Amended in Assembly January 4, 2016

Amended in Senate May 18, 2015

Amended in Senate April 14, 2015

Senate Bill No. 526

Introduced by Senators Fuller and Runner

February 26, 2015

An act to amend Section begin delete 18533 end delete begin insert 19006 end insert of the Revenue and Taxation Code, relating to taxation.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST

SB 526, as amended, Fuller. Personal income taxes: joint returns: begin insert court orders: end insert relief from liability.

Existing law generally provides that begin delete whenever a joint income tax return is filed by spouses or registered domestic partners the liability for the tax is joint and several, and that end delete the spouse or partner who controls the disposition of or who receives or spends community income as well as the spouse who is taxable on the income is liable for the payment of the taxes imposed by the Personal Income Tax Law on that income begin insert , and that whenever a joint income tax return is filed by spouses or registered domestic partners the liability for the tax is joint and several end insert . Existing law allows, under specified conditions, a court in a proceeding for dissolution of marriage begin delete or the Franchise Tax Board end delete to revise the income tax liabilities begin insert on a joint return end insert of spouses or registered domestic partners, but prohibits revisions to relieve a spouse begin insert or domestic partner end insert of tax liability on income earned by or subject to the exclusive management and control of the begin delete spouse. end delete begin insert spouse or domestic partner. Existing law also provides that the order revising tax liability is not effective if the gross income reportable on the return exceeds $150,000 or the amount of the tax liability the spouse is relieved of exceeds $7,500, except as specified. end insert

begin insert

This bill would instead provide that an order revising tax liability may relieve a spouse or domestic partner of tax liability on income earned by or subject to the exclusive management and control of that spouse or domestic partner, except if assets or liabilities are transferred between the individuals filing the joint return for the principal purpose of avoidance of the payment of tax or as part of a fraudulent scheme by those individuals or that liability is uncollectible and, within 3 years of when the court order is effective, specified conditions also apply. This bill would also instead provide that the order revising tax liability is not effective if the gross income reportable on the return exceeds $200,000 or the amount of the tax liability the spouse is relieved of exceeds $10,000, except as specified, and would require those amounts to be recomputed annually beginning on January 1, 2017, as specified. The bill would apply to court orders served or acknowledged on or after the effective date of this bill.

end insert begin delete

Existing income tax law allows, under procedures prescribed by the Franchise Tax Board, an individual who has made a joint return to elect to seek relief from liability for an understatement of tax or to limit the individual’s liability of any tax deficiency. Existing income tax laws require an individual making those elections to be relieved of liability from tax if specified conditions are met, and requires that the individual’s liability for any deficiency that is assessed with respect to the return may not exceed the portion of the deficiency properly allocable to the individual as specified by law if, among other things, the individual meets the burden of proof as specified. Under existing income tax law, if taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the individual liable for any unpaid tax or any deficiency, and relief is not available to the individual under these procedures, the Franchise Tax Board is authorized to relieve the individual of that liability, as provided.

end delete begin delete

This bill would allow, for requests for relief received on and after January 1, 2016, when taking into account all the facts and circumstances, the fact that the individual’s liability for any unpaid tax or deficiency for any taxable year where a joint return has been filed has been revised under a judgment of dissolution of marriage to be a factor weighing in favor of relief from tax liability on income earned by or subject to the exclusive management and control of the individual, whether or not the individual was a victim of abuse at the time the return was filed or whether or not funds that would have been used to pay the tax or deficiency were misappropriated by the nonrequesting spouse.

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Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes. State-mandated local program: no.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

begin insert

begin insert SECTION 1. end insert   

end insert

begin insert Section 19006 of the end insert begin insert Revenue and Taxation Code end insert
begin insert is amended to read: end insert

19006.  

(a) The spouse who controls the disposition of or who
receives or spends community income as well as the spouse who
is taxable on the income is liable for the payment of the taxes
imposed by Part 10 (commencing with Section 17001) on that
income.

(b)  begin insert (1) end insert begin insert   end insert Whenever a joint return is filed by a husband and wife,
the liability for the tax on the aggregate income is joint and several.
begin delete The liability may be revised by a court in a proceeding for
dissolution of the marriage of the husband and wife, provided: end delete

begin delete

(1) The order revising tax liability may not relieve a spouse of
tax liability on income earned by or subject to the exclusive
management and control of the spouse. The liability of the spouse
for the tax, penalties, and interest due for the taxable year shall be
in the same ratio to total tax, penalties, and interest due for the
taxable year as the income earned by or subject to the management
and control of the spouse is to total gross income reportable on the
return.

end delete begin delete

(2) The order revising tax liability:

end delete begin insert

(2) The amount of liability on a joint return may not be reduced,
but the individual responsible for all or part of that liability may
be revised by a court in a proceeding for dissolution of the
marriage provided the order revising tax liability on the joint
return:

end insert

(A) Must separately state the income tax liabilities for the
taxable years for which revision of tax liability is granted.

(B) Shall not revise a tax liability that has been fully paid prior
to the effective date of the order; however, any unpaid amount
may be revised.

(C) Shall become effective when the Franchise Tax Board is
served with or acknowledges receipt of the order.

(D)  begin insert (i) end insert begin insert   end insert Shall not be effective if the gross income reportable on
the return exceeds begin delete one end delete begin insert two end insert hundred begin delete fifty end delete thousand dollars
begin delete ($150,000) end delete begin insert ($200,000) end insert or the amount of tax liability the spouse is
relieved of exceeds begin delete seven end delete begin insert ten end insert thousand begin delete five hundred end delete dollars
begin delete ($7,500) end delete begin insert ($10,000) end insert , unless a tax revision clearance certificate is
obtained from the Franchise Tax Board and filed with the court.

begin insert

(ii) Beginning on January 1, 2017, and annually thereafter, the
amounts specified in clause (i) shall be recomputed in accordance
with subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of
Section 19442, modified by substituting “January 1, 2017” for
“January 1, 2004.”

end insert begin insert

(E) Shall not be effective to relieve a spouse of the tax liability
on income earned by or subject to the exclusive management and
control of that spouse if either of the following applies:

end insert begin insert

(i) Assets or liabilities are transferred between the individuals
filing the joint return for the principal purpose of avoidance of the
payment of tax or as part of a fraudulent scheme by those
individuals.

end insert begin insert

(ii) That liability is uncollectible and, within three years of the
date the court order is effective pursuant to subparagraph (C),
either of the following also applies:

end insert begin insert

(I) The spouse obligated to pay that liability pursuant to the
court order files for bankruptcy and that liability is discharged in
bankruptcy.

end insert begin insert

(II) The spouse obligated to pay that liability pursuant to the
court order becomes a nonresident.

end insert

(c) Notwithstanding begin delete subdivisions (a) and (b), end delete begin insert subdivision (a) or
paragraph (1) of subdivision (b), end insert whenever a joint return is filed
by a husband and wife and the tax liability is not fully paid, that
liability, including interest and penalties, may be revised by the
Franchise Tax Board as to one spouse.

(1) However, the liability shall not be revised:

(A) To relieve a spouse of tax liability on income earned by or
subject to the exclusive management and control of the spouse.
The liability of the spouse for the tax, penalties, and interest due
for the taxable year shall be in the same ratio to total tax, penalties,
and interest due for the taxable year as the income earned by or
subject to the management and control of the spouse is to total
gross income reportable on the return.

(B) To relieve a spouse of liability below the amount actually
paid on the liability prior to the granting of relief, including credit
from any other taxable year available for application to the liability.

(2) The liability may be revised only if the spouse whose liability
is to be revised establishes that he or she did not know of, and had
no reason to know of, the nonpayment at the time the return was
filed. For purposes of this paragraph, “reason to know” means
whether or not a reasonably prudent person would have had reason
to know of the nonpayment.

begin delete

(3) For purposes of this section, the determination of the spouse
to whom items of gross income are attributable shall be made
without regard to community property laws.

end delete begin delete

(4)

end delete

begin insert (3) end insert  The determination of the Franchise Tax Board as to whether
the liability is to be revised as to one spouse shall be made not less
than 30 days after notification of the other spouse and shall be
based upon whether, under all of the facts and circumstances
surrounding the nonpayment, it would be inequitable to hold the
spouse requesting revision liable for the nonpayment. Any action
taken under this section shall be treated as though it were action
on a protest taken under Section 19044 and shall become final
upon the expiration of 30 days from the date that notice of the
action is mailed to both spouses, unless, within that 30-day period,
one or both spouses appeal the determination to the board as
provided in Section 19045.

begin delete

(5)

end delete

begin insert (4) end insert  This subdivision shall apply to all taxable years subject to
the provisions of this part, but shall not apply to any taxable year
which has been closed by a statute of limitations, res judicata, or
otherwise.

begin insert

(d) For purposes of this section, the determination of the spouse
to whom items of gross income are attributable shall be made
without regard to community property laws.

end insert begin insert

(e) The amendments made to this section by the act adding this
subdivision shall apply to court orders served or acknowledged
on or after the effective date of that act.

end insert

begin delete

SECTION 1.  

Section 18533 of the Revenue and Taxation Code
is amended to read:

18533.  

(a) (1) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) and the first
sentence of subdivision (b) of Section 19006:

(A) An individual who has made a joint return may elect to seek
relief under the procedures prescribed under subdivision (b), and

(B) If the individual is eligible to elect the application of
subdivision (c), the individual may, in addition to any election
under subparagraph (A), elect to limit the individual’s liability for
any deficiency with respect to the joint return in the manner
prescribed under subdivision (c).

(2) Any determination under this section shall be made without
regard to community property laws.

(b) (1) Under procedures prescribed by the Franchise Tax
Board, if--

 
(A) A joint return has been made under this chapter for a
taxable year,

 
(B) On that return there is an understatement of tax attributable
to erroneous items of one individual filing the joint return,

 
(C) The other individual filing the joint return establishes that
in signing the return he or she did not know of, and had no reason
to know of, that understatement,

 
(D) Taking into account all facts and circumstances, it is
inequitable to hold the other individual liable for the deficiency
in tax for that taxable year attributable to that understatement,
and

 
(E) The other individual elects (in the form and manner as the
Franchise Tax Board may prescribe) the benefits of this
subdivision not later than the date that is two years after the date
the Franchise Tax Board has begun collection activities with
respect to the individual making the election,

then the other individual shall be relieved of liability for tax
(including interest, penalties, and other amounts) for that taxable
year to the extent that the liability is attributable to that
understatement.

(2) If an individual who, but for subparagraph (C) of paragraph
(1), would be relieved of liability under paragraph (1), establishes
that in signing the return the individual did not know, and had no
reason to know, the extent of the understatement, then the
individual shall be relieved of liability for tax (including interest,
penalties, and other amounts) for that taxable year to the extent
that the liability is attributable to the portion of the understatement
of which that individual did not know and had no reason to know.

(3) For purposes of this subdivision, the term “understatement”
has the meaning given to that term by Section 6662(d)(2)(A) of
the Internal Revenue Code.

(c) (1) Except as provided in this subdivision, if an individual
who has made a joint return for any taxable year elects the
application of this subdivision, the individual’s liability for any
deficiency that is assessed with respect to the return may not exceed
the portion of the deficiency properly allocable to the individual
under subdivision (d).

(2) Except as provided in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) of
paragraph (3) or subparagraph (C) of paragraph (3), each individual
who elects the application of this subdivision shall have the burden
of proof with respect to establishing the portion of any deficiency
allocable to that individual.

(3) (A) (i) An individual shall only be eligible to elect the
application of this subdivision if--

(I) At the time the election is filed, that individual is no longer
married to, or is legally separated from, the individual with whom
that individual filed the joint return to which the election relates,
or

(II) That individual was not a member of the same household
as the individual with whom the joint return was filed at any time
during the 12-month period ending on the date the election is filed.

(ii) If the Franchise Tax Board demonstrates that assets were
transferred between individuals filing a joint return as part of a
fraudulent scheme by those individuals, an election under this
subdivision by either individual shall be invalid (and subdivision
(a) and the first sentence of subdivision (b) of Section 19006 shall
apply to the joint return).

(B) An election under this subdivision for any taxable year shall
be made not later than two years after the date on which the
Franchise Tax Board has begun collection activities with respect
to the individual making the election.

(C) If the Franchise Tax Board demonstrates that an individual
making an election under this subdivision had actual knowledge,
at the time the individual signed the return, of any item giving rise
to a deficiency (or portion thereof) that is not allocable to the
individual under subdivision (d), that election does not apply to
that deficiency (or portion). This subparagraph does not apply
where the individual with actual knowledge establishes that the
individual signed the return under duress.

(4) (A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subdivision,
the portion of the deficiency for which the individual electing the
application of this subdivision is liable (without regard to this
paragraph) shall be increased by the value of any disqualified asset
transferred to the individual.

(B) For purposes of this paragraph--

(i) The term “disqualified asset” means any property or right to
property transferred to an individual making the election under
this subdivision with respect to a joint return by the other individual
filing the joint return if the principal purpose of the transfer was
the avoidance of tax or payment of tax.

(ii) (I) For purposes of clause (i), except as provided in
subclause (II), any transfer that is made after the date that is one
year before the date on which the first notice of proposed
assessment under Article 3 (commencing with Section 19031) of
Chapter 4 is sent shall be presumed to have as its principal purpose
the avoidance of tax or payment of tax.

(II) Subclause (I) does not apply to any transfer pursuant to a
decree of divorce or separate maintenance or a written instrument
incident to that decree or to any transfer that an individual
establishes did not have as its principal purpose the avoidance of
tax or payment of tax.

(d) For purposes of subdivision (c)--

(1) The portion of any deficiency on a joint return allocated to
an individual shall be the amount that bears the same ratio to the
deficiency as the net amount of items taken into account in
computing the deficiency and allocable to the individual under
paragraph (3) bears to the net amount of all items taken into
account in computing the deficiency.

(2) If a deficiency (or portion thereof) is attributable to--

(A) The disallowance of a credit, or

(B) Any tax (other than tax imposed by Section 17041 or 17062)
required to be included with the joint return, and the item is
allocated to one individual under paragraph (3), that deficiency
(or portion) shall be allocated to that individual. Any item so
allocated may not be taken into account under paragraph (1).

(3) For purposes of this subdivision--

(A) Except as provided in paragraphs (4) and (5), any item
giving rise to a deficiency on a joint return shall be allocated to
individuals filing the return in the same manner as it would have
been allocated if the individuals had filed separate returns for the
taxable year.

(B) Under rules prescribed by the Franchise Tax Board, an item
otherwise allocable to an individual under subparagraph (A) shall
be allocated to the other individual filing the joint return to the
extent the item gave rise to a tax benefit on the joint return to the
other individual.

(C) The Franchise Tax Board may provide for an allocation of
any item in a manner not prescribed by subparagraph (A) if the
Franchise Tax Board establishes that the allocation is appropriate
due to fraud of one or both individuals.

(4) If an item of deduction or credit is disallowed in its entirety
solely because a separate return is filed, the disallowance shall be
disregarded and the item shall be computed as if a joint return had
been filed and then allocated between the spouses appropriately.

(5) If the liability of a child of a taxpayer is included on a joint
return, that liability shall be disregarded in computing the separate
liability of either spouse and that liability shall be allocated
appropriately between the spouses.

(e) (1) In the case of an individual who elects to have
subdivision (b) or (c) apply, or who requests equitable relief under
subdivision (f)--

(A) (i) The determination of the Franchise Tax Board as to
whether the liability is to be revised as to one individual filing the
joint return shall be made not less than 30 days after notification
of the other individual filing the joint return.

(ii) Any action taken under this section shall be treated as though
it were action on a protest taken under Section 19044 and shall
become final upon the expiration of 30 days from the date that
notice of the action is mailed to both individuals filing the joint
return, unless, within that 30-day period, the individual making
the election under subdivision (b) or (c) or requesting equitable
relief under subdivision (f) appeals the determination to the board
as provided in clause (iii) or the other individual filing the joint
return appeals the determination to the board as provided in Section
19045.

(iii) The individual making the election under subdivision (b)
or (c) or requesting equitable relief under subdivision (f) may
appeal the determination of the Franchise Tax Board of the
appropriate relief available to the individual under this section if
that appeal is filed during the 30-day period prescribed in clause
(ii) and the appeal shall be treated as an appeal to the board under
Section 19045. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the
individual making the election under subdivision (b) or (c) or
requesting equitable relief under subdivision (f) may appeal to the
board at any time after the date that is six months after the date
the election is filed with the Franchise Tax Board and before the
close of the 30-day period prescribed in clause (ii).

(B) Except as otherwise provided in Section 19081 or 19082,
no levy or proceeding in court shall be made, begun, or prosecuted
against the individual making an election under subdivision (b) or
(c) or requesting equitable relief under subdivision (f), for
collection of any assessment to which the election relates until the
expiration of the 30-day period described in clause (ii) of
subparagraph (A), or, if an appeal to the board has been filed under
clause (iii) or Section 19045, until the decision of the board has
become final.

(2) The running of the period of limitations in Section 19371
on the collection of the assessment to which the petition under
subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) relates shall be suspended for
the period during which the Franchise Tax Board is prohibited by
subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) from collecting by levy or a
proceeding in court and for 60 days thereafter.

(3) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), notwithstanding
any other law or rule of law (other than Section 19306 and Article
6 (commencing with Section 19441) of Chapter 6), a credit or
refund shall be allowed or made to the extent attributable to the
application of this section.

(B) In the case of any election under subdivision (b) or (c) or
request for equitable relief under subdivision (f), if a decision of
the board in any prior proceeding for the same taxable year has
become final, that decision shall be conclusive except with respect
to the qualification of the individual for relief that was not an issue
in that proceeding. The exception contained in the preceding
sentence does not apply if the board determines that the individual
participated meaningfully in the prior proceeding.

(C) No credit or refund shall be allowed as a result of an election
under subdivision (c).

(f) (1) Under procedures prescribed by the Franchise Tax Board,
if taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is
inequitable to hold the individual liable for any unpaid tax or any
deficiency (or any portion of either), and relief is not available to
the individual under subdivision (b) or (c), the Franchise Tax Board
may relieve the individual of that liability.

(2) Notwithstanding subdivision (b) of Section 19006, when
taking into account all the facts and circumstances in paragraph
(1), the fact that the individual’s liability for any unpaid tax or
deficiency for any taxable year where a joint return has been filed
has been revised under a judgment of dissolution of marriage may
be a factor weighing in favor of relief from tax liability on income
earned by or subject to the exclusive management and control of
the individual, whether or not the individual was a victim of abuse
at the time the return was filed or whether or not funds that would
have been used to pay the tax or deficiency were misappropriated
by the nonrequesting spouse.

(g) (1) The Franchise Tax Board may prescribe regulations
providing methods for allocation of items other than the methods
under paragraph (3) of subdivision (d).

(2) It is the intent of the Legislature that, in construing this
section and any other sections that are specifically cross-referenced
in this section, any regulations that may be promulgated by the
Secretary of the Treasury under Section 6015 of the Internal
Revenue Code shall apply to the extent that those regulations do
not conflict with this section or with any regulations that may be
promulgated by the Franchise Tax Board.

(h) The amendments made by Section 5 of Chapter 931 of the
Statutes of 1999 shall apply to any liability for tax arising after
October 10, 1999, and any liability for tax arising on or before that
date but remaining unpaid as of that date.

(i) (1) An individual who has made a joint return and has been
granted relief under Section 6015 of the Internal Revenue Code,
relating to joint and several liability with respect to a federal joint
income tax return, shall be eligible for relief under this section if
all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(A) The individual requests relief under this section.

(B) The facts and circumstances that apply to the understatement
and liabilities for which the relief is requested are the same facts
and circumstances that applied to the understatement and liabilities
for which that individual was granted relief under Section 6015
of the Internal Revenue Code.

(C) The individual requesting relief under this subdivision
furnishes the Franchise Tax Board with a copy of the federal
determination granting that individual relief under Section 6015
of the Internal Revenue Code. If the federal determination does
not clearly identify the issues and liabilities for which the individual
was granted relief under Section 6015 of the Internal Revenue
Code, the Franchise Tax Board may request, from the individual
requesting relief, any supporting documentation reasonably
necessary to substantiate that the issues and liabilities for which
relief is requested under this section are the same as the issues and
liabilities for which the individual received relief under Section
6015 of the Internal Revenue Code.

(2) This subdivision does not apply if, prior to the expiration of
the 30-day period described in clause (i) of subparagraph (A) of
paragraph (1) of subdivision (e), the other individual that filed the
joint return for which the relief is requested under this subdivision
submits information to the Franchise Tax Board that indicates that
relief should not be granted. For purposes of this paragraph,
“information that indicates that relief should not be granted” is
limited to the following:

(A) Information that indicates that the facts and circumstances
that apply to the understatement and liabilities for which the relief
is requested are not the same facts and circumstances that applied
to the understatement and liabilities for which that individual was
granted relief under Section 6015 of the Internal Revenue Code.

(B) Information that indicates that there has not been a federal
determination granting relief under Section 6015 of the Internal
Revenue Code or that the federal determination granting relief
under Section 6015 of the Internal Revenue Code has been
modified, altered, withdrawn, canceled, or rescinded.

(C) Information indicating that the other individual, as described
in the first sentence of this paragraph, did not have the opportunity
to participate, within the meaning of Section 6015 of the Internal
Revenue Code and the regulations thereunder, in the federal
administrative or judicial proceeding that resulted in relief under
Section 6015 of the Internal Revenue Code.

(j) If, prior to the date the Franchise Tax Board issues its
determination with respect to a request for relief under this section,
the individual requesting relief demonstrates to the Franchise Tax
Board that a request for relief has been filed with the Internal
Revenue Service pursuant to Section 6015 of the Internal Revenue
Code and demonstrates that the request for relief involves the same
facts and circumstances as the request for relief that is pending
before the Franchise Tax Board, the Franchise Tax Board may not
deny relief with respect to that request, in whole or in part, until
federal action on the request for relief under Section 6015 of the
Internal Revenue Code is final.

(k) An individual may not be granted relief under this section
if a court has revised the tax liability in a proceeding for dissolution
of the marriage in accordance with subdivision (b) of Section
19006.

(l) Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of
Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code shall not apply to
any procedure or rule prescribed by the Franchise Tax Board
pursuant to this section.

(m) (1) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2009.

(2) The provisions of subdivisions (i) and (j), as amended by
the act adding this paragraph, shall apply on and after January 1,
2009.

(3) The amendments made to subdivisions (e), (g), and (h) by
Chapter 318 of the Statutes of 2010 shall apply to requests for
relief received on or after January 1, 2010.

(4) The amendments made by the act adding this paragraph
shall apply to requests for relief received on or after January 1,
2016.

end delete