BILL ANALYSIS Ó SB 494 Page 1 SENATE THIRD READING SB 494 (Hill) As Amended May 13, 2015 Majority vote SENATE VOTE: 38-0 ------------------------------------------------------------------ |Committee |Votes|Ayes |Noes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |----------------+-----+----------------------+--------------------| |Governmental |18-0 |Gray, Linder, Alejo, | | |Organization | |Bigelow, Campos, | | | | |Cooley, Cooper, Daly, | | | | |Cristina Garcia, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Eduardo Garcia, | | | | |Gipson, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Roger Hernández, | | | | |Levine, Mayes, Perea, | | | | |Salas, Steinorth, | | | | |Wilk | | | | | | | | | | | | |----------------+-----+----------------------+--------------------| SB 494 Page 2 |Appropriations |17-0 |Gomez, Bigelow, | | | | |Bloom, Bonta, | | | | |Calderon, Chang, | | | | |Daly, Eggman, | | | | |Gallagher, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Eduardo Garcia, | | | | |Holden, Jones, Quirk, | | | | |Rendon, Wagner, | | | | |Weber, Wood | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------ SUMMARY: Creates the California Earthquake Safety Fund to be used for seismic safety and earthquake-related programs, including the earthquake early warning system. Specifically, this bill: 1)Creates the California Earthquake Safety Fund in the State Treasury. 2)Specifies that upon appropriation by the Legislature, the moneys in the fund shall be used for seismic safety and earthquake-related programs, including the statewide earthquake early warning system. 3)Specifies that the California Earthquake Safety Fund may accept federal funds, funds from revenue bonds, local funds, and funds from private sources. EXISTING LAW: SB 494 Page 3 1)Creates, within the office of the Governor, the Office of Emergency Services (OES) which, under the Director of Emergency Services, coordinates disaster response, emergency planning, emergency preparedness, disaster recovery, disaster mitigation, and homeland security activities. 2)Requires various entities, including OES, through a public-private partnership, to develop a comprehensive statewide earthquake early warning system in California, as specified. 3)Requires OES to identify funding for an earthquake early warning system through single or multiple sources of revenues that shall be limited to federal funds, funds from revenue bonds, local funds, and private grants. 4)Prohibits General Fund moneys to be used for the establishment of an earthquake early warning system. 5)Specifies that if funding is not identified by January 1, 2016, the provisions relating to the establishment of an earthquake early warning system should be repealed. FISCAL EFFECT: According to the Assembly Appropriations Committee, this bill will have negligible fiscal impact to the Office of Emergency Services (OES), which oversees earthquake preparedness programs; minor and absorbable costs to the State Treasurer to establish the new fund. Any cost pressure to implement the earthquake early warning system will not result in General Fund costs as current law prohibits OES from using General Fund resources for the program. SB 494 Page 4 COMMENTS: Purpose of the bill: According to the author, while existing law requires OES to develop a comprehensive statewide earthquake early warning system, it does not establish a state fund capable of accepting grants or contributions to implement the earthquake early warning system in California. The author argues that this bill would establish the California Earthquake Safety Fund to help fund and coordinate seismic safety and earthquake-related programs, including the statewide earthquake early warning system. Earthquake Early Warning Systems: When an earthquake occurs, seismic waves radiate from the epicenter like waves on a pond - it is these waves we feel as earthquake shaking which causes damage to structures. The technology exists to detect moderate to large earthquakes so quickly that a warning can be sent to locations outside the area where the earthquake begins before these destructive waves arrive. The amount of warning time at a particular location depends on the distance from the earthquake epicenter. Locations very close to the earthquake epicenter will receive relatively little or no warning whereas locations far removed from the earthquake epicenter would receive more warning time but may not experience damaging shaking. For those locations in between, the warning time could range from seconds to minutes. Currently, there are two approaches to earthquake early warning - the "single station" (or on-site) approach and the "network" approach. In the single-station approach, a single sensor detects the arrival of the faster but weaker seismic wave (P-wave) and warns before the arrival of the slower, more destructive seismic wave (S-wave). This approach is relatively simple, but some would argue it is less accurate and more prone SB 494 Page 5 to false alerts compared to the network approach. The network approach utilizes many seismic sensors that are distributed across a wide area where earthquakes are likely to occur. This network of sensors sends data to a central site where ground motion signals are analyzed, earthquakes are detected and warnings are issued. The network approach is considered to be slower, but more reliable than the on-site approach. This is because it uses information from many stations to confirm that the ground motion detected is actually from an earthquake and not from some other source of vibration. SB 135 (Padilla), Chapter 342, Statutes of 2013, required OES to develop an earthquake early warning system in California. OES must first identify funding sources for the system that are not general fund. OES has primary role/lead in implementing earthquake early warning system. They have set up a working group composed of departments, agencies and other stakeholders to establish best practices for an earthquake early warning system, as well as identifying funding. Prior/Related Legislation: SB 31 (Padilla), Chapter 342, Statutes of 2013, required OES, in collaboration with various entities, to develop a comprehensive statewide earthquake early warning system in California. AB 928 (Blakeslee) of the 2009-10 Regular Session. The bill would have required the High-Speed Rail Authority to develop an earthquake early warning system and coordinate development of that system with the Cal-EMA, the Department of Education, and the Public Utilities Commission. The bill would have required the earthquake early warning system to be designed to protect the lives of high-speed train passengers and schoolchildren, and critical infrastructure by providing advanced earthquake warning and by enabling preventive measures seconds before an SB 494 Page 6 earthquake. (Held in the Assembly Governmental Organization Committee) SB 1278 (Alquist), Chapter 532, Statutes of 2006. The bill, among other things, renamed the Seismic Safety Commission the Alfred E. Alquist Seismic Safety Commission, placed the commission within the State and Consumer Services Agency, as an independent unit, and increased the membership of the commission from 17 members to 20 members. Analysis Prepared by: Kenton Stanhope / G.O. / (916) 319-2531 FN: 0001522