BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
                             Senator Ricardo Lara, Chair
                            2015 - 2016  Regular  Session
          AB 2729 (Williams) - Oil and gas:  operations
          
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          |Version: June 20, 2016          |Policy Vote: N.R. & W. 6 - 2    |
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          |Urgency: No                     |Mandate: Yes                    |
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          |Hearing Date: August 8, 2016    |Consultant: Narisha Bonakdar    |
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          This bill meets the criteria for referral to the Suspense File.


          Bill  
          Summary:  AB 2729 substantially revises the state's idle well  
          requirements and makes other substantive changes to statutes  
          governing oil and gas operations.

          Fiscal  
          Impact:  

           $1.5 million in year one (Oil, Gas, and Geothermal  
            Administrative Fund) to the Department of Conservation (DOC),  
            and up $2.5 annually in subsequent years. 
           Unknown increase, likely in the millions, in idle well fee  
            revenue (Hazardous Idle and Deserted Well Abatement Fund).  
            (See staff comments)

          Background:

          Oil and Gas Regulation. The Department of Conservation's  
          Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (Division)  
          regulates the state's oil and gas production.
          The Oil and Gas Supervisor (Supervisor) has broad authority to  
          supervise the drilling, operation, maintenance, and abandonment  
          of oil and gas wells, among other things, to prevent, as far as  
          possible, damage to life, health, property, and natural  
          resources.
          A 2011 US EPA audit found several issues with the Division's  
          Underground Injection Control program.  Specifically, its  
          insufficient idle wells regulations and bonding requirements (at  
          least in part due to the release of bonds once a well was  
          successfully in production).  In October 2015, the Division  







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          released a "Renewal Plan" that outlined its plan for addressing  
          these and other issues. This bill is one of many actions taken  
          to implement the Renewal Plan. 

          Idle Wells. California has approximately 20,000 idle oil and gas  
          wells.  Of these wells, nearly half have been idle for more than  
          10 years and almost one quarter have been idle for 25 years or  
          more.  Idle wells can pose a risk to public health and the  
          environment, generally by leaking. Leaks in idle wells are less  
          likely to be detected because they are tested infrequently  
          compared to active wells, and don't effect production. The  
          longer a well remains idle, the more likely it will be deserted  
          by the operator, potentially leaving the state liable for costly  
          plugging and abandoning efforts.

          According to the Division, the number of idle wells statewide  
          continues to increase annually despite fluctuations in oil  
          prices. Operators may have legitimate economic reasons for  
          idling wells in the short term. However, low fees and bond  
          requirements for idle wells relative to the high cost to plug  
          and abandon a well, provide little incentive for operators to  
          reduce the inventory of longer-term idle wells. 

          
          Proposed Law:   This bill:

          1)Defines an idle well as any well that has not been operated  
            for 24 consecutive months, and excludes wells used to inject  
            or withdraw gas from underground gas storage facilities.
          2)Defines a long-term idle well as a well that has been idle for  
            eight or more years.
          3)Staring on January 1, 2018, makes several changes to  
            requirements related to idle wells, including: 
             a)   Requires an indemnity bond for all wells and requires  
               the bond to remain in place until the well is plugged and  
               abandoned.
             b)   Increases blanket bond amounts.
             c)   Removes the escrow guarantee option for idle wells, and  
               requires an operator to pay a fee per idle well or submit  
               and adhere to a management plan that reduces their idle  
               well inventory by a specified percentage each year. 
          4)Requires a party who plugs and abandons a hazardous or  
            idle-deserted well to obtain all necessary rights to the well  
            and subjects them to the requirements of operators.








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          5)By June 1, 2018, requires the Division to review, evaluate and  
            update its regulations pertaining to idle wells including idle  
            well testing and management requirements.  
          6)Requires the Supervisor, on or before July 1, 2019 and  
            annually until July 1, 2026, to provide a report on idle  
            wells, and requires the report to be made publicly available  
            on the Division's Internet Web site.
          7)Adds additional clarifying and technical language to clarify,  
            among other things, the supervisor's authority.

          Related  
          Legislation:  AB 2756 (Thurmond, 2016) substantially revises the Division of  
          Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources' civil penalty structure and  
          appeals procedures. This bill is pending hearing on the Senate  
          Floor.
          

          Staff  
          Comments:1)  
          Purpose.  According to the bill sponsor, the Department of  
          Conservation (DOC), low idle well fees and insufficient bonding  
          requirements create a significant financial incentive for  
          operators to idle low performing wells, rather than to properly  
          plug wells. As a result, an increasing number of wells remain  
          idle for decades, and are at risk of becoming orphan wells with  
          no responsible operator.  

          This bill will to create disincentives for operators to maintain  
          large idle well inventories and ensure funds are available to  
          plug and abandon idle wells in the event that they are deserted.  
           

          Fee revenue. According to DOC, the fiscal impact of this bill  
          would depend upon which option operators select (i.e., idle well  
          fees or the Management Plan).  Assuming the current number of  
          20,000 idle wells, if all operators elect to pay idle well fees,  
          idle well fee revenue could increase (at most $15 million over  
          the first five years).  However, implementation of an idle well  
          Management Plan would yield up to several million dollars in  
          savings for the operator, depending upon the number of idle  
          wells in the operation.  As such, the Department anticipates  
          that most operators will opt to implement a Management Plan,  
          which will result in significantly less revenue to the  
          Department.  However, because more long-term idle wells will be  








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          plugged in a timely manner, this would also dramatically  
          minimize the State's liability to plug wells that could  
          eventually be orphaned.

          Staff costs. In the first year, the Division will likely need an  
          additional $1.5 million to implement the requirements in the  
          bill and hire additional staff. In subsequent years, the  
          Division may need up to $2.5 million depending upon the  
          requirements outlined in the regulations required pursuant to  
          this bill.

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