BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
                             Senator Ricardo Lara, Chair
                            2015 - 2016  Regular  Session

          SB 603 (Hueso) - Defendant:  acting as his or her own attorney  
          (in pro per)
          
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          |Version: May 4, 2015            |Policy Vote: PUB. S. 6 - 0      |
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          |Urgency: No                     |Mandate: Yes                    |
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          |Hearing Date: May 18, 2015      |Consultant: Jolie Onodera       |
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          This bill meets the criteria for referral to the Suspense File. 

          

          Bill  
          Summary:  SB 603 would require a court to conduct a hearing,  
          upon a specified motion or request, to determine whether  
          intermediary standby counsel or another person is to be  
          appointed for the limited purpose of presenting the defendant's  
          examination of the victim in cases where a defendant is acting  
          as his or her own attorney, as specified.


          Fiscal  
          Impact:  
                 Potential increase in court workload to process motions  
               and potentially hold separate hearings. For every 100  
               motions filed (less than two motions per county per year),  
               costs could exceed $50,000 (General Fund*) statewide  
               assuming one additional hour of court time per case. 
                 Potential increase in county costs for court-appointed  
               intermediary standby counsel to conduct the examination of  
               the victim. To the extent the increase in county expenses  







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               qualifies as a reimbursable state mandate, counties could  
               submit claims for reimbursement of those costs (General  
               Fund). Alternatively, to the extent the court conducts the  
               examination, additional workload for court staff would be  
               incurred.

          *Trial Court Trust Fund


          Background:  Existing law provides that in all criminal prosecutions, the  
          accused has the right to be confronted by the witnesses against  
          him or her. Existing law also provides under the Sixth Amendment  
          of the U.S. Constitution the right of a person accused of a  
          crime to represent him or herself. 
          This bill seeks to protect victims from further trauma when the  
          defendant charged with specified offenses is acting in pro per.  
          This bill would authorize a court to order standby counsel or  
          another person the court deems fit, after a hearing is conducted  
          to make this determination, to question the victim on behalf of  
          the defendant. The court will have to find that the defendant  
          examining the victim will create an emotionally traumatic  
          situation for the victim and that appointing the stand by  
          counsel will protect the victim from that trauma. The offenses  
          about which the victim is testifying must be a registerable sex  
          offense, felony stalking, felony elder abuse, felony domestic  
          violence, or felony child abuse.



          Proposed Law:  
           This bill would provide, under codified legislative findings  
          and declarations, that if the defendant is acting as his or her  
          own attorney (in pro per), the court, upon a motion by the  
          prosecutor, at the request of a victim, or upon the court's own  
          motion, shall conduct a hearing to determine whether  
          intermediary standby counsel shall be appointed, at county  
          expense, for the limited purpose of presenting the defendant's  
          examination of the victim. This bill:
                 Provides that if intermediary standby counsel is not  
               available, the court may appoint any individual the court  
               deems fit to conduct the examination, or the court may  
               conduct the examination, subject to specified court  
               findings, including but not limited to that the alleged  
               offense against the victim was a felony offense subject to  








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               sex offender registration, felony stalking, felony elder  
               abuse, felony domestic violence, or felony child abuse.  
                 Provides that when the court orders intermediary standby  
               counsel or the appointed individual to present the  
               examination of the victim, or when the court presents the  
               examination, the court shall do all of the following:
                  o         Make a brief statement on the record, outside  
                    the presence of the jury, of the reasons in support of  
                    its order. The reasons shall be set forth with  
                    sufficient specificity to permit meaningful review and  
                    to demonstrate that discretion was exercised in a  
                    careful, reasonable, and equitable manner.
                  o         Instruct the jury that although another  
                    person, or the court, is presenting the defendant's  
                    questions of that witness, the defendant is continuing  
                    to represent himself or herself, and that the jury is  
                    to draw no negative inferences against the defendant  
                    from the use of another person or the court to  
                    facilitate the examination of that particular witness  
                    or to speculate as to the reasons for another person's  
                    or the court's participation.
                 Provide that when the court orders the examination of  
               the victim be presented by another person, or when the  
               court conducts the examination, the defendant shall submit  
               the entire line of questioning to the other person or the  
               court, including any follow-up questions, and have the  
               right to contemporaneously direct the other person or the  
               court during the examination to ensure the defendant  
               maintains control of his or her defense. The defendant  
               shall remain personally subject to court procedures and the  
               rules of evidence.
                 Provides that a person who is appointed shall not be  
               subject to criminal prosecution for the unlawful practice  
               of law for engaging in activities he or she is authorized  
               to perform pursuant to this section, as specified.


          Related  
          Legislation:  None applicable.


          Staff  
          Comments:  This bill creates a new process, potentially requiring a  
          hearing, for consideration of the appointment of intermediary  








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          standby counsel. For those motions approved and that require a  
          hearing, an additional hour of court time is estimated. Based on  
          an estimated cost of $4,000 for an eight-hour court day, an  
          additional one hour of court time is estimated to cost of $500  
          per case.

          It cannot be known with certainty how many motions will be filed  
          in these cases in any one year statewide, and of the motions  
          filed, which motions will require a separate hearing. It is  
          assumed the number of cases in which a defendant is acting in  
          pro per is infrequent, therefore, for every 100 motions filed  
          (less than two motions per court per year), annual costs could  
          reach $50,000 annually. To the extent the actual number of  
          motions filed in these cases is greater or less than 100, costs  
          would be commensurately higher or lower. 

          This bill could result in a potential increase in county costs  
          for court-appointed intermediary standby counsel to conduct the  
          examination of the victim. To the extent the increase in county  
          expenses qualifies as a reimbursable state mandate, counties  
          could submit claims for reimbursement of those costs (General  
          Fund). Alternatively, to the extent the court conducts the  
          examination, additional workload for court staff would be  
          incurred.
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