the request of the surviving spouse or other specified  
            persons when an autopsy has not already been performed.   
            (Government Code § 27520(a).)


          5)Allows the coroner or medical examiner discretion to conduct  
            an autopsy at the request of the surviving spouse or other  
            specified persons when an autopsy has already been performed.   
            (Government Code § 27520(b).)


          6)Specifies that the cost of autopsies requested by the  
            surviving spouse or other specified persons are borne by the  
            requestor.  (Government Code § 27520(c).)


          7)Requires, in Government Code Sections 27521(a) and (b), that  
            discretionary autopsies include the following:


             a)   All available finger and palm prints;
             b)   Dental examination;
             c)   Collection of tissue including hair sample and DNA  
               sample, if necessary;
             d)   Notation and photographs of significant marks, scars,  
               tattoos and personal effects;
             e)   Notation of observations pertinent to the time of death;  
               and
             f)   Documentation of the location of the remains.  


          8)Allows for the use of full body X-rays in conducting a  
            discretionary autopsy.  (Government Code § 27521 (c).)


          This bill: 


          1)Authorizes, except as specified, a coroner, medical examiner,  
            or other agency required to perform an autopsy in a death  
            under those prescribed conditions to use an electronic image  
            system, including, but not limited to, an X-ray computed  








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            tomography scanning system, to fulfill specified postmortem  
            examination or autopsy requirements. 


          2)States that a coroner cannot use an electronic imaging system  
            to conduct an autopsy in any investigation where the  
            circumstances surrounding the death afford a reasonable basis  
            to suspect that the death was caused by or related to the  
            criminal act of another and it is necessary to collect  
            evidence for presentation in a court of law. If the results of  
            an autopsy performed using electronic imaging provides the  
            basis to suspect that the death was caused by or related to  
            the criminal act of another, and it is necessary to collect  
            evidence for presentation in a court of law, then a dissection  
            autopsy shall be performed in order to determine the cause and  
            manner of death.


          3)Allows an autopsy to be conducted using an X-ray computed  
            tomography scanning system without regard to the existence of  
            a properly-executed certificate of religious belief.


          Background


          Electronic imaging systems, such as computer tomography (CT),  
          magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography  
          scanning have been used increasingly in recent years to assist  
          coroners and medical examiners performing autopsies.  In certain  
          cases, these systems can help the coroner determine the cause of  
          death without performing a post-mortem dissection of the  
          deceased.  This can be especially helpful in cases where the  
          deceased or the deceased's surviving spouse or next of kin have  
          religious objections to the post mortem dissections common in  
          traditional autopsies.  This bill allows coroners and medical  
          examiners to use these electronic imaging systems during the  
          performance of an autopsy requested by a surviving spouse or  
          next of kin.


          This bill also allows coroners, medical examiners and other  








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          agencies tasked with performing an autopsy to utilize electronic  
          imaging systems to assist in the performance of a mandatory  
          inquest.  Existing law requires coroners and others to perform  
          an autopsy when there is reason to believe the death was caused  
          by a criminal act, either by another or by the deceased.  This  
          bill does not allow electronic imaging systems to be the sole  
          method by which these mandatory autopsies are performed, but  
          allows them to be used during these autopsies.  There are two  
          reasons for this:  (1) electronic imaging systems as a method  
          for performing autopsies have not been ruled admissible as  
          evidence by any court of law; and (2) the current electronic  
          imaging system technology has been shown to be unreliable in  
          determining certain causes of death.


          FISCAL EFFECT:   Appropriation:    No         Fiscal  
          Com.:NoLocal:    No


          SUPPORT:   (Verified6/15/16)


          Agudath Israel of California (source)
          California State Coroners' Association


          OPPOSITION:   (Verified6/15/16)


          None received

          ASSEMBLY FLOOR:  79-0, 4/21/16
          AYES:  Achadjian, Alejo, Travis Allen, Arambula, Atkins, Baker,  
            Bigelow, Bloom, Bonilla, Bonta, Brough, Brown, Burke,  
            Calderon, Campos, Chang, Chau, Chávez, Chiu, Chu, Cooley,  
            Cooper, Dababneh, Dahle, Daly, Dodd, Eggman, Frazier, Beth  
            Gaines, Gallagher, Cristina Garcia, Eduardo Garcia, Gatto,  
            Gipson, Gomez, Gonzalez, Gordon, Gray, Grove, Hadley, Harper,  
            Roger Hernández, Holden, Irwin, Jones, Jones-Sawyer, Kim,  
            Lackey, Levine, Linder, Lopez, Low, Maienschein, Mathis,  
            Mayes, McCarty, Medina, Melendez, Mullin, Nazarian, Obernolte,  
            O'Donnell, Olsen, Patterson, Quirk, Rodriguez, Salas,  








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            Santiago, Steinorth, Mark Stone, Thurmond, Ting, Wagner,  
            Waldron, Weber, Wilk, Williams, Wood, Rendon
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Ridley-Thomas


          Prepared by:Jessica  Devencenzi / PUB. S. / 
          6/15/16 17:24:51


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